2,335 research outputs found
Inovarea. Stat si Corporatii
No full textThis study aims to frame the innovation process between the two sectors of the economy: public and private. Innovation is recognized as the basis for long-term economic development, issues raised by Kondratiev and Schumpeter. Innovation also cause so-called long-term economic cycles. Article aims to highlight the need for cooperation between states and corporations to support and promote innovation processes. It can not belong or should not belong exclusively to only a sector or another. Each has a well defined role and a sound economic development can not be obtained only through public-private collaboration in terms of innovation.invention, innovation, state, corporation, R&D
Explanation masterpiece of Al-Mawdūdī
No full textLe document est une copie manuscrite d'un poème original composé par Abu Abdurrahmān Muhammad bun Abdullahi bun Mālik. Il fut achevé le 6 du mois islamique de Muharram 1201 (Hijri) / 29 octobre 1786. Le nom du second écrivain est inconnu. Selon le présent propriétaire, c’est soit Al Hajj Umar Taal ou l'un de ses disciples qui aurait produit le manuscrit. Le poème fait l'éloge du prophète Muhammad (PBUH). Il décrit les caractères qui font de Muhammad un prophète de haut rang. Il décrit ses qualités inégalées, sa haute moralité, ses épithètes uniques, les lieux bénis où il a été béni, de même que ses vertus qui sont les meilleures que nulle autre créature possède. L'auteur décrit le prophète comme le modèle que lui-même suit.The manuscript was composed by a Fulani scholar of the Taal family. It is a handwritten copy of an original poem composed by Abu Abdurahmān Muhammad bun Abdullahi bun Mālik. It was completed on the 6 of the Islamic month of Muharram 1201 (Hijri) / October 29, 1786. The name of the script is unknown. According to the custodian, he is either Al Hajj Umar Taal or one of his followers. The text is a praise of Prophet Muhammad (PBUH). It portrays the characters that make Prophet Muhammad stand high as a Prophet. It describes his unequaled qualities, high morality, unique epithets, the blessed places he had been to, and his virtues that are the best of humankind. The author describes the Prophet as the model he follows
Analysis of change in relative uncertainty in GHG emissions from stationary sources for the EU 15
No full textTotal uncertainty in greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions changes over time due to “learning” and structural changes in GHG emissions. Understanding the uncertainty in GHG emissions over time is very important to better communicate uncertainty and to improve the setting of emission targets in the future. This is a diagnostic study divided into two parts. The first part analyses the historical change in the total uncertainty of CO2 emissions from stationary sources that the member states estimate annually in their national inventory reports. The second part presents examples of changes in total uncertainty due to structural changes in GHG emissions considering the GAINS (Greenhouse Gas and Air Pollution Interactions and Synergies) emissions scenarios that are consistent with the EU’s “20-20-20” targets. The estimates of total uncertainty for the year 2020 are made under assumptions that relative uncertainties of GHG emissions by sector do not change in time, and with possible future uncertainty reductions for non-CO2 emissions, which are characterized by high relative uncertainty. This diagnostic exercise shows that a driving factor of change in total uncertainty is increased knowledge of inventory processes in the past and prospective future. However, for individual countries and longer periods, structural changes in emissions could significantly influence the total uncertainty in relative terms.Geoscience & EngineeringCivil Engineering and Geoscience
I call Upon you, the Rescuer
No full textThis manuscript is a heterogenous collection of mystical work and an essay copied from an original. It is incomplete and was composed by Ahmad bun Shaykh Muhammad , Muhammad al-Ghāli Bah, and an unknown author. The content deals with Islamic knowledge, praise poetry, Sufi esotericism.Ce manuscrit est une collection hétérogène d'œuvres mystiques et un essai copié à partir d'un original. Il est incomplet et a été composé par Ahmad bun Shaykh Muhammad, Muhammad al-Ghāli Bah et un auteur inconnu. Le contenu traite de la connaissance islamique, de la poésie de louange, de l'ésotérisme soufi
A Reassessment of Japan's Monetary Policy during the Great Depression: The Constraints and Remedies
No full textTemin [1989] and Eichengreen [1992] argue that monetary policy played a key role in each country's economic performance during the Great Depression, and that some European policymakers hesitated to pursue an expansionary monetary policy even after departing from gold. Why did these policymakers not pursue the opportunities they were able to pursue to the fullest extent? This study explores this issue by looking at the case of Japan, focusing on the constraints it faced and the remedies available to it as a small, open economy. This study explores the relationship between interest rates in Japan and in the major international financial centers, using a new series of representative long-term interest rates and narratives. This study reveals that Japan imposed a restrictive monetary policy on itself even after departing from the gold standard. Japan did so because it needed to maintain its ties both with its trading partners and with the international financial markets.
A Myth of "the Keynesian before Keynes:" Low Interest Rate Policy in the Early 1930s in Japan
No full textDeparting from the gold standard was the necessary condition for early recovery from the Great Depression in 1930s (Eichengreen and Sachs[1985]). Then, was it the sufficient condition for an independent monetary policy? I explore Japan's monetary policy during the interwar period, focusing on the macroeconomic policy innovation in the early 1930s. I explore the view of the Japanese policymakers at that time, making use of newly available archives from the Bank of Japan. I derive a new series of representative long-term interest rate data from the market price of one particular government bond. Then, I explore the relationship between long-term interest rates of Japan and the two financial centers, Great Britain and the United States. The Japanese experience shows how strong the Golden Fetters were during the post-gold-standard era. The institution of the gold standard had an enduring influence on Japanese policymakers, even after its constraints were no longer formally binding.
Blood Urea Nitrogen (BUN) is independently associated with mortality in critically ill patients admitted to ICU.
No full textPurposeBlood urea nitrogen (BUN) was reported to be associated with mortality in heart failure patients. We aimed to evaluate admission BUN concentration in a heterogeneous critically ill patient collective admitted to an intensive care unit (ICU) for prognostic relevance.MethodsA total of 4176 medical patients (67±13 years) admitted to a German ICU between 2004 and 2009 were included. Follow-up of patients was performed retrospectively between May 2013 and November 2013. Association of admission BUN and both intra-hospital and long-term mortality were investigated by Cox regression. An optimal cut-off was calculated by means of the Youden-Index.ResultsPatients with higher admission BUN concentration were older, clinically sicker and had more pronounced laboratory signs of multi-organ failure including kidney failure. Admission BUN was associated with adverse long-term mortality (HR 1.013; 95%CI 1.012-1.014; p28 mg/dL to case-controls ≤ 28mg/dL corrected for APACHE2 scores: BUN above 28 mg/dL remained associated with adverse outcome in a paired analysis with the difference being 5.85% (95%CI 1.23-10.47%; p = 0.02).ConclusionsHigh BUN concentration at admission was robustly associated with adverse outcome in critically ill patients admitted to an ICU, even after correction for co-founders including renal failure. BUN might constitute an independent, easily available and important parameter for risk stratification in the critically ill
„Bu 武” és „Bun 文”: A filológiai kutatás fontosságáról Japán jobb megismeréséhez
No full textThe present study explores two major Japanese notions: bu 武 and bun 文, both of which played pivotal role in the traditional Japanese society. While bu 武 denoted military abilities and knowledge, bun 文 covered all other abilities and other types of knowledge outside the military sphere. In the introductory part, the author offers an overview of the Japanese works that are useful resources for the study of the bushi 武士 worldview. In the subsequent part the author proceeds to analyzing these two concepts in three early Japanese scriptures: the Kojiki 古事記 (AD 712), the Nihonshoki 日本書紀 (AD 720), and the Shoku Nihongi 続日本紀 (AD 797). By providing the original text and a Hungarian translation, the author amply cites from these early writings to give the reader a chance to correctly understand these basic notions.Feltöltés alat
The Second Chapter of a Volume
No full textThis is a handwritten copy by one of the followers of Al Hajj Umar Taal. It is a copy of a book originally written by Muhammad bun Muhammad bun Al-Masrī. The place of writing is not mentioned. The manuscript is the second volume of a previous volume. The content of the manuscript is diverse. It discusses two types of love. Part one covers love of the truth (haqiqa) towards God's creation. Transcendental truth. Part two is the love for the loved one (Muhammad or another person) and love for women in the Islamic religious sense. Part 3 discusses the importance of spreading the Qur'anic speech towards converting people. Part 4 deals with the ways to differentiate a clean soul ('ruuhu laabdo'). In part four's discussion, the author pulls from the Qur'an and Hadith. Part 5 deals with how to remove confusion and to establish truth. Part 6 teaches life lessons inspired from Islam's model women such as Fatimah bint Rasoul, Mariam bint Imran, Assietu binti Muzahim, Khadija, and Aicha.Il s'agit d'une copie manuscrite d'un des disciples d'Al Hajj Umar Taal. Il s'agit d'une copie d'un livre écrit à l'origine par Muhammad bun Muhammad bun Al-Masrī. Le lieu d'écriture n'est pas mentionné. Le manuscrit est le deuxième volume d'un volume précédent. Le contenu du manuscrit est varié. Il discute de deux types d'amour. La première partie couvre l'amour de la vérité (haqiqa) envers la création de Dieu. Vérité transcendantale. La deuxième partie est l'amour pour l'être cher (Muhammad ou une autre personne) et l'amour pour les femmes au sens religieux islamique. La partie 3 discute de l'importance de diffuser le discours coranique pour convertir les gens. La quatrième partie traite des moyens de différencier une âme propre («ruuhu laabdo»). Dans la discussion de la quatrième partie, l'auteur s'inspire du Coran et du Hadith. La partie 5 traite de la façon d'éliminer la confusion et d'établir la vérité. La partie 6 enseigne des leçons de vie inspirées des femmes modèles de l'islam telles que Fatimah bint Rasoul, Mariam bint Imran, Assietu binti Muzahim, Khadija et Aicha
Anisong Manuscripts on the Bun Phawet Festivals in Laos: Studying the Relationship between Manuscripts and Sermons
No full textAnisong sermons describe meritorious rewards for attending annual Bun
Phawet chanting festivals (thet mahachat) and are performed during
rituals. The religious content of Anisong sermons differs from Bun Phawet
chanting itself: Bun Phawet chanting recites the story of Prince Vessantara
(phra wetsandòn), while Anisong sermons explain meritorious incentives
to listen to or join ritual chanting. As the texts of Anisong sermons are
not long, listening to them takes less time than to Bun Phawet chanting.
T
he corpus for this chapter comprises 10 manuscripts, containing texts
of Anisong, or meritorious rewards gained from attending Bun Phawet
chantings. Six of the manuscripts are kept in Luang Prabang, two in
Luang Namtha, and two in Paris.
The study of Anisong manuscripts focuses on such paratexts as
colophons, on the production process, and on the usage and storage of
manuscripts to explore the relationships between Anisong manuscripts
and sermons in Bun Phawet chanting festivals. Textual analysis is also
applied to trace these relationships. Different texts were written in
different styles, which reveal cultural perspectives. Manuscript analysis,
ritual analysis, and textual analysis are applied concurrently to study the
relationships between Anisong manuscripts and sermons
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