1,721,043 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Synthesis and Analysis of Chlorinated Paraffins as Reference Standards
Full text linkPersistent organic pollutants (POPs) are synthetic chemicals that persist in nature over time and lead to adverse effects towards humans and the environment. Due to their concerning properties, such as persistency, toxicity and bioaccumulation potential, these chemicals must be monitored and restricted to avoid cumulative concentrations in the environment. Consequently, during the Stockholm Convention of 2004, a treaty was signed to reduce or ban the production of POPs. Amongst the currently listed chemicals are a multitude of chlorinated pesticides and insecticides, short-chain chlorinated paraffins (SCCPs, C10-13), polychlorinated biphenyls and perfluorooctanoic acid. After receiving heavy restriction on their production and export, SCCPs were substituted with medium-chain chlorinated paraffins (MCCPs, C14-17) and long-chain chlorinated paraffins (LCCPs, C≥18). Higher concentrations of MCCPs and LCCPs were subsequently observed in the environment.
In order to enforce the Stockholm Convention, effective methods for monitoring the environmental concentrations of SCCPs are required. Furthermore, monitoring of MCCPs and LCCPs is highly desirable, given their candidate-status for classification as POPs. Analysis of chlorinated paraffins (CPs) is inhibited by both the enormous number of components present in the mixtures and the lack of suitable reference standards.
Through the four publications described herein, we sought to expand the methodology available for the production and analysis of constitutionally defined CPs. Moreover, we sought to synthesise reference standards that were more suitable for CP analysis than those already available. In publications I and II, we described the synthesis of constitutionally defined CP standards, including both non-isotopically enriched reference materials and 13C-labelled internal standards. During publication III we investigated the stereochemistry of the isomer mixture obtained after dichlorination of alkenes. Finally, publication IV encompassed one novel method to calculate the chlorine percentage of both complex and single-chain mixtures, as well as two further methods for calculating the chlorine percentage of single-chain mixtures, inspired by a pre-existing model.Fulltext not availabl
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Four different benzimidazoles as treatment against Encephalitozoon cuniculi infection in rabbits and how they may bind to β-tubulin
No full textEncephalitozoon cuniculi infeksjon i kjæledyr- og laboratoriekaniner er et pågående problem som kan føre til alvorlig sykdom og død hos kaninene. Behandling av den parasittiske infeksjonen innebærer hovedsakelig doser av benzimidazoler, mer spesifikt metyl 2-benzimidazol karbamater, for å stoppe eller redusere infeksjonen. Bindingssetet til benzimidazoler og virkningsmekanismen er ukjent og en bedre forståelse av dette kan hjelpe å finne nye benzimidazoler med en bedre effekt enn de som er brukt i dag. Fenbendazol er det anbefalte medikamentet mot parasitten i kaniner mens albendazol har embryotoksisk og teratogen effekt og er derfor ikke anbefalt. Fenbendazol og albendazol metaboliserer til forbindelser som reduserer spredning av E. cuniculi. Det er mangel på studier som ser på effekten av oxibendazol og tiabendazol (tiabendazol er ikke en karbamat) på E. cuniculi
The antihypertensive activity of benzimidazoles and the binding of its derivatives to the AT1 receptor
No full textFor å undersøke den antihypertensive effekten til benzimidazol derivater og effekten av ulike substituenter, på benzimidazol kjernemolekylet, på den antihypertensive effekten vil denne oppgaven se på bindingen av inverse agonister og agonister til AT1 reseptoren. Den sammenlikner også reseptoraffiniteten, invers agonistisk aktivitet og den antihypertensive effekten til to klinisk godkjente antihypertensive medikamenter, azilsartan og candesartan. Effekten av ulike substituenter er undersøkt i diskusjonen, sammen med effekten av de ulike funksjonelle gruppene til azilsartan og candesrtan på den antihypertensive effekten til stoffene
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
The antihypertensive activity of benzimidazoles and the binding of its derivatives to the AT1 receptor
Full text linkFor å undersøke den antihypertensive effekten til benzimidazol derivater og effekten av ulike substituenter, på benzimidazol kjernemolekylet, på den antihypertensive effekten vil denne oppgaven se på bindingen av inverse agonister og agonister til AT1 reseptoren. Den sammenlikner også reseptoraffiniteten, invers agonistisk aktivitet og den antihypertensive effekten til to klinisk godkjente antihypertensive medikamenter, azilsartan og candesartan. Effekten av ulike substituenter er undersøkt i diskusjonen, sammen med effekten av de ulike funksjonelle gruppene til azilsartan og candesrtan på den antihypertensive effekten til stoffene.To examine the antihypertensive effects of benzimidazole derivatives and the effect of different substituents, on the benzimidazole core, on the antihypertensive effect this paper looks at the binding of inverse agonists and agonists to the AT1 receptor. It also compares the affinity to the receptor, the inverse agonistic activity, and the antihypertensive effects of two clinically approved antihypertensive drugs azilsartan and candesartan. The effect of different substitutents is examined in the discussion, as well as the effect of the different functional groups of azilsartan and candesartan on the antihypertensive effect of the compounds
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