1,720,977 research outputs found
Parenting Programme in Health Centres:What you do with baby really matters: implementation manual
Get PDFThis is the implementation manual of a programme that teaches mothers how to care, talk and play with their child in a way to improve their development. When they get older, this will help them to be ready for school and be happy and well behaved children. The programme uses a new approach of including parenting in routine child health visits
Socio-economic status and early childhood cognitive skills : is Latin America different?
Get PDFThis paper documents differences in cognitive development – as measured by a receptive vocabulary test – between children from households with high and low socioeconomic status (SES) in two different phases of childhood (before and after early school years) in four developing countries: Peru, Ethiopia, India and Vietnam. Intercontinental evidence on the timing, pattern, and persistence of these differences is provided. The non-parametric analysis suggests that differences found at the age of 5 persist into the early school years across all four countries, and the conditional analysis shows that the magnitude of within-country SES differences seem to diminish over time (with the exception of the India sample). However, both the magnitude of the gap and the degree of persistence vary. The main result is that Peru stands out, not only as the country with the largest cross-section difference between rich and poor (of around 1.30–1.40 standard deviations), but also as the country with the highest persistence in cognitive development, as shown by the value-added specification. Some channels behind these trends are discussed, but overall, the SES gradient persists even when controlling for a range of important mediators, such as preschool, early nutrition, and years of schooling. Past performance on the Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test (PPVT) is an important determinant of the SES gradient at the age of 8
Socio-economic status and early childhood cognitive skills : is Latin America different?: Young Lives working paper 127
No full textThis paper documents differences in cognitive development – as measured by a receptive
vocabulary test – between children from households with high and low socioeconomic status
(SES) in two different phases of childhood (before and after early school years) in four
developing countries: Peru, Ethiopia, India and Vietnam. Intercontinental evidence on the
timing, pattern, and persistence of these differences is provided. The non-parametric analysis
suggests that differences found at the age of 5 persist into the early school years across all
four countries, and the conditional analysis shows that the magnitude of within-country SES
differences seem to diminish over time (with the exception of the India sample). However,
both the magnitude of the gap and the degree of persistence vary. The main result is that
Peru stands out, not only as the country with the largest cross-section difference between
rich and poor (of around 1.30–1.40 standard deviations), but also as the country with the
highest persistence in cognitive development, as shown by the value-added specification.
Some channels behind these trends are discussed, but overall, the SES gradient persists
even when controlling for a range of important mediators, such as preschool, early nutrition,
and years of schooling. Past performance on the Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test (PPVT) is
an important determinant of the SES gradient at the age of 8.© Young Lives 2014. All rights reserved. Reproduction, copy, transmission, or translation of any part
of this publication may be made only under the following conditions:
with the prior permission of the publisher; or
with a licence from the Copyright Licensing Agency Ltd.,
90 Tottenham Court Road, London W1P 9HE, UK, or from another national
licensing agency or under the terms set out below.
This publication is copyright, but may be reproduced by any method without
fee for teaching or non-profit purposes, but not for resale. Formal permission
is required for all such uses, but normally will be granted immediately. For
copying in any other circumstances, or for re-use in other publications, or for
translation or adaptation, prior written permission must be obtained from the
publisher and a fee may be payable
Socio-economic status and early childhood cognitive skills Is Latin America different?
No full textEste documento documenta las diferencias en el desarrollo cognitivo, medido por una prueba de vocabulario receptivo, entre niños de hogares con alto y bajo nivel socioeconómico (SES) en dos fases diferentes de la infancia (antes y después de la escuela) en cuatro países en desarrollo: Perú, Etiopía, India y Vietnam. Se proporciona evidencia intercontinental sobre el momento, el patrón y la persistencia de estas diferencias. El análisis no paramétrico sugiere que las diferencias encontradas a los 5 años persisten en los primeros años escolares en los cuatro países, y el análisis condicional muestra que la magnitud de las diferencias EEE dentro del país parece disminuir con el tiempo (con la excepción de la muestra India). Sin embargo, tanto la magnitud de la brecha como el grado de persistencia varían. El principal resultado es que Perú se destaca, no solo como el país con la mayor diferencia de corte transversal entre ricos y pobres (de alrededor de 1.30-1.40 desviaciones estándar), sino también como el país con la mayor persistencia en el desarrollo cognitivo, como se muestra por la especificación de valor agregado. Se discuten algunos canales detrás de estas tendencias, pero, en general, el gradiente de SES persiste incluso cuando se controla una serie de mediadores importantes, como preescolar, nutrición temprana, y años de escolaridad. El rendimiento pasado en el Examen de vocabulario de imágenes de Peabody (PPVT) es un determinante importante del gradiente de SES a la edad de 8 años
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Herramientas Simples Para Mejorar Tu Comportamiento Y El De La Sociedad
No full textLos detalles muchas veces son tan imperceptibles como poderosos. A quién votamos (o si votamos), cuánto ahorramos, la frecuencia con la que hacemos ejercicio, ir (o no) al médico, vacunarnos, tomar esa pastilla diaria que nos puede salvar la vida. Todas son decisiones importantes y, a veces, de vida o muerte. Y, aunque no nos demos cuenta, dependen de pequeños detalles. Los detalles importan y esa es una buena noticia, por que significa que lograr cambios de comportamiento puede ser más fácil y menos costoso de lo que pensábamos. Algo que se vuelve fundamental, no solo para nuestro bienestar individual, sino para el de nuestra comunidad y hasta el de nuestros países. Pero también es peligroso, porque significa que, si queremos tomar buenas decisiones, tenemos que prestar mucha más atención a las pequeñas sutilezas que inciden en cada paso que damos. Esto es lo que hace la Economía del Comportamiento y es lo que vienen haciendo muchos expertos (incluidos los autores de este libro): identificar esos detalles y usarlos para mejorar la forma en que tomamos decisiones. La ciencia de los detalles no es solamente un libro científico. Lleva las enseñanzas de años de investigación a la vida real, del laboratorio a la pista de baile de las decisiones.BI
Better than my neighbor? Testing for overconfidence in COVID-19 preventive behaviors in Latin America
Get PDFBACKGROUND: Procrastination and lack of attention may often hinder the implementation of preemptive actions necessary to mitigate the spread of COVID-19 like washing hands, covering nose and mouth with a mask, and keeping social distance. It is in such “easy” tasks that people (mistakenly) believe that they are better than others. In this paper we test for overconfidence bias in COVID-19 preventive behaviors in Latin America. METHODS: Using a phone survey in nationally representative samples from 10 Latin American countries where randomly, half of the sample in each country was asked about self-reported compliance to COVID-19 guidelines, and half about preventive behavior of fellow citizens compared to them; we tested: if the proportion of individuals claiming that others comply with a certain measure “Always more frequent than me” is higher than those stating that they “Never” or “Sometimes” comply with the same measure (i.e. people believe they are better at doing something than what they actually are). RESULTS: Over 90% of Latin-Americans claim to always wear a mask and sanitize their hands and more than 80% state to always keep social distance. We also find evidence of overconfidence in every behavior – except for keeping distance in public transportation. Moreover, the magnitude of such overconfidence is higher for behaviors such as wearing masks in public or washing hands than for those regarding keeping the 2-m distance. CONCLUSIONS: To our knowledge, this is the first study to measure overconfidence in COVID-19 preventive behaviors in Latin America. Results show that more effort is needed to encourage people to comply with the regulation when it does not only depend on them: a better organization of closed stores and public transportation are, for instance, crucial to allow social distancing. It also suggests that a reinforcement of basic measures is essential, as individuals report to be performing them more frequently than when they have to think about such behaviors compared to others. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12889-022-13311-9
ICT skills and employment: A randomized experiment
Get PDFThe aim of this paper is to evaluate the impact that the acquisition of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) skills has on the labor market of two Latin-American cities: Buenos Aires and Bogota. Using cross-sectional data from an experiment that randomly assigned the ICT skills line in the resume, we assess the returns to ICT skills. For that, we submit approximately 11,000 fictitious Curricula Vitae (CVs) for real job vacancies published daily in the main job search engines in both cities. We estimate a binary choice model to identify differences in callbacks depending on ICT skills. We also analyze how gender, place of residence and occupational categories interact with ICT skills. Our econometric analysis supports previous literature suggesting that ICT skills could increase the probabilities of inclusion in the labor market, mainly for those at some level of disadvantage. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study that quantifies the effect of ICT skills on employment. Our findings suggest that having ICT skills in the resume can increase the probability of receiving a callback by around 1 percent or more. This effect is much stronger in Bogota than in Buenos Aires, which suggests that ICT could be acting differently depending on the characteristics of the labor market
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
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