469 research outputs found
Book review: crashed: how a decade of financial crises changed the world by Adam Tooze (part 2)
No full textIn Crashed: How a decade of financial crises changed the world, author Adam Tooze proposes a remarkably consistent narrative of the 2008 financial crisis and its political, geopolitical consequences - one that attempts a coherent interpretation of the global and European crises. In part two of his review of this seminal work, Shahin Vallée examines Tooze's take on the crisis of transatlantic finance and the existential crisis for Europe that ensued
Book review: crashed: how a decade of financial crises changed the world by Adam Tooze (part 1)
No full textIn Crashed: How a decade of financial crises changed the world, author Adam Tooze proposes a remarkably consistent narrative of the 2008 financial crisis and its political, geopolitical consequences - one that attempts a coherent interpretation of the global and European crises. In part one of his review of this seminal work, Shahin Vallée examines Tooze's take on the collapse of the financial system, and saving the economy at the cost of our politics
Egypt's Moment of Reform: A Reality or Illusion? CEPS Policy Brief No. 78, July 2005
No full textIn this Policy Brief, Prof. Emad El-Din Shahin of the American University in Cairo assesses the prospects for the democratic reform movement in Egypt ahead of the parliamentary and presidential elections due to take place in the autumn. At stake are not only greater public freedoms demanded by the people, but also the prospect of a hereditary succession to the presidency if the regime governed by President Hosni Mubarak (and progressively his son Gamal) is successful in scuppering change. The author concludes that, to overcome the numerous challenges that the democratic movement faces and make reform a reality instead of yet another missed opportunity, certain structural changes and institutional safeguards should be introduced
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The Impact of HIV and Antiretroviral Therapy on Cardiovascular Diseases in Sub-Saharan Africa
No full textIncreased access to antiretroviral therapy (ART) for people living with HIV (PLWH) has substantially improved survival in countries with a high prevalence of HIV. With better survival, PLWH in sub-Saharan Africa now live to ages that are associated with an increased risk of non-communicable disease (NCDs). Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) constitute a large proportion of these NCDs partly due to the effects of HIV and antiretroviral treatment (ART) on metabolic risk factors like body mass index, blood pressure, cholesterol and diabetes. This dissertation uses quantitative methods to explore the impact of HIV and ART on cardiovascular diseases and its risk factors among PLWH from sub-Saharan Africa in the ART era.
The methods used are guided by the causal relationships that HIV and ART have with metabolic risk factors and cardiovascular diseases, and the dissertation constitutes of three papers that analyze different parts of these relationships. In paper one, I used data from public facilities in Tanzania to assess the incidence and risk factors of overweight and obesity after initiation of ART. In the second paper, I conducted a meta-analysis to quantify the effect of treated HIV on cardiovascular diseases that is independent of metabolic risk factors, and the percent of excess risk of CVD that mediated through metabolic risk factors. In the third paper, I used individual-level data on metabolic risk-factors, population-level data on HIV prevalence and ART coverage, estimates on the impact of HIV on metabolic risk factors and on CVD, and a CVD risk prediction model to quantify the proportion of PLWH in Uganda with raised blood pressure and high total cholesterol and each individual’s 10-year risk of CVD (stroke and coronary heart disease).
Together, these three papers, provide insights on how HIV and ART affect CVD risk and on the progression of PLWH in sub-Saharan Africa to HIV-CVD comorbid states. I show that clinical and public health interventions for controlling metabolic risk factors cannot adequately prevent cardiovascular diseases among PLWH, and that despite the growing burden of these diseases in PLWH, the burden is much bigger among HIV-uninfected individuals due to larger population figures.Global Health and Populatio
A tale of two tragedies: culpability and innocence in American journalism
No full textPublished in: Journalism Practice, 2019, Vol. 13, No. 8, 931-935
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The Neurodevelopment and Mental Health of Children Affected by HIV in Sub-Saharan Africa
No full textThis dissertation assesses neurodevelopment in children affected by HIV in Botswana, by examining associations between a range of factors and neurodevelopmental outcomes at 24 months of age and adjusting for potential confounders through linear regression. We followed children from birth to approximately 24 months to assess their neurodevelopment with an adapted version of Bayley Scales of Infant Development third edition (BSIDIII: cognitive, gross motor, fine motor, expressive and receptive language domains) and with the Development Milestones Checklist (DMC: locomotor, fine motor, language and personal-social domains), a parent-completed questionnaire. Chapter I compares neurodevelopment between HIV-exposed uninfected (HEU) children whose mothers took antenatal 3-drug combination antiretroviral therapy (ART) vs. zidovudine (ZDV) within a prospective study, nested within two cohorts of HIV-infected mothers and their children in Botswana (one observational, one interventional). We observed that neurodevelopmental outcomes at 24 months of age were generally at least as good among HEU children exposed in utero to ART when compared to those exposed in utero to ZDV. Chapter II compares neurodevelopment between HEU vs. HIV-unexposed uninfected (HUU) children in Botswana, within a prospective observational study. We observed that neurodevelopmental outcomes at 24 months among HEU children were generally as good as those among unexposed children. Results from Chapter I and II provide reassurance, easing concerns that HIV or ARV-exposure may detrimentally affect neurodevelopment in young children. Chapter III examines the potential of a family-based intervention for use in reducing harmful alcohol use and intimate partner violence, to protect and promote child mental health, within families affected by HIV in Rwanda. Quantitative data from a randomized controlled trial (RCT) were analyzed to demonstrate significant reductions in alcohol-use and intimate partner violence within HIV-affected families receiving the intervention, when compared to control families. Quantitative and qualitative data from the RCT, were integrated using a mixed-method approach, and support the potential of family-based interventions to reduce adverse caregiver behaviors as a major mechanism for improving child well-being, for families affected by HIV in Sub-Saharan Africa.Neurodevelopment Children HIV Antiretroviral Materna
Detecting and Localizing Differences in Functional Time Series Dynamics: A Case Study in Molecular Biophysics
No full text© 2016 The Author(s). Association of American Geographers © Shahin Tavakoli and Victor Panaretos. Motivated by the problem of inferring the molecular dynamics of DNA in solution, and linking them with its base-pair composition, we consider the problem of comparing the dynamics of functional time series (FTS), and of localizing any inferred differences in frequency and along curvelength. The approach we take is one of Fourier analysis, where the complete second-order structure of the FTS is encoded by its spectral density operator, indexed by frequency and curvelength. The comparison is broken down to a hierarchy of stages: at a global level, we compare the spectral density operators of the two FTS, across frequencies and curvelength, based on a Hilbert–Schmidt criterion; then, we localize any differences to specific frequencies; and, finally, we further localize any differences along the length of the random curves, that is, in physical space. A hierarchical multiple testing approach guarantees control of the averaged false discovery rate over the selected frequencies. In this sense, we are able to attribute any differences to distinct dynamic (frequency) and spatial (curvelength) contributions. Our approach is presented and illustrated by means of a case study in molecular biophysics: how can one use molecular dynamics simulations of short strands of DNA to infer their temporal dynamics at the scaling limit, and probe whether these depend on the sequence encoded in these strands? Supplementary materials for this article are available online
Nailəxanım muzeyi təqdim edir: “Tarixdə iz salan, Azərbaycan mədəniyyətinə töhfə verən qadınlar” seriyasının növbəti kitabları “Taclı xanım”
No full textThe 9th book of the series (edited by Hamlet Isakhanli) titled " Tajli Khanim " was published by Khazar University Publishing House. The author of the book is Shahin Fazil and Hamlet Isakhanli
RETRACTED: Fostering health advocacy: Unveiling educational impact on testicular cancer awareness in male university students – Health belief model and social support strategy in a groundbreaking Pre-Post Quasi-Experimental study
No full textThis article has been retracted: please see Elsevier Policy on Article Withdrawal (https://www.elsevier.com/about/policies/article-withdrawal).This article has been retracted at the request of at the request of Editors-in-Chief.In investigating concerns brought up regarding the article, the editor reached out to the corresponding author for an explanation. The corresponding author failed to provide a satisfactory explanation to the points raised.Post-publication, the Editors-in-Chief discovered suspicious changes in authorship between the original submission and the revised version of this paper, which is contrary to the journal policy on changes to authorship. Below changes were made during revision and proof submission.New authors added: Amirat A Al-Sabeely, Ishraga A. Mohamed, Marwa A. Shahin, Ali D Abousoliman, Laila Zeidan Ghazy Mohammed.Author removed: donia elsaid fathi zaghamirTherefore, the Editors-in-Chief have lost confidence in the reliability of the article and determined that the paper should be retracted
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