3,120 research outputs found
Education and earnings inequality in Mexico
No full textEducation attainment levels increased dramatically for Mexico's labor force in the 1980s and early 1990s. In parallel, the country experienced a pronounced increase in earnings inequality from 1984-94, reflected in a higher dispersion of wages and an absolute decline in the real incomes of less educated, poorer Mexicans. This increased wage dispersion presents policymakers with a tradeoff between efficiency considerations (favoring increased spending on higher education) and equity considerations (favoring a more equal distribution of per student spending) in the allocation of fiscal resources to education. The author concludes that the best way to deal with this equity-efficiency tradeoff is to encourage greater private participation in higher education. His main findings are that: a) The accumulation of human capital during 1984-94, as proxied by education attainment, was accompanied by a more equal distribution of education attainment levels over that period and, thus, exerted an equalizing effect on the distribution of incomes. The increased income inequalityobserved over that period appears to be caused by an increased rate of skill-based technological change, whose transmission to Mexico and other developing countries may have been facilitated by the increased openness of their economies. b) The greater dispersion of wager observed in Mexico during the past decade raised the rates of return on investing in higher education, reversing the traditional pattern where primary education exhibits the highest rates of return. c) The social rates of return across levels of schooling were more uniform in 1994 than in 1984, suggesting a more efficient assignment of education spending. At the same time, the distribution of spending on education became more egalitarian, as per student spending in higher education declined markedly compared with per student spending at the primary level. This surprising coincidence in the pattern of spending on education was only possible because Mexico started out with a very distorted resource allocation in education that was both highly inequitable and inefficient. As Mexico's policymakers are on the way to correcting these distortions, the opportunities for avoiding the equity-efficiency tradeoff within Mexico's centralized education framework will become progressively exhausted. d) There is little reason to expect the pace of technological change, which appears mainly responsible for raising wage dispersion and the relative returns on higher education, to abate. Efficiency considerations dictate that Mexico should respond by devoting more resources to higher education. However, the federal budget, which traditionally has financed the lion's share of higher education costs in Mexico, is unable to accommodate additional spending on higher education, while spending cuts elsewhere in the education sector are bound to raise serious equity questions. Thus, to avoid falling behind in terms of human capital accumulation, greater private sector participation is necessary, at least, in terms of cost recovery from the main beneficiaries of higher education.Decentralization,Teaching and Learning,Environmental Economics&Policies,Public Health Promotion,Curriculum&Instruction,Teaching and Learning,Environmental Economics&Policies,Health Monitoring&Evaluation,Gender and Education,Curriculum&Instruction
African origin of the malaria parasite Plasmodium vivax.
No full textPlasmodium vivax is the leading cause of human malaria in Asia and Latin America but is absent from most of central Africa due to the near fixation of a mutation that inhibits the expression of its receptor, the Duffy antigen, on human erythrocytes. The emergence of this protective allele is not understood because P. vivax is believed to have originated in Asia. Here we show, using a non-invasive approach, that wild chimpanzees and gorillas throughout central Africa are endemically infected with parasites that are closely related to human P. vivax. Sequence analyses reveal that ape parasites lack host specificity and are much more diverse than human parasites, which form a monophyletic lineage within the ape parasite radiation. These findings indicate that human P. vivax is of African origin and likely selected for the Duffy-negative mutation. All extant human P. vivax parasites are derived from a single ancestor that escaped out of Africa
Sensor modeling for the virtual autonomous navigation environment
No full textThe Virtual Autonomous Navigation Environment (VANE) is a high fidelity, physics-based simulation process that produces realistic simulated sensor output for use in the development and testing of Autonomous Mobility Systems (AMS). The VANE produces simulated sensor output for ranging and camera sensors that are characterized by a few easily determined input parameters. This flexibility allows for the efficient characterization of a sensor interaction with a particular AMS. This paper presents the development of these models and some initial results
Uncovering and Predicting Human Behaviors
No full text© 2001-2011 IEEE. This installment of Trends & Controversies provides an array of perspectives on the latest research in modeling user behavior. Peng Cui, Huan Liu, Charu Aggarwal, and Fei Wang introduce the field in 'Uncovering and Predicting Human Behaviors.' The essays included are 'Computational Modeling of Complex User Behaviors: Challenges and Opportunities,' by Peng Cui, Huan Liu, Charu Aggarwal, and Fei Wang; 'Non-IID Recommendation Theories and Systems,' by Longbing Cao and Philip S. Yu; 'User Behavior Modeling and Fraud Detection,' by Alex Beutel and Christos Faloutsos; and 'Transfer Learning for Behavior Prediction,' by Weike Pan and Qiang Yang
Examining Patterns of Air Quality Perception: A Cluster Analysis for Southern Chilean Cities
No full textThe author(s) disclosed receipt of the following financial support for the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article: The authors would like to thank their funders; the Comision Nacional de Investigacion Cientifica y Tecnologica (CONICYT), Chile [grant numbers: FONDECYT 11150262; FONDECYT 1190412]; the Direccion de Investigacion (DIUFRO), Universidad de la Frontera, Chile
Trade Update Notes; Report of the Task Force on The Aggregate Measure of Support: Potential Use by GATT for Agriculture
No full textInternational Relations/Trade,
Tensiones y altibajos en la estética urbana y la comunicación musical. El caso de Alex Lora y “EL TRI”
No full textResumen En este texto realizamos un acercamiento realizamos una resumen de las contribuciones al rock mexicano del cantan autor Alex Lora, vocalista y creador del grupo "EL TRI". Para contextualizar el trabajo hacemos un breve resumen de algunos momentos dentro del rock mexicano, sobre todo en la década de los ochenta, para luego comentar algunos aspectos dentro de la extensísima discografía de Lora de la que definimos su contribución dentro del rock urbano. En la segunda parte destacamos dos aspectos de la estética urbana de Lora: la construcción de uno de los principales sujetos discursivos en sus letras, la niñez y adolescencia del submundo urbano, y la construcción de un tipo de ciudad con las paradojas y contradicciones que nos parece identificar. Definimos que la relación de Lora con el rock, sin negar su gran capacidad comunicativa, es una "tensa sintonía" entre aquello que reivindicaba en su producción de los setenta o parte de los ochenta, y la funcionalidad y adaptación de su imagen pública dentro de los grandes medios masivos, lo que parece en parte contradecir algunas de sus composiciones. Resumo Neste artigo é feita uma abordagem que fazer um resumo das contribuições para a rocha mexicana cantar autor Alex Lora, cantor e criador do grupo "EL TRI". Para contextualizar o trabalho é um breve resumo de alguns momentos do rock mexicana, especialmente na década de oitenta, em seguida, discutir alguns aspectos dentro do muito extensa discografia de Lora a partir da qual podemos definir a sua contribuição na rocha urbano. Na segunda parte, destacamos dois aspectos da estética urbana de Lora: a construção de um dos principais assuntos discursivas em suas letras, crianças e adolescentes do submundo urbano, ea construção de um tipo de cidade com os paradoxos e contradições que nós parece identificar. Nós definimos a relação de Lora com o rock, sem negar suas grandes habilidades de comunicação, é uma "linha apertada" entre o reivindicado em setenta produção ou parte da década de oitenta, e funcionalidade e adaptação de sua imagem pública dentro a grande mídia de massa, o que parece contradizer parcialmente algumas de suas composições. Summary In this paper we made an approach we make a summary of the contributions to the Mexican rock sing author Alex Lora, singer and creator of the group "EL TRI". To contextualize the work is a brief summary of some moments in Mexican rock, especially in the eighties, then discuss some aspects within the very extensive discography of Lora from which we define its contribution in the urban rock. In the second part we highlight two aspects of urban aesthetics of Lora: the construction of a major discursive subjects in his lyrics, children and adolescents of the urban underworld, and the construction of a type of city with the paradoxes and contradictions that we it seems to identify. We define the relationship of Lora with rock, without denying his great communication skills, is a "tight line" between what claimed in production seventies or part of the eighties, and functionality and adaptation of their public image within the great mass media, which seems to partly contradict some of his compositions. Keywords: Language, Subject Discourse, Urban Space, Media and Cities, Mexican Rock, Rock Urba
Agilent FTIR Mosaic Image File Reader
No full text<p>This MATLAB source code will read an Agilent FTIR hyperspectral mosaicked image file set.</p>
<p>Version 6. Release_1.0</p>
<p>Source code and further information is available here: https://bitbucket.org/AlexHenderson/agilent-file-formats/ Please check before use to see whether there is an updated version.</p>
<p>The Agilent (formerly Varian) file format consists of a number of files with extensions: .dms, .dmt, .drd, .dmd. This function will import that data into MATLAB.</p>
<p>The source code is licenced under the GPL v3 licence. This means if you change it, and release your new version, you MUST release the source code too. If you would like to use the code under different licensing conditions, please contact the author.</p>
<p>If you find this code fails for whatever reason, please let the author know using the issues section of the BitBucket website: https://bitbucket.org/AlexHenderson/agilent-file-formats/issues</p>
<p>If you make use of this file in your work, please consider citing this repository deposition: <a>DOI:10.5281/zenodo.399238</a></p>
<p>Alex Henderson <[email protected]></p>
<p> </p>
<p>Usage Information </p>
<p>% Function: agilentMosaic<br>
% Usage: <br>
% [wavenumbers, data, width, height, filename, acqdate] = agilentMosaic();<br>
% [wavenumbers, data, width, height, filename, acqdate] = agilentMosaic(filename);<br>
% [wavenumbers, data, width, height, filename, acqdate] = agilentMosaic(filename, keepme);<br>
%<br>
% Purpose:<br>
% Extracts the spectra from an Agilent (formerly Varian) .dmt/.dms/.dmd<br>
% file combination. Plots an image of the total signal.<br>
%<br>
% input:<br>
% 'filename' string containing the full path to the .dms file (optional)<br>
% 'keepme' vector of wavenumber values in pairs indicating the limits of regions to retain (optional)<br>
% <br>
% output:<br>
% 'wavenumbers' is a list of the wavenumbers related to the data<br>
% 'data' is a 3D cube of the data in the file ((fpaSize x X) x (fpaSize x Y) x wavenumbers)<br>
% 'width' is width in pixels of the entire mosaic<br>
% 'height' is height in pixels of the entire mosaic<br>
% 'filename' is a string containing the full path to the .dms file<br>
% 'acqdate' is a string containing the date and time of acquisition<br>
%<br>
% *******Caution******* <br>
% This code is a hack of the Agilent format and the location of the data<br>
% within the file may vary. Always check the output to make sure it is<br>
% sensible. If you have a file that doesn't work, please contact Alex.<br>
%<br>
% Copyright (c) 2011 - 2017, Alex Henderson <br>
% Contact email: [email protected]<br>
% Licenced under the GNU General Public License (GPL) version 3<br>
% http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/gpl.html<br>
% Other licensing options are available, please contact Alex for details<br>
% If you use this file in your work, please acknowledge the author(s) in<br>
% your publications. <br>
%<br>
% version 6 March 2017<br>
</p>Work relates to EPSRC Grant number EP/L012952/1 Clinical Infrared and Raman Spectroscopy Network (CLIRSPEC)
http://clirspec.org
David Cameron y Alex Salmond: Un mismo reto, diferentes proyectos
No full textTras la publicación del artículo Charlie Jeffery, Escocia, Nacionalismo y Unidad, en la
primera edición de los cuadernos Manuel Giménez Abad, el autor de este texto analiza
el efecto de la Devolution en los partidos políticos en Escocia. Después de las elecciones
de mayo de 2011 parece que el Scottish National Party se ha beneficiado de este proceso,
mientras que los tories y los laboristas han sido víctimas de la Devolution.Following the publication of the article of Charlie Jeffery: Scotland, Nationalism, and
Union: A Growing Common Ground?, in the first edition of our eJournal Manuel Giménez
Abad, the author of this paper analyzes the effect of the Devolution process in the UK on
the political parties in Scotland. After the elections in May 2011 it seems that the Scottish
National Party has benefited, while the Tories and Labour have been victims of Devolution
La etapa lítica y las categorías utilizadas en México y Estados Unidos para designar las etapas arqueológicas más antiguas
No full textEl presente artículo analiza el concepto de etapa lítica y sus subdivisiones (arqueolítico, cenolítico, protoneolítico), que el prehistoriador José Luis Lorenzo introdujo en 1969 como una forma de organizar de manera sistemática los más antiguos materiales arqueológicos de la lítica tallada y pulida, conocidos hasta esa época en México. Dichos materiales abarcan la etapa que se inicia con la llegada del hombre antiguo a este territorio (como cazador-recolector), hasta el momento en que las sociedades prehispánicas —con el paso de los milenios y con su conocimiento del territorio— inician el cultivo de sus alimentos. También se incluye el tema de la clasificación y periodización de los materiales líticos de dicha época, según lo exponen los arqueólogos estadounidenses Gordon Willey y Alex Krieger. Finalmente, se lleva a cabo una primera reflexión sobre el uso de la nomenclatura empleada por la arqueología mexicana en el norte de México, misma que se basa en los planteamientos, cronología y nomenclatura aplicada en Texas. Lo anterior constituye un problema, pues al retomar conceptos y categorías de la arqueología estadounidense, se ignora la historia misma del desarrollo de la arqueología mexicana. Esto se plantea como hipótesis de que dicha situación limita y afecta el desarrollo y originalidad de lo que la arqueología del norte de México pueda estudiar
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