71,068 research outputs found
Cognitivismo ético: a fundamentação dos conceitos morais em Locke
Full text linkTese (doutorado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Filosofia e Ciências Humanas. Programa de Pós-Graduação em FilosofiaEsta tese aborda o problema dos fundamentos dos conceitos morais na obra de John Locke. Aparentemente, Locke teria dois projetos irreconciliáveis para fundamentar a moral, um não-cognitivista e o outro cognitivista. Após caracterizarmos os dois projetos, defendemos que há um engano de interpretação, porque Locke tem um único projeto dividido em duas partes que se complementam para fundamentar a moral. O conceito de lei natural está sempre presente. O projeto centra-se na ideia da existência de Deus e da lei natural, aliada à razão humana. O cognitivismo ético de Locke emerge como uma consequência da sua defesa de que o entendimento pode construir as ideias a partir do acesso ao conhecimento da essência real e da essência nominal dos modos mistos. Por isso, os conceitos morais são reais e objetivos. Por conseguinte, o subjetivismo e o ceticismo éticos foram dissolvidos. Defendemos também que as ações humanas são consideradas morais, somente em comparação com as ideias de lei e não em comparação com as ideias das sensações de prazer e de dor. Com isso, as interpretações hedonistas que atribuem ao pensamento lockeano foram revisitadas e harmonizadasThis thesis approaches the problem about the fundamentals of the moral concepts in John Locke#s writings. Seemingly, Locke would have two irreconcilable projects to fundament morality, one noncognitive and the other cognitive. After having characterized the two projects, one defends that there is a misinterpretation since Locke has a unique project split in two parts, which complement each other in order to fundament morality. The concept of natural law is always present. The project concerns about the idea of God existence and the natural law associated with the human reason. Locke#s ethical cognitivism emerges as a consequence of his defense of the idea that the understanding can construct ideas from the knowledge access of the real essence and the nominal essence of the mixed modes. Thereupon, the moral concepts are real and objective. Consequently, the moral subjectivism and ceticism were dissolved. One also defends that human actions are considered moral, only in comparison with the law ideas and not in comparison with the ideas of the pain and pleasure sensation. Therefore, the hedonist interpretation attributed to the thought of Locke were revisited and harmonize
Os mecanismos do poder e a consciência moral: razão e história em Locke
Full text linkDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Filosofia e Ciências Humanas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Filosofia, Florianópolis, 2014.A presente pesquisa trata da fundamentação da moralidade em Locke. Procuramos mostrar como é possível interpretá-lo de maneira sistemática, articulando as três leis fundamentais da moralidade (a lei natural, a lei de reputação, e a lei civil),contra o que é sugerido pela literatura secundária (Jorge Filho, Bobbio, Macpherson, Laslett, por exemplo), na qual comumente se sustenta a tese de que são leis incompatíveis de fundamentação da moralidade, não coordenadas em um sistema coerente.Abstract : The present research treats of the grounding of morality in Locke. It`s intended to show how is possible construe his philosophy in a systematic way, in articulating the three main moral laws (the natural law, the law of opinion, and the civil law), against a common place of the secondary literature (Jorge Filho, Macpherson, Laslett, for example), in which the thesis that affirms them as incompatible grounding laws of morality is commonly maintained, not coordinated in a consistent system
JOHN LOCKE AFTER 300 YEARS
Full text linkJohn Locke was a seminal figure in political philosophy and political economy and this year marks the tercentenary of his death. The paper focuses on the classical liberal interpretation of Locke. In this view, Locke defends individualism, natural rights (especially to property) and minimal government. After sketching this interpretation, I will present some extensions and applications of that interpretation. With this background in mind, I then turn to the views of critics who have claimed that Locke's individualism has been exaggerated and that Lockean rights are not absolute (they must be balanced against duties). Then I address the view of those who see Locke as a defender not of minimal government but of a more muscular (albeit limited) government. I then provide a brief conclusion.Political Economy,
Personal identity and human animals: a new history and theory
Full text linkThe contemporary personal identity debate has divided into two entrenched positions. One supports the supposedly naive and unpopular Bodily Criterion (the view that personal identity requires physical continuity). The other school is the Psychological Criterion (the view that personal identity requires psychological continuity). This has acquired the status of virtual orthodoxy. The British Empiricists, John Locke and David Hume, are both supposed to give historical weight to this orthodoxy. This thesis argues this is a dramatic misrepresentation of history. Locke is supposed to found the personal identity debate in his Essay Concerning Human Understanding, arguing that personal identity is sameness of consciousness. It is argued that Locke in fact responds to a prevalent Cartesian View, called here the Compositional Account. The Compositional Account is the belief that a Human Being is composed of a Mind and a Body. Hume, in responding to Locke, is also responding to the Compositional Account. In opposition to widely established readings both philosophers are argued to be highly sympathetic to the Compositional Account. Chapter 1 establishes Descartes' version of the Compositional Account and explains why Descartes needs no philosophical treatment of personal identity. These problems emerge only for the Empiricists, Locke and Hume. Locke's sympathies for the Compositional Account are established in Chapter 2, drawing on material prior to the Essay and normally uncited passages in the Essay. Chapter 3 argues that Hume presumed the Compositional Account in his Treatise Concerning Human Nature. This is argued to explain Hume's famous later recantation of his theory. The thesis concludes by sketching a role for the Compositional Account in contemporary debate. The Compositional Account is argued to give strong support to a recently developed position known as Animalism. This provides the conceptual materials to move beyond the orthodox dichotomy between the Bodily Criterion and the Psychological Criterion
A correspondência entre Locke e Molyneux
No full textA correspondência entre J. Locke e W. Molyneux é conhecida principalmente como a fonte da famosa questão relativa ao que pode ser aprendido por um homem cego de nascença e que depois ganha a visão. Curiosamente, a correspondência oferece muito pouco esclarecimento sobre a questão. Outros tópicos importantes, entretanto, são apontados e explorados: entusiasmo pela obra de Malebranche, liberdade e responsabilidade, identidade pessoal, etc. Além disso, a correspondência oferece um conhecimento profundo da recepção histórica do Ensaio de Locke, como estes dois correspondentes, que tinham obviamente muita simpatia um para com o outro, discutem a tradução da obra de Locke, suas futuras edições, e as críticas feitas a ela por Synge, King, Sergeant, Stllingfleet, Leibniz, etc
The selected political writings of John Locke : texts, background selections, sources, interpretations /
No full textCollects the political texts of seventeenth-century philosopher John Locke, and includes biographical information as well as explanatory annotations.Includes bibliographical references.The selected political writings of John Locke. Two treatises on government ; The second treatise of government ; A letter concerning toleration. -- Background selections. Essays on the law of nature (1663-64) ; An essay concerning human understanding (1671-90) ; from The reasonableness of Christianity (1695). -- Sources. Richard Hooker -- Of the laws of ecclesiastical polity (1593) ; Hugo Grotius -- On the law of war and peace (1625) ; Thomas Hobbes -- Leviathan (1651) ; Samuel von Pufendorf -- On the law of nature and of nations (1672) ; Sir Robert Filmer -- Patriarcha or the natural power of kings defending against the unnatural liberty of the people (1680).Interpretations. Locke as Hobbesian hedonist: Leo Strauss -- from Natural rights and history, John Yolton -- Strauss on Locke's Law of nature, A. John Simmons -- from The Lockean theory of rights ; Locke as apologist for capitalism: C.B. Macpherson -- Locke and possessive individualism, Alan Ryan -- Locke and the dictatorship of the bourgeoisie ; Equality and majority rule in Locke: Paul E. Sigmund -- Equality, legitimacy, and majority rule in Locke: continuity and change, Jeremy Waldron -- from God, Locke, and equality ; Locke as collectivist: James Tully -- Property and obligation to Locke, Jeremy Waldron -- Locke's discussion of property ; Lockean individualism: atomistic or social?: Charles Taylor -- The "punctual" self: Locke and atomistic instrumentalism, Ruth Grant -- Locke's political anthropology and Lockean individualism ; Consent and representation: genuine or fictitious? A. John Simmons -- The meaning of consent in Locke, Geraint Parry -- Locke on representation in politics ; Locke as a revolutionary?: Richard Ashcraft -- Radicalism and Lockean political theory, Mark Goldie -- Conservative revolutionary or social democrat? ; Religion and politics: W.M. Spellman -- Locke and original sin, John Dunn -- The claim to freedom of conscience: freedom of speech, freedom of thought, freedom or worship, David Wootton -- An evaluation of Locke's argument against persecution ; Women and slavery: liberal or conservative?: James Farr -- "So vile and miserable an estate": the problem of slavery in Locke's political thought, Melissa Butler -- Early liberal roots of feminism: John Locke and the attack on patriarchy ; Locke in America: Steven M. Dworetz -- Locke, liberalism, and the American Revolution.Collects the political texts of seventeenth-century philosopher John Locke, and includes biographical information as well as explanatory annotations.De Graeve, Dori
Patriarcalismo e liberdade: nota sobre a polêmica Locke-Filmer
Full text linkOs “Dois Tratados sobre o Governo”, de John Locke, têm um papel de destaque na filosofia política das luzes. Nele, ao afirmar as idéias de liberdade e igualdade naturais dos homens, o autor mina as bases do pensamento absolutista. Se é no Segundo Tratado que o autor estabelece de modo mais evidente sua teoria política, é importante notar que o pressuposto lógico desta obra é o Primeiro Tratado sobre o Governo, texto menos conhecido e estudado pela história da filosofia, no qual Locke refuta de forma minuciosa as idéias de Robert Filmer, sistematizador da doutrina patriarcalista e do direito divino dos reis. Ao rejeitar argumentos de Filmer, Locke mostra que o poder político não se constitui apenas de vontade, mas envolve consenso, lei e entendimento. O objetivo aqui é mostrar que a discussão do patriarcalismo é um passo relevante na construção da teoria política lockiana
Design techniques and noise properties of ultrastable cryogenically cooled sapphire-dielectric resonator oscillators
No full textAbstract not availableC. R. Locke, E. N. Ivanov, J. G. Hartnett, P. L. Stanwix, and M. E. Toba
John Locke: un'antropologia della ragionevolezza
No full textIl capitolo delinea il pensiero di John Locke da un punto di vista antropologico. Limite e ragionevolezza sono i due criteri adottati per definire il perimetro della conoscenza umana, le condizioni di possibilità della vita morale e politica, le diverse modalità di convivere tra diversi
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