27,324 research outputs found
Liu Kang
No full textLiu Kang: Essays on Art and Culture is a testament to the inexorable passion of an artist who knew no boundaries. This collection of essays, which Liu Kang wrote over 44 years, offers an insight into the artist’s myriad interests as well as his contributions as a first generation Nanyang artist and art educator. Translated into English for this volume, Liu Kang’s essays are accompanied by commentaries and photographs of the artist-author and his subjects
tibetanword segmentation as syllable tagging using conditional random field
No full textIn this paper, we proposed a novel approach for Tibetan word segmentation using the conditional random field. We reformulate the segmentation as a syllable tagging problem. The approach labels each syllable with a word-internal position tag, and combines syllable(s) into words according to their tags. As there is no public available Tibetan word segmentation corpus, the training corpus is generated by another segmenter which has an F-score of 96.94% on the test set. Two feature template sets namely TMPT-6 and TMPT-10 are used and compared, and the result shows that the former is better. Experiments also show that larger training set improves the performance significantly. Trained on a set of 131,903 sentences, the segmenter achieves an F-score of 95.12% on the test set of 1,000 sentences. © 2011 by Huidan Liu, Minghua Nuo, Longlong Ma, Jian Wu, and Yeping He.In this paper, we proposed a novel approach for Tibetan word segmentation using the conditional random field. We reformulate the segmentation as a syllable tagging problem. The approach labels each syllable with a word-internal position tag, and combines syllable(s) into words according to their tags. As there is no public available Tibetan word segmentation corpus, the training corpus is generated by another segmenter which has an F-score of 96.94% on the test set. Two feature template sets namely TMPT-6 and TMPT-10 are used and compared, and the result shows that the former is better. Experiments also show that larger training set improves the performance significantly. Trained on a set of 131,903 sentences, the segmenter achieves an F-score of 95.12% on the test set of 1,000 sentences. © 2011 by Huidan Liu, Minghua Nuo, Longlong Ma, Jian Wu, and Yeping He
Phoebus 10: A Journal of Art History
No full texttableOfContents: Homage to the Past: The Art of Yin Xiaofeng by Ralph Gabbard and Liu Liu.. pages 5-1
Cultural exploitation in chinese politics: Reinterpreting liu sanjie
No full textLiu Sanjie is a typical Chinese legendary figure, adapted from folk custom and transformed during many historical and political stages. By comparing the musical film Liu Sanjie with the landscape performing art Impression Liu Sanjie, this paper explores how Liu Sanjie is reconstructed in the Impression to be in accord with contemporary demands (shidaixing). In the film, made during the 1960s, Liu Sanjie was promoted as a heroine fighting against the privileged classes, but in the Impression, her class struggle has been erased and only a harmonious and abstract legend remains. Her ethnicity is promoted by Han elites as not exclusive Zhuang, but shared equally with Han, Miao and Dong ethnicity in an imagined community to propagate a sense of ethnic harmony and unified Chineseness. Her transformation from a realistic character, full of a rebelling spirit, to an abstract and disembodied ‘sense of harmony’, is a complete reinterpretation of a Chinese historical legend. Utilizing a term from Wang Ban (1997), ‘the sublime figure of history’, which refers to an ideology aestheticized by the party state for securing its governance, this paper refers to the bold artistic treatment of Liu Sanjie for cultural exploitation as ‘Liu Sanjie’s sublime’. The paper explores the evolutionary progress of Liu Sanjie from class revolution to art revolution in response to political requirements. The author is a stage-trained performing artist, specialized in both Western opera and Chinese classical and folk singing and dance. He is also a critic and art consultant in the Chinese landscape performing arts industry. These professional roles have allowed privileged access to the top people in this industry
Test Make Sense?
No full textCorresponding author Changyu Liu should be listed as the first corresponding author.No Full Tex
Elimaea (Poaefoliana) upcurva Liu
No full textElimaea (Poaefoliana) upcurva Liu C-X, sp. nov. (Plate 5 e–i, 6 f–i) Holotype: male, China: Yunnan Prov.: Xishuangbanna, Mengla, 620–650m, 1959. VI. 10, Coll. Zhang Yiran, Li Xiaofu (IZAS). Paratype: 1 male, 3 females, same data as in holotype (IZAS); 1 male, China: Yunnan Prov.: Xishuangbanna, Yunjinghong, 650m, 1958. VII. 4, Coll. Li Fulong (IZAS); 1 male (No. 14010944), China: Yunnan Prov., Xishuangbanna, bubang, 700m, 1993. IX. 14,Coll. Yang Longlong (MSIE). Description: Holotype (male). Tegmen distinctly surpassing apex of hind femur; hind wings distinctly longer than tegmen; radius sector branching in basal 1 / 3 part of tegmen, and emitting out 3 branches near apex. Fore coxae unarmed. Fore femur with 7 interior ventral spines; mid femur with 12 exterior ventral spines; hind femur without ventral spines. Genicular lobes of each femur bispinose. Fore tibiae with 3 exterior dorsal spines in distal half as well as 1 exterior dorsal spine over tympana; mid tibiae with 15 interior dorsal spines; hind tibiae with 35 interior and exterior large dorsal spines. Tenth abdominal tergum slightly produced, with truncated apical margin (plate 5g, 6g); epiproct long triangular, with subobtuse apex. Cerci obliquely extending backwards, approximately columned, distal half gradually upcurved, with apex abruptly acuminated into a long upright spine (Plate 5 h, 6g). Subgenital plate with widest base, gradually narrowed until middle, distal half with approximately parallel lateral margin, split from basal 1 / 5 part into two lateral lobes (Plate 5 i, 6 i). Female. Epiproct triangular, slightly longer than wide, with subobtuse apex. Cerci conical, slightly upcurved in distal half. Ovipositor falcate, gradually upcurved, dorsal margin crenulated, and ventral margin finely crenulated near apex. Subgenital plate trapeziform, with base widest, each lateral corner of apical margin with a long sharp triangular projection. Gonangulum of ovipositor with round ventro-apical appendage pointing apicad. Color: Slightly dark green. Compound eyes dark brown. Head, antennae, legs, and abdomen densely covered with brown dots. Center of each cell between R and posterior margin with aggregation of a few brown dots. Apex of cerci brown. Measurement (mm): length of body: male 19.0–21.0, female 23.0; length of pronotum: male 5.0– 5.5, female 4.8–5.2; length of tegmen: male 30.0–32.0, female 36.2 –38.0; largest width of male stridulatory area 1.5; length of male stridulatory vein 1.0; largest width of dorsal area behind male stridulatory area 0.5; width of tegmen: male 4.0, female 5.0; length of hind wing: male 39.0, female 42.0–43.0; length of fore femur: male 9.0–10.0, female 11.0; length of mid femur: male 10.5, female 13.5; length of hind femur: male 24.0, female 26.0–27.0; length of cerci: male 3.5, female 2.5; length of subgenital plate: male 5.5, female 1.0; length of ovipositor 8.0–9.0. Etymology: The name indicates that apical spine of the male cercus of this new species is strongly upcurved. Discussion: This new species should belong to the subgenus Poaefoliana recently established by Ingrisch (2011), for its tegmen, which is narrower than pronotum. In lateral or ventral view, E. upcurva sp. nov. resembles E. (Rhaebelimaea) recta Gorochov, 2009 in the male subgenital plate, but distinctly differs by the shape of lateral lobes of the plate, and shape of the male cerci. Distribution: China: Yunnan Prov. Subgeus Rectielimaea Liu C-X, subgen. nov. Type species: Elimaea (Rectielimaea) percauda Liu C-X & Liu X-W, sp. nov.. Here designate. Diagnosis: Upper part of fore coxae without any spine. Rs branching distinct before middle of tegmen. Male with straight proximal part of MP+CuIP vein in tegminal dorsal part. Male subgenital plate divided into 2 almost immovable (in relation to each other) hind lobes by median notch, which is not reaching middle part of this plate. Male phallus with a long log-like sclerite horizontally produced outwards. Included species: Type species.Published as part of Liu, Chun-Xiang & Liu, Xian-Wei, 2011, Elimaea Stål (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae: Phaneropterinae) and its relative from China, with description of twenty-three new species, pp. 1-48 in Zootaxa 3020 on pages 14-15, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.27867
Atlanticus (Atlanticus) hefengensis Liu 2013, sp. n.
No full textAtlanticus (Atlanticus) hefengensis Liu sp. n. (Fig. 7J; Table 1) Holotype. Female [IOZ(E)1340051], China: Hubei Prov., Shennongjia, Hefeng, Fenshuiling, 1400m, 1989.VIII.1, Coll. Yang Longlong. Diagnosis. Ovipositor moderately robust (1.2mm wide in middle) compared with other species in the subgenus, with apical one-third slightly recurved. Hind femur twice the length of the pronotum. Description. Holotype. Female. Medium-sized compared to the congeners in the subgenus Atlanticus. Disc of prozona slightly convex, and metazona slightly slanting from middle line to lateral carinae. Pronotum narrowest in proximal quarter, and then gradually ampliate caudad. Lateral lobes of pronotum slightly longer than deep, deepest before middle; anterior margin very slightly concave, posterior margin oblique with a distinct central concavity, ventral margin slanting caudad to posterior angle. Tegmen not produced dorsally. Fore femur with 3 ventral interior spines. Middle femur with 2 ventral exterior spines. Apical half of hind femur with 2–4 exterior and 2 interior spines on ventral margins. Fore tibia with 0–1 dorsal exterior spine and 6 ventral spines on both margins. Middle tibia with 3 dorsal interior spines and 6 ventral spines on both margins. Hind tibia with 18 dorsal spines on both margins. Ovipositor twice the length of pronotum, with slightly recurved apical one-third (about 10º angle). Proximal one-third of ovipositor narrowed from base, remainder of equal width, with upper margin slightly obliquely truncate at apex. Subgenital plate distinctly transverse, distal margin emarginate in one-third, forming two obtuse triangular lobes. Coloration. Generally brown. The following parts are shining blackish brown: outer surface of two basal antennal joints; fastigium frontis; lateral surfaces of fastigium verticis; postocular fascia. The following parts are shining dark brown: upper portion of pleurae, small region above humeral notch of lateral lobes of pronotum; a middle line separating upper portion from lower portion of hind femora; dorsal surface of hind femur. Numerous spots on fore and middle legs dark brown. Ventral spines of hind femur black. Abdominal tergite dark brown. Male unknown. Notes. This new species differs from other Chinese congeners in the subgenus Atlanticus by length of hind femur, length and shape of female ovipositor. I temporarily put into the Kulingensis Group but its true placement can not be determined until its male has been discovered. Etymology. The new species is named for the type locality. Distribution. China (Hubei).Published as part of Liu, Chun-Xiang, 2013, Review of Atlanticus Scudder, 1894 (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae: Tettigoniinae) from China, with description of 27 new species, pp. 1-42 in Zootaxa 3647 (1) on pages 13-14, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3647.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/526426
Liu Zhiji jing xue si xiang yan jiu.
No full text唐劉知幾著有《史通》一書，當中總結歷代史籍的編撰情況，更提出史籍撰著建議予以後世，但見劉知幾學術之重點在於其史學。事實上，後世學者往往著眼於劉知幾「三入東觀」的經歷以及其僅存的史評論著《史通》，即冠以「史學家」之稱謂，討論其史學觀念，子玄之儒學背景及其於論著中如何受儒家經典影響，並未為過往一眾論者廣泛注意，但觀《全唐文》對子玄的評價，稱「子玄博識，誠則純儒」，由此可見，唐時人對於劉知幾的學術焦點並不在史學，恰正在其儒學。晚唐柳璨指摘劉知幾《史通》議駁經典過當，為批評《史通》菲薄經典之始，至近人呂思勉猶稱其「邃於史而疏於經」，雖自梁啟超起意圖匡正歷來學者對劉知幾的誤解，但不論學者採取批評抑或肯定的論說立場，並皆以為劉知幾論說有悖儒家經典，甚至以為劉知幾貶抑經書以求推尊史學。但筆者嘗試蒐集書證，得見一眾論說其實未有深究劉知幾的經學內涵，即論斷其著述意圖，實有偏頗之弊。本文欲從《史通》內外分篇準則的角度切入，析述《史通》內篇辨義、外篇言事之編排體例，且以此理解《史通》出現「詆毀」經書論說，旨在論史事真偽，非關經義，藉以肯定劉知幾殆非「離經叛道」之徒。再以《史通》及相關史籍著述論及儒家經典的條目為研究對象，比對初唐相關經學論說，以歸納劉知幾的經學思想，當中包括了對《尚書》、《春秋》相關經學議題的闡發，以及詮釋三《禮》、《周易》、《詩經》的傾向與特點。最後，將《史通》說經論述置於經學史的發展脈絡下審視，得見《史通》「疑古」「惑經」乃上承王充學說，又因唐初經學治學風氣崇尚自由，得以包容接納有異於《正義》的論見。其次，透過梳理唐以後相關經說，但見作為史書類之《史通》對經學方面的影響，包括《春秋》學派繼承「捨傳求經」之風，而後世經學論述對劉知幾學說之廣泛引用，因之，本文以為劉知幾學識在經學範疇亦有影響力，實需重新考量劉知幾於經學史上的地位。As a celebrated scholar in Tang Dynasty, Liu ZhiJi（劉知幾） expressed his thoughts in the works of Shi Tong（史通）. Shi Tong, an echo-making significance in the history of Chinese historiography. It does not only make a summary of historical records in the past, but also provide a guideline for the later historiographers. Therefore, the mainstream of research on Liu, is about the historical thoughts. However, we have to realize that, Liu’s thoughts on Classics studies have also been mainly included in Shi Tong. Moreover, Quan Tang Wen（全唐文） said "Liu is a knowledge man, can be called an absolute Confucian scholar." This has shown that the essence of Liu’ study is on Confucian Classic but not on history.In Shi Tong, Liu points out the advantages and disadvantages of the historical records, even Saint Confucian Classic. Liu Can（柳璨） in later Tang Dynasty, reprimands it as "Absurd accusation of the sages and Saint". There are even more commentaries in Shi Tong in modern time, yet most held biased views. After reviewing the research of previous scholars, we found that, regarding the research of Classic study in Shi Tong still somewhat weak even Tang Dynasty, in the past decades.This paper starts from discussing the writing system of Shi Tong. Shi Tong is divided into inside and outside parts. According to the research, the inside part is talk about the theory of historical writing, and the outside part focus on the historical fact. The differences between these structures, help us to understand Liu’s concept of Confucian Classic. He did not doubt about the value of Confucian classic, but use the paradigm of the history to seek the fact of history in the Classic writings.The second part of this paper, is to analyze the thoughts of Classic in Shi Tong. It divides into 5 chapters to talks about Shang Shu, Chun Qiu, Li Ji, Zhou Yi and Shi Jing, These chapters attempt to show the deeply studies on Shi Tong’ explanations and interpretation of Classic. Through the discussion of Liu’s thoughts of Classic study, we can understand more clearly about Liu’s distinct mentality and academic survey.In the third part of this paper, we re-examine the background of Liu’s world culture. Even some scholars may recognized Liu’s doubt about Classic, and simply labeled or explained this phenomenon, saying Said that Liu’s thought was deviated from authority unifying thought of Classics. Liu didn’t follow or opposed the predecessors blindly. At the same time, Liu created his own views of Classic study. He approved and developed the critical spirit of Wang Chong(王充), who said "Hate bitterly dishonest and absurd gossip." Meanwhile, the atmosphere of Classic study in the early of Tang Dynasty is quiet free comparatively speaking. That is the reason that Liu voiced his doubt on the Classic.To find out Liu’s basic thoughts, or the reason he doubted about the classic, was pursuing the historical fact. He wouldn’t want to overthrow the authoritative status of Classic, and his inner intension was to renewal the Classic. It is closed to the proposition of new Chun Qiu party. Liu’s viewpoints on Classic issues were approved in Tang Dynasty. Furthermore, the views were also being adopted in the Classic works in the following decades. It shows that, Liu occupied an important position in the history of Classic study.Detailed summary in vernacular field only.Detailed summary in vernacular field only.Detailed summary in vernacular field only.Detailed summary in vernacular field only.Detailed summary in vernacular field only.劉璐.Thesis (M.Phil.) Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2014.Includes bibliographical references (leaves 214-235).Abstracts in English and Chinese.Liu Lu
RoMEO Studies 5: IPR issues for OAI Data and Service Providers
No full textThis paper is the fifth in a series of studies emanating from the UK JISC-funded RoMEO Project (Rights Metadata for Open-archiving). It reports the results of two surveys of OAI Data Providers (DPs) and Service Providers (SPs) with regards to the rights issues they face. It finds that very few DPs have rights agreements with depositing authors and that there is no standard approach to the creation of rights metadata. The paper considers the rights protection afforded individual and collections of metadata records under UK Law and contrasts this with DP and SP’s views on the rights status of metadata and how they wish to protect it. The majority of DP and SPs believe that a standard way of describing both the rights status of documents and of metadata would be usefu
Effect of diazirine concentration on the reaction of 3-benzyl-3-chlorodiazirine with methanol
No full textPT: J; CR: GRAHAM WH, 1965, J AM CHEM SOC, V87, P4396 GRILLER D, 1982, J AM CHEM SOC, V104, P5549 LIU MTH, 1984, J CHEM SOC CHEM COMM, P1062 LIU MTH, 1985, J CHEM SOC CHEM COMM, P982 LIU MTH, 1985, J ORG CHEM, V50, P3218 LIU MTH, 1985, TETRAHEDRON LETT, V26, P3071 LIU MTH, 1986, J CHEM SOC PERK T 2, P1233 LIU MTH, 1986, J PHYS CHEM-US, V90, P75 LIU MTH, 1987, CHEM DIAZIRINES, V1, CH5 TOMIOKA H, 1984, J AM CHEM SOC, V106, P454 TOMIOKA H, 1986, J CHEM SOC CHEM COMM, P1364; NR: 11; TC: 5; J9: J CHEM SOC PERKIN TRANS 2; PG: 3; GA: L7207Source type: Electronic(1
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