1,721,025 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Funções executivas em crianças com tiques e síndrome de Tourette
Get PDFFundamentação Teórica: A literatura tem vindo a associar a Síndrome de Tourette (ST)
a um comprometimento no funcionamento executivo, em particular no controlo inibitório,
flexibilidade cognitiva, fluência verbal, e memória de trabalho verbal. A maioria dos estudos
feitos teve como população alvo indivíduos de idade adulta, existindo menos estudos feitos na
idade pediátrica. Estes últimos são mais heterogéneos e menos conclusivos relativamente ao
possível comprometimento executivo em crianças com ST ou tiques. Este estudo pretende
avaliar o desempenho de crianças com ST e perturbação persistente de tiques em provas de
funcionamento executivo.
Metodologia: Foi recolhida uma amostra por conveniência, composta por um grupo
clínico com 15 crianças (seis com ST e nove com perturbação persistente de tiques) e por um
grupo de controlo com 15 crianças. Estes grupos foram emparelhados por idade, sexo e
escolaridade. Foram administrados os seguintes instrumentos para avaliar o funcionamento
executivo: Trilhas A e B, Memória de Dígitos, teste Stroop, Fluência Verbal, Cancelamento de
Sinais e a Torre. Foram aplicadas as Matrizes Progressivas de Raven Standard e as Matrizes
Progressivas Paralelas para avaliar a inteligência não verbal. Foi também administrado um
questionário comportamental (ASEBA - CBCL 6-18) e a Escala Global de severidade de tiques
de Yale (YGTSS) para medir a severidade da sintomatologia de tiques.
Resultados: Não foram observadas diferenças significativas entre as crianças com ST e
perturbação persistente de tiques e as crianças do grupo de controlo. Também não foram
observadas diferenças a nível intelectual. As crianças com ST pontuaram mais na escala de
severidade de tiques comparadas com as crianças com perturbação persistente de tiques.
Conclusão: Os estudos feitos na idade pediátrica parecem mais heterógenos nos
resultados do que os estudos realizados com adultos. Este estudo suporta literatura recente
sobre crianças com ST, não encontrando evidências de comprometimento nas funções
executivas em crianças com ST e com perturbação persistente de tiques (sem complicações
adicionais e com sintomatologia de tiques leve a moderada).Theoretical Foundation: The literature has been associating Tourette's Syndrome (TS)
with a commitment to executive functioning, in particular in inhibitory control, cognitive
flexibility, verbal fluency, and verbal working memory. Most of the studies conducted targeted
adult individuals, with fewer studies conducted in pediatric age. Studies in pediatric age are
more heterogeneous and less conclusive about a possible executive commitment in subjects
with TS or tics. This study aims to evaluate the performance of children with TS and persistent
tic disorder in tests of executive functioning.
Methodology: A convenience sample was collected, composed of a clinical group with 15
children (six with TS and nine with persistent tic disorder) and a control group with 15 children.
These groups were paired by age, gender, and schooling. The following instruments were
administered to evaluate the executive functioning: Trails A and B, Digit Span, Stroop Test,
Verbal Fluency, Signal Cancellation, and the Tower. Raven Standard Progressive Matrices and
Parallel Progressive Matrices were applied to evaluate nonverbal intelligence. A behavioral
questionnaire (ASEBA - CBCL 6-18) and the Yale Global Tic Severity Scale (YGTSS) were
also administered to measure possible comorbidities and the severity of tic symptomatology.
Results: No significant differences were observed between children with TS and
persistent tic disturbance and children in the control group. There were also no intellectual
differences. Children with TS scored higher on the tic severity scale compared to children with
a persistent tic disorder.
Conclusion: Studies in the pediatric age seem more heterogenic than studies conducted
with adults. This study supports recent literature on children with TS, finding no evidence of
impairment in executive functions in children with TS and persistent tic disorder (without
additional complications and with mild to moderate tic symptomatology)
Influência da memória de trabalho na aquisição de competências matemáticas em crianças com epilepsia de ausências
Get PDFObjetivo: As competências matemáticas são fundamentais à sobrevivência no mundo
moderno. Do pagamento de contas à contagem de calorias, todos os dias nos deparamos
com situações que requerem aptidões matemáticas. A aquisição de competências
matemáticas é afetada por vários fatores: cognitivos, sociais e/ou relacionais. Um dos
fatores cognitivos que influencia a aprendizagem, nomeadamente da matemática, é a
memória de trabalho (MT). A investigação tem demonstrado que a MT pode estar
prejudicada na epilepsia de ausências da infância (EAI), sendo que crianças com esta
síndrome tendem a manifestar dificuldades em matemática. Este estudo visa apurar se as
crianças com EAI têm, de facto, dificuldades na MT e determinar o seu impacto no
cálculo mental e no acesso a factos e procedimentos aritméticos.
Participantes e Método: Avaliámos 14 crianças com EAI e 14 controlos
saudáveis. As crianças com EAI realizaram as Matrizes Progressivas Coloridas de Raven
em paralelo, os sub-testes de Aritmética e Memória de Dígitos da WISC-III, os sub-testes
Corsi e Torre da BANC e o TEMA-3. Foi pedido aos cuidadores primários de ambos os
grupos que preenchessem um questionário de função executiva (BRIEF-2) sobre a criança.
Resultados: Crianças com EAI apresentaram capacidades executivas mais fracas
do que os controlos saudáveis. Além do mais, a MT previu o desempenho matemático
das crianças com EAI, a nível do cálculo mental e do acesso a factos e procedimentos
aritméticos. Conclusão: A MT condiciona as capacidades matemáticas das crianças com EAI.
Crianças com EAI apresentaram valores mais baixos de MT do que as crianças
tipicamente desenvolvidas. Por último, crianças com EAI demonstraram competências
executivas mais fracas do que controlos saudáveis.Purpose: Mathematical ability is essential for modern world survival. From paying bills
to counting calories, every day we are faced with situations that require mathematical
skills. The acquisition of mathematical skills is affected by several factors, whether
cognitive, social or relational. A major cognitive factor influencing learning, particularly
mathematics, is working memory (WM). It is known that WM is impaired in childhood
absence epilepsy (CAE), and that these children tend to experience difficulties in
mathematics. This study aims to determine whether children with CAE do, in fact, have
difficulties in WM and to understand the impact of these deficits on mental calculation
and in accessing arithmetic facts and procedures.
Participants and Method: We evaluated 14 children with CAE and 14 healthy
controls. Children with CAE performed the Raven’s Colored Progressive Matricesparallel form, the WISC-III arithmetic and digit memory subtests, the BANC Corsi and
Tower subtests and TEMA-3. Primary caregivers of both groups were asked to complete
an executive function questionnaire (BRIEF-2) about their children.
Results: Subjects with CAE demonstrated weaker executive skills than healthy
controls. Furthermore, WM predicted mathematical performance of children with CAE,
both in accessing arithmetic facts and procedures and in mental calculation.
Conclusion: WM affects mathematical skills of children with CAE. Children with
CAE showed poorer WM skills than typically developed children. Finally, children with
CAE exhibited poorer executive skills than healthy controls
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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