1,721,082 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Comunicare cattive notizie in odontoiatria
No full textOBJECTIVESCommunicating bad news is a difficult and stressful task for all healthcare professionals, including dentists. Effective communication of bad news is essential as it promotes better acceptance of the disease, improved adaptation and decreased stress in the patient. Learning how to give bad news effectively is, therefore, an important part of clinical work. However, specific training on breaking bad news is not common. A versatile, validated and learnable strategy is the S-P-I-K-E-S protocol developed by Buckman. The aim of this article is to illustrate the application of this protocol in the dental field. Firstly, it is necessary to underline that breaking bad news is a complex task and the clinician may encounter many difficulties including the fear of causing pain, an erroneous perception of failure, the unpredictability of the patient's reactions, the inability to provide a treatment plan. Such difficulties can lead to delays in communication or even to the communication of partial and misleading information. Another important aspect is the definition of bad news, which is not objectively identifiable but depends on the patient's expectations. Therefore, a wide range of clinical situations can be considered as bad news and it must be taken into account that patients and dentists view on what can be considered as negative may differ significantly.MATERIALS AND METHODSThe SPIKES protocol includes 6 steps for the communication of bad news: Setting (prepare of the context in which the bad news will be given); Perception (assess the patient's degree of awareness of the situation); Invitation (invite the patient to explain what he would like to know about the diagnosis and prognosis); Knowledge (provide useful information taking into account the patient's needs); Emotion and empathy (facilitate the expression of emotions and respond to them empathetically); Summarize and strategize (define an action strategy with the patient, summarizing the highlights and checking understanding).RESULTSThe SPIKES protocol provides a set of essential and flexible guidelines for breaking bad news appropriate to the dental context. These guidelines allow the dentist to respond to the patient's needs in a personalized and person-centred way.CONCLUSIONSKnowledge of the SPIKES protocol is fundamental in dental clinical practice. However, in addition to the knowledge of the protocol, continuous training based on active and experiential methods is needed to internalize the most effective way to communicate bad news. Furthermore, research in the dental field is needed to understand the experience of the dentist and to investigate specific aspects of communicating bad news in this clinical setting
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
The controversial natural history of oral herpes simplex virus type 1 infection
Get PDFThe natural history of oral herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) infection in the immunocompetent host is complex and rich in controversial phenomena, namely the role of unapparent transmission in primary infection acquisition, the high frequency of asymptomatic primary and recurrent infections, the lack of immunogenicity of HSV-1 internalized in the soma (cell body) of the sensory neurons of the trigeminal ganglion, the lytic activity of HSV-1 in the soma of neurons that is inhibited in the sensory neurons of the trigeminal ganglion and often uncontrolled in the other neurons, the role of keratin in promoting the development of recurrence episodes in immunocompetent hosts, the virus–host Nash equilibrium, the paradoxical HSV-1-seronegative individuals who shed HSV-1 through saliva, the limited efficacy of anti-HSV vaccines, and why the oral route of infection is the least likely to produce severe complications. The natural history of oral HSV-1 infection is also a history of symbiosis between humans and virus that may switch from mutualism to parasitism and vice versa. This balance is typical of microorganisms that are highly coevolved with humans, and its knowledge is essential to oral healthcare providers to perform adequate diagnosis and provide proper individual-based HSV-1 infection therapy
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Prevalence of Candida Species in Endodontic Infections : Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
No full textIntroduction: Candida in endodontic infections has been investigated in a large number of studies, but its role as an endodontic pathogen is still debatable. The aim of this study was to systematically review the literature on the prevalence of Candida species in root canal infections. Methods: Extensive literature research was performed in the most important electronic biomedical databases, and additional studies have been identified from references from relevant articles. Studies were critically appraised using a modified version of the Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal Checklist. Results: From 2225 unique records, 2118 were excluded on the basis of title and abstract. Of the remaining 107 studies, 50 were excluded after full-text review, and 57 were included for qualitative and quantitative analysis. The overall prevalence of Candida spp. in root canal infections was 8.20% (95% confidence interval, 5.56%–11.21%). Candida albicans was the most frequently isolated species. Significant heterogeneity among studies was observed (P <.001, I2 = 86.07%). Subgroup analyses revealed a higher prevalence of Candida spp. from African samples. All studies considered, a high or unclear risk of bias was prevalent regarding 6 out of the 8 items considered in the critical appraisal. Conclusions: Candida spp. occurred in a small proportion of root canal infections. Further and better designed research is needed to investigate the real contribution of Candida spp. to the microbial ecology in infected root canals
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