1,704 research outputs found
An LOH-mode electrophoresis diagram.
No full text<p>A) A representative laryngeal LOH-mode electrophoresis diagram at D5S592. B) A representative laryngeal LOH-mode electrophoresis diagram at D9S171. TP, primary tumour; TR, recurrent tumour; N, normal tissue. The arrow indicates the missing band. The normal tissue was derived from areas adjacent to the tumour and served as a control.</p
Integrating patient-based quality control and patient-based quality assurance
No full textLaboratory medicine produces objective data that healthcare workers interpret to aid clinical decision-making. Reliable laboratory results are required to avoid erroneous clinical decision-making. Internal quality control (IQC) and external quality assurance (EQA) are the primary tools used in clinical laboratories to reduce patient risk. An ideal quality monitoring tool should provide laboratory practitioners feedback regarding an error onset before the laboratory results can affect patient care. However, this is often challenging with the episodic nature of IQC and EQA testing.No Full Tex
Radiosensitivity and TP 53, EGFR amplification and LOH10 analysis of primary glioma cell cultures
No full textAim: Determination of in-vitro radiosensitivity and genetic alterations of cell cultures derived from human glioma biopsy tissue and established glioma cell lines. Material and Methods: Fresh brain tumor specimens of six patients were processed to early passage cell cultures. In addition the cell lines D 384 and Gli 6 were used. Cell cultures were irradiated with doses from 2 to 10 Gy. Following irradiation, cell survival was determined by clonogenic assay and survival curves were generated. The surviving fractions after 2 Gy (SF2) and 4 Gy (SF4) were used as radiosensitivity parameters. Genetic analysis included determination of the mutational and loss of heterozygosity (LOH) status of TP 53 (exons 5-8), the LOH 10- and epidermal growth factor receptor gene (EGFR) amplification status. Results: The SF2 and SF4 values ranged from 0.54 to 0.88 (mean: 0.70) and from 0.13 to 0.52 (mean: 0.32), respectively. Genetic alterations were found in the Gli 6 cell line and in two primary cell cultures. The genetic profile of Gh 6 showed LOH but no TP 53 mutation, complete LOH 10 and no EGFR amplification. The VU 15 cell culture showed TP 53 mutation but no LOH 10 or EGFR amplification, white VU 24 showed incomplete LOH 10, EGFR amplification and no TP 53 mutation. In the other four cell cultures and D 384 cell Line no genetic alterations were diagnosed. Histopathological classification of glioblastoma multiforme and/or genetic alterations resulted in lower radiosensitivity. Conclusion: In this small series of early passage glioma cell cultures tow radiosensitivity and alterations in cell regulatory genes were seen. Further testing of biological behavior in larger series of patient-derived material is ongoin
Relationship between biodistribution of a novel thymidine phosphorylase (TP) imaging probe and TP expression levels in normal mice
No full textObjective: Thymidine phosphorylase (TP) is a key enzyme in the pyrimidine nucleoside salvage pathway and its expression is upregulated in a wide variety of solid tumors. In mice, we previously observed high and specific accumulation levels of our TP imaging probe, radioiodinated 5-iodo-6-[(2-iminoimidazolidinyl)methyl]uracil (IIMU) not only in high-TP-expressing tumors, but also in the liver and small intestine. To clarify the reason for the high accumulation levels of radioiodinated IIMU in the liver and small intestine, we investigated the expression levels of TP in mice in comparison with the biodistribution of radioiodinated IIMU (123I-IIMU). Methods: BALB/cCrSlc mice were injected with 123I-IIMU, and the radioactivity levels [%ID/g (normalized to a mouse of 25 g body weight)] in the tissues of interest were determined 0.5, 1, 3 and 24 h after the injection (n = 5, each time point). To determine the expression levels of TP, BALB/cCrSlc and ddy mice (n = 3/each strain) were euthanized, and the heart, liver, lung, spleen, kidney, stomach, small intestine, large intestine and brain were collected. The mRNA and protein expression levels of TP in these organs were examined by quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and western blot analyses, respectively. Results: In BALB/cCrSlc mice administered 123I-IIMU, markedly high radioactivity levels were observed in the liver [1.568 ± 0.237 (%ID/g)] and small intestine [0.506 ± 0.082 (%ID/g)], whereas those in the other tissues were fairly low [<0.010 ± 0.003 (%ID/g)] 30 min after the injection. The highest expression levels of TP mRNA were also observed in the liver and small intestine among the tissues tested. Immunoblotting showed intense immunoreactive bands of the TP protein for the liver and small intestine, whereas no notable bands were detected for other tissues. Similar expression profiles of TP mRNA and protein were observed in ddy mice. Conclusion: We confirmed TP expression in various tissues of mice at the mRNA and protein levels: high TP expression levels were observed in the liver and small intestine. These high TP expression levels are consistent with the high accumulation levels of 123I-IIMU in these tissues. Our results may provide important information about the physiological accumulation of 123I-IIMU, which may be useful for the clinical diagnostic imaging of TP
Machine Learning for Clinical Chemists
No full textMedicine has traditionally relied on heuristic approaches in which knowledge is acquired through experience and self-learning. Pathology is information rich with quantitative and qualitative measurements such as history, images, and physiological data from which diagnosis and treatment decisions are made. This information is readily linked to patient outcome data and is therefore potentially invaluable in improving treatment. Thus, pathology is ripe for the application of tools that can effectively turn this information into wisdom.No Full Tex
Silicon nanoclusters containing nitrogen and sensitization of erbium luminescence in SiOx:Er
No full textSilicon-rich silica samples doped with erbium were grown by PECVD and characterized by photoluminescence, time-resolved photoluminescence and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. We observe that upon increased silicon content, the absorption spectrum reveals the formation of a SiN bond. This indicates the possible incorporation of nitrogen from the precursor NO gas into the Si nanoclusters. The highest erbium photoluminescence is obtained for the sample with the highest silicon content and its decay characteristics are nearly single exponential with a time constant of 5 ms. In addition to erbium emission, a visible luminescence peak at about 550 nm is observed. This shows multi-exponential decay kinetics with decay times of the order of 10 ns. We propose that this emission is due to small Si nanoclusters covered by a SiN shell. From the measurements, we study a mechanism to explain the erbium excitation in this material
TP-model transformation-based-control design frameworks
No full textThis book covers new aspects and frameworks of control, design, and optimization based on the TP model transformation and its various extensions. The author outlines the three main steps of polytopic and LMI based control design: 1) development of the qLPV state-space model, 2) generation of the polytopic model; and 3) application of LMI to derive controller and observer. He goes on to describe why literature has extensively studied LMI design, but has not focused much on the second step, in part because the generation and manipulation of the polytopic form was not tractable in many cases. The author then shows how the TP model transformation facilitates this second step and hence reveals new directions, leading to powerful design procedures and the formulation of new questions. The chapters of this book, and the complex dynamical control tasks which they cover, are organized so as to present and analyze the beneficial aspect of the family of approaches (control, design, and optimization). Additionally, the book aims to convey simple TP modeling; a new convex hull manipulation based possibilities for optimization; a general framework for stability analysis; standardized modeling and system description; relaxed and universal LMI based design framework; and a gateway to time-delayed systems
The prediction theory of stationary random fields. III. Fourfold Wold decompositions
No full textAbstractIn this paper, we investigate various fourfold Wold-type decompositions of stationary random fields under different hypotheses of commutation properties. Spectral characterizations of the three multiplicities of the innovation subspaces are obtained. The equivalence relations between the weak commutation property, fourfold Wold-type decomposition, and quarter-plane moving average representation are proved. A complete spectral characterization of the weak commutation property is also given
IGD-TP Competence Maintenance, Education and Training Strategy and Action Plan for 2013-2016: DELIVERABLE (D-N°:3.2) Work Package 3
No full textThe purpose of this document is to define how the working group on Competence Maintenance, Education and Training (CMET) can support the IGD-TP Vision "2025". Also it was and it is still intended for outlining the activities of this working group and Joint Activity (no 14) during 2013-2016. In connection with its Vision statement (IGD-TP 2009 Vision Report) the IGD-TP committed to among its other goals to "Facilitate access to expertise and technology and maintain competences in the field of geological disposal for the benefit of Member States". The CMET working group was established in 2012 when its first Terms of Reference (ToR) version was approved by the IGD-TP Executive Group (EG). During 2013-2015 resourcing to support the group was received under SecIGD2 project with the EURATOM FP7 grant and with a direct contribution from the IGD-TP Executive Group members. This document was planned for production already during the first SecIGD2 project year. It was to be based on the needs of the IGD-TP's Joint Activities that were already deployed or planned to start in 2012, and on the needs of the CMET group members. The role of CMET group was to address Competence Maintenance, Education and Training needs from the demand side. However, at the early stage of deployment, it was somewhat difficult to express or the identify competence gaps in the activities or they had already been identified and resourced at the beginning of the joint activity. Thus there was not adequate amount of input for the first CMET working group meeting as a direct basis for a strategy formulation beyond the action plan, which had been prepared for the SecIGD2 project proposal. The SecIGD2 project's Work Package 3 in the project's description of work (DoW) that was originally prepared in alignment with the CMET Terms of Reference included the main action plan for the CMET group. With the exception of this document, the actions foreseen to be carried out by the CMET in the action plan have been implemented according to the original timetable. The actions are described in this report and two other public project documents, which are included in this report's references. The CMET working group members have contributed to the content of this report either directly via email commenting or by participating in the work group meeting discussion providing input to this report. The editors mentioned on this report's front page have been the persons who have produced this report document itself. The document represents the views of the authors and of the CMET working group. This document does not represent the views of the IGD-TP Executive Group.Geo-engineerin
Advances in clinical chemistry patient-based real-time quality control (PBRTQC)
No full textPatient-Based Real-Time Quality Control involves monitoring an assay using patient samples rather than external material. If the patient population does not change, then a shift in the long-term assay population results represents the introduction of a change in the assay. The advantages of this approach are that the sample(s) are commutable, it is inexpensive, the rules are simple to interpret and there is virtually continuous monitoring of the assay. The disadvantages are that the laboratory needs to understand their patient population and how they may change during the day, week or year and the initial change of mindset required to adopt the system. The concept is not new, having been used since the 1960s and widely adopted on hematology analyzers in the mid-1970s. It was not widely used in clinical chemistry as there were other stable quality control materials available. However, the limitations of conventional quality control approaches have become more evident. There is a greater understanding of how to collect and use patient data in real time and a range of powerful algorithms which can identify changes in assays. There are more assays on more samples being run. There is also a greater interest in providing a theoretical basis for the validation and integration of these techniques into routine practice.No Full Tex
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