14 research outputs found
Skin Damage Prevention and Care Measures During the Operation
No full textBakalaura darba tēma – Ādas bojājumu profilakse un aprūpes pasākumi operācijas laikā. Operācijas laikā ķermenim ir jābūt elastīgi pozicionētam tā, lai operāciju varētu veikt precīzi, iegūstot nepieciešamo rezultātu. Ķirurģiska pacienta pozicionēšana ir gan māksla, gan zinātne, un tā ir viena no galvenajiem faktoriem drošas un efektīvas operācijas veikšanai. Tēmas aktualitāti nosaka tas, ka operācijas zālē māsai ir nozīmīga loma, jo viņa seko operācijas gaitai un ir blakus pacientam. Māsa pilda ārsta ordinācijas, izprot pacienta stāvokli kopumā, ievērojot arī ādas stāvokļa izmaiņas. Operāciju laikā īpaša uzmanība būtu jāpievērš ādas veseluma bojājumu riskam. Darba mērķis ir noskaidrot ādas bojājumu profilaksi un aprūpes pasākumus operācijas laikā. Pētniecības uzdevumi ir: 1.Apskatīt un veikt literatūras analīzi par pacienta pozicionēšanu operācijas laikā un ādas aprūpes pamatprincipiem, lai mazinātu ādas bojājumu risku, 2.Analizēt K. Martinsen rūpju teoriju, saistībā ar pacientu aprūpi operācijas laikā, 3.Izstrādāt anketu praktizējošām māsām par pacientu ādas aprūpi un veseluma bojājumu riskiem un profilaksi operācijas laikā un veikt praktisku anketēšanu, 4.Apkopot un analizēt pētījumā iegūtos datus, 5.Izstrādāt secinājumus. Pētniecības procesa sākumā tika izvirzīta hipotēze: Ādas bojājumu profilakse ir veiksmīga, ja tiek ievērota pacienta pozicionēšana, ādas novērtēšana gan pirms operācijas, gan operācijas laikā. Pētniecības instrumenti: strukturēta anketa. Pētniecības metode: kvantitatīvā.Bachelor's thesis - Skin damage prevention and care measures during the operation. During the operation, the body must be flexible positioned so that the operation could be accurately obtaining the required result. Surgical patient positioning is as much art as science, and it is one of the main factors for the safe and efficient operation. Topicality to the fact that the operating room nurse has an important role, because she followed the progress of the operation and is next to the patient. The nurse performs medical ordinations, understands the patient's condition as a whole, taking into account the changes in skin condition. Operations, special attention should be paid to the integrity of skin damage risk. The objective is to clear up skin damage prevention and care measures during the operation. The research objectives are: 1. View and perform literature analysis of patient positioning during surgery and skin care the basic principles in order to reduce the risk of skin damage, 2. Analyzed K. Martinsen care theory in the context of patient care during surgery, 3. Develop a questionnaire practicing nurses on patients' skin care and whole injury risks and prevention during the operation and to make practical questionnaires, 4. To collect and analyze the study findings, 5. Develop conclusions. Research at the start of the hypothesis: Skin damage prevention is successful, if the compliance of the patient positioning, skin evaluation, both before the operation and during the operation. Research tools: a structured questionnaire. Research method: quantitative
Referendums in Latvia: theory and practice: year 2007-2008
No full textDarba mērķis ir apskatīt tautas nobalsošanas, kas notikušas Latvijā laikposmā no 2007.-2008. gadam. Kā zināms tādas bija kopskaitā trīs, kas ir nozīmīgs skaitlis Latvijai, ņemot vērā, ka vispār kopš neatkarības atgūšanas tādas bijušas vien septiņas. Lai sasniegtu šo darba mērķi, autorprāt, ir nepieciešams gūt plašāku ieskatu par tautas nobalsošanas institūtu un tiešo demokrātiju kā tādu. Tāpēc darba pirmajā pusē tiek pētīta tautas nobalsošanas rašanās vēsture, attīstība un tiešās demokrātijas loma mūsdienu valsts pārvaldē. Tiek noskaidrota tautas nobalsošanas jēga un mērķis. Darba otrajā daļā autors pēta darba nosaukumā minētās tautas nobalsošanas, analizē tautas nobalsošanas praksi un teoriju. Pētījuma gaitā iezīmējās vairāki problēmjautājumi, piemēram , autorprāt, nepilnīgais parakstu vākšanas procesa regulējums, kuru risinājumu priekšlikumus darba autors sniedz darba noslēguma daļā.The main goal of this paper is to explore the referendums that took place Latvia in the time period of year 2007-2008. In order to reach this goal, the author believes it is necessary to examine the referendum and direct democracy itself, to have a more large-scale and more objective point of view. By doing that the author in the first part of this paper, gives a short briefing on history of direct democracy and referendums as well as the development of it. The author finds out the original purpose of the referendum and examines where direct democracy and referendums stand nowadays. In the second part of this paper, the author analyzes the referendums in Latvia mentioned above. Also, the author gives his point of view on the recently approved amendments to the Latvian constitution (Satversme). By exploring referendums in Latvia and examining the problems that occurred when they took place, the author has come up with some possible amendments to the current regulation on referendums, which can be found in the final part of the paper
Representation of the Latvian football Elite league 2013 "fixed matches" in the site "sportacentrs.com": framing analysis
No full textBakalaura darba tēma ir “2013.gada Latvijas futbola Virslīgas “sarunāto spēļu” atainojums: vietnes “sportacentrs.com” rāmējumu analīze”. Darbā autors pētījis interneta vietnes “Sportacentrs.com” 2013.gada futbola Virslīgas “aizdomīgo spēļu” aprakstus. Visi pētījumam atlasītie “Sportacentrs.com” raksti ir analizēti pēc Džeimsa Tankarda rāmējumu identificēšanas pieejas.
Autors šādu pētījumu nolēma veikt, jo novērojis, ka Latvijas futbola Virslīgas spēles notiek ļoti daudz aizdomīgu darbību un izskan daudz informācijas par to, ka vairākas spēles ir sarunātas, tādēļ autors vēlējās noskaidrot, vai informācija par iespējamo spēļu negodīgumu parādās arī “Sportacentrs.com” spēļu aprakstos.
Darba gaitā noskaidrojās, ka “Sportacentrs.com” spēļu aprakstos neparādās informācija, ka kāda no spēlēm bijusi aizdomīga.
Atslēgas vārdi: Rāmējums, futbols, spēļu ietekmēšana, sportacentrs.com, Latvijas futbola Virslīga.Theme of this bachelor thesis is “Representation of the Latvian football Elite league 2013 "fixed matches" in the site "sportacentrs.com": framing analysis”. Author researched Virsliga 2013 match descriptions on “Sportacentrs.com” site of those games which are considered as fixed. All selected articles for this study was researched by James Tankard framing aproach
Author decided to conduct this study, because there is a lot of information about fixed matches in Latvian football, so author wanted to know, if this information is displayed in “Sportacentrs.com” articles.
At the end of the bachelor thesis, author concludes that in “Sportacentrs.com” articles there is no information about match fixing.
Keywords: Framing, football, match fixing, sportacentrs.com, Latvian football Virsliga
Kilka uwag wstępnych o systemach opieki długoterminowej
No full textIn this article author describes long term-care in european countries. Article begins by examination of different definitions of LTC in EU members. Then author analyzes organization, funding, scope and various categories of benefits.W artykule autor opisuje rozwiązania w dziedzinie opieki długoterminowej w państwach Unii Europejskiej. Dokonuje analizy różnych definicji opieki długoterminowej w poszczególnych krajach. Omawia rozwiązania organizacyjne, finansowanie oraz zakres przedmiotowy i podmiotowy poszczególnych świadczeń
Pre-admission air pollution exposure prolongs the duration of ventilation in intensive care patients
No full textPurpose Air pollutant exposure constitutes a serious risk factor for the emergence or aggravation of (existing) pulmonary disease. The impact of pre-intensive care ambient air pollutant exposure on the duration of artificial ventilation was, however, not yet established. Methods The medical records of 2003 patients, admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) of the Antwerp University Hospital (Flanders, Belgium), who were artificially ventilated on ICU admission or within 48 h after admission, for the duration of at least 48 h, were analyzed. For each patient's home address, daily air pollutant exposure [particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter <= 2.5 mu m (PM2.5) and <= 10 mu m (PM10), nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and black carbon (BC)] up to 10 days prior to hospital admission was modeled using a high-resolution spatial-temporal model. The association between duration of artificial ventilation and air pollution exposure during the last 10 days before ICU admission was assessed using distributed lag models with a negative binomial regression fit. Results Controlling for pre-specified confounders, an IQR increment in BC (1.2 mu g/m(3)) up to 10 days before admission was associated with an estimated cumulative increase of 12.4% in ventilation duration (95% CI 4.7-20.7). Significant associations were also observed for PM2.5, PM10 and NO2, with cumulative estimates ranging from 7.8 to 8.0%. Conclusion Short-term ambient air pollution exposure prior to ICU admission represents an unrecognized environmental risk factor for the duration of artificial ventilation in the ICU.This study received no external funding. No entity other than the authors listed played any role in the design of the study; the collection, analysis or interpretation of data; the writing of the report; or in the decision to submit this paper for publication. All authors have full access to the data. Tim Nawrot is a beneficiary of the European Research Council. Bram Janssen and Bianca Cox are postdoctoral fellows of the Research Foundation-Flanders (FWO 12W3218N and 12Q0517N, respectively, and supported by FWO project G082317N). We would like to thank Hilde Fleurackers for the administrative support and assistance she provided.De Weerdt, A (reprint author), Antwerp Univ Hosp UZA, Dept Crit Care Med, Wilrijkstr 10, B-2650 Edegem, Belgium.
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Acute calculous cholecystitis associated with brucellosis: A report of two cases and review of the literature
No full textAcute cholecystitis is a very rare complication of Brucella infections. We report 2 cases of acute cholecystitis due to Brucella and review previously reported cases. © 2005 Taylor and Francis.ACOCELLA G, 1989, J ANTIMICROB CHEMOTH, V23, P433, DOI 10.1093-jac-23.3.433; al-Aska A K, 1989, Trop Gastroenterol, V10, P217; ALAWADHI NZ, 1989, AM J GASTROENTEROL, V84, P1570; AMOSS HL, 1931, INT CLIN, V4, P93; Andriopoulos P, 2003, SCAND J INFECT DIS, V35, P204, DOI 10.1080-0036554021000027025; ARIZA J, 1992, ANN INTERN MED, V117, P25; Ashley D, 2000, PEDIATR INFECT DIS J, V19, P1112, DOI 10.1097-00006454-200011000-00024; Berbegal Serra JM, 1986, REV ESP ENFERM APAR, V70, P88; BULL P, 1911, NORSK MAGAZIN LAEGEV, V72, P1026; CASAS EV, 1971, REV ESP ENFERM APAR, V33, P723; Colmenero JD, 1996, MEDICINE, V75, P195, DOI 10.1097-00005792-199607000-00003; Fasquelle D, 1999, EUR J CLIN MICROBIOL, V18, P599, DOI 10.1007-s100960050355; Hatipoglu CA, 2004, SCAND J INFECT DIS, V36, P694, DOI 10.1080-00365540410017554; HEWLETT JS, 1947, CLEV CLIN Q, V24, P258; *JOINT FAO WHO EXP, 1986, 6 JOINT FAOWHO EXP C; JORENS PG, 1991, DIS COLON RECTUM, V34, P194, DOI 10.1007-BF02049998; KANAFANI ZA, IN PRESS J INFECT; Leavell HR, 1931, AM J MED SCI, V181, P96, DOI 10.1097-00000441-193101000-00010; Lopez-Prieto MD, 2003, ENFERM INFEC MICR CL, V21, P464, DOI 10.1157-13051913; MATYAS Z, 1984, DEV BIOL STAND, V56, P3; Mettier SR, 1934, ARCH INTERN MED, V54, P702; Miranda RT, 2001, J INFECTION, V42, P77, DOI 10.1053-jinf.2000.0757; MORRIS SJ, 1979, AM J GASTROENTEROL, V71, P481; ORTE L, 1979, REV CLIN ESP, V152, P461; Serrano Guerra F J, 1999, Rev Clin Esp, V199, P621; SHAHEEN SEA, 1989, AM J GASTROENTEROL, V84, P336; SPINK WW, 1949, J LAB CLIN MED, V34, P40; WHITE CS, 1934, MED ANN DC, V12, P60; WILLIAMS RK, 1982, GASTROENTEROLOGY, V83, P45563
Temperature has a major effect on the cuticular wax composition of bilberry (Vaccinium myrtillus L.) fruit
No full textCuticle is the first layer protecting plants against external biotic and abiotic factors and is responsive to climatic factors as well as determined by genetic adaptations. In this study, the chemical composition of bilberry fruit cuticular wax was investigated through a latitudinal gradient from Latvia (56°N 24°E) through Finland (65°N 25°E) to northern Norway (69°N 18°E) in two seasons 2018 and 2019. Changes in the major cuticular wax compounds, including triterpenoids, fatty acids, alkanes, aldehydes, ketones, and primary alcohols, were detected by GC-MS analysis. Generally, a decreasing trend in the proportion of triterpenoids from southern to northern latitudes, accompanied with an increase in proportion of fatty acids, aldehydes, and alkanes, in bilberry fruit cuticular wax was observed. A correlation analysis between climatic factors with proportion of wax compounds indicated that temperature was the main factor affecting the cuticular wax composition in bilberries. A controlled phytotron experiment with southern and northern bilberry ecotypes confirmed the major effect of temperature on bilberry fruit cuticular wax load and composition. Elevated temperature increased wax load most in berries of northern ecotypes. The level of triterpenoids was higher, while levels of fatty acids and alkanes were lower, in wax of bilberry fruits ripened at 18°C compared to 12°C in both northern and southern ecotypes. Based on our results, it can be postulated that the predicted increase in temperature due to climate change leads to alterations in fruit cuticular wax load and composition. In northern ecotypes, the alterations were especially evident
154 compared to 54 mmol per liter of sodium in intravenous maintenance fluid therapy for adult patients undergoing major thoracic surgery (TOPMAST): a single-center randomized controlled double-blind trial
No full textPURPOSE: To determine the effects of the sodium content of maintenance fluid therapy on cumulative fluid balance and electrolyte disorders. METHODS: We performed a randomized controlled trial of adults undergoing major thoracic surgery, randomly assigned (1:1) to receive maintenance fluids containing 154 mmol/L (Na154) or 54 mmol/L (Na54) of sodium from the start of surgery until their discharge from the ICU, the occurrence of a serious adverse event or the third postoperative day at the latest. Investigators, caregivers and patients were blinded to the treatment. Primary outcome was cumulative fluid balance. Electrolyte disturbances were assessed as secondary endpoints, different adverse events and physiological markers as safety and exploratory endpoints. FINDINGS: We randomly assigned 70 patients; primary outcome data were available for 33 and 34 patients in the Na54 and Na154 treatment arms, respectively. Estimated cumulative fluid balance at 72 h was 1369 mL (95% CI 601-2137) more positive in the Na154 arm (p 109 mmol/L under Na154 (24/35 patients, 68.6%) than under Na54 (4/34 patients, 11.8%) (p < 0.001). The treating clinicians discontinued the study due to clinical or radiographic fluid overload in six patients receiving Na154 compared to one patient under Na54 (excess risk 14.2%; 95% CI - 0.2-30.4%, p = 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: In adult surgical patients, sodium-rich maintenance solutions were associated with a more positive cumulative fluid balance and hyperchloremia; hypotonic fluids were associated with mild and asymptomatic hyponatremia.sponsorship: The study was funded by an unrestricted grant from Baxter Healthcare Corporation, which played no role in the study design, data collection, data analysis, data interpretation, the writing of the report or the decision to submit the paper for publication. All authors were employed independently of this funder. The corresponding author had the final responsibility for the decision to submit for publication. (Baxter Healthcare Corporation)status: Publishe
Visualizing Cerebrovascular Autoregulation Insults and Their Association with Outcome in Adult and Paediatric Traumatic Brain Injury
No full textObjective: The aim of this study is to assess visually the impact of duration and intensity of cerebrovascular autoregulation insults on 6-month neurological outcome in severe traumatic brain injury.
Material and methods: Retrospective analysis of prospectively collected minute-by-minute intracranial pressure (ICP) and mean arterial blood pressure data of 259 adult and 99 paediatric traumatic brain injury (TBI) patients from multiple European centres. The relationship of the 6-month Glasgow Outcome Scale with cerebrovascular autoregulation insults (defined as the low-frequency autoregulation index above a certain threshold during a certain time) was visualized in a colour-coded plot. The analysis was performed separately for autoregulation insults occurring with cerebral perfusion pressure (CPP) below 50 mmHg, with ICP above 25 mmHg and for the subset of adult patients that did not undergo decompressive craniectomy.
Results: The colour-coded plots showed a time-intensity-dependent association with outcome for cerebrovascular autoregulation insults in adult and paediatric TBI patients. Insults with a low-frequency autoregulation index above 0.2 were associated with worse outcomes and below −0.6 with better outcomes, with and approximately exponentially decreasing transition curve between the two intensity thresholds. All insults were associated with worse outcomes when CPP was below 50 mmHg or ICP was above 25 mmHg.
Conclusions: The colour-coded plots indicate that cerebrovascular autoregulation is disturbed in a dynamic manner, such that duration and intensity play a role in the determination of a zone associated with better neurological outcome.sponsorship: M.F. receives funding from the Research Foundation Flanders (FWO) as a Ph.D. fellow (11Y1116N). G.M. receives funding from FWO as senior clinical investigator (1846113N). G.V.dB., through the KULeuven, receives long-term research financing via the Flemish government Methusalem programme. Brain-IT was funded by the European Framework Program (FP5-QRLI-2000-00454, QLGT-2002-00160 and FP7--IST--2007-217049). The NEMO project in the University Hospital Antwerp was funded by the Flemish Government Agency for Innovation by Science and Technology (IWT). The authors wish to acknowledge the non-author steering group members of Brain-IT: Barbara Gregson, Tim Howells, Karl Kiening, Arminas Ragauskas, Juan Sahuquillo and Jan Oliver Neumann. (Research Foundation Flanders (FWO)|11Y1116N, FWO|1846113N, Flemish government Methusalem programme, European Framework Program|FP5-QRLI-2000-00454, European Framework Program|QLGT-2002-00160, European Framework Program|FP7--IST--2007-217049, Flemish Government Agency for Innovation by Science and Technology (IWT), MRC|MR/R004498/1)status: Publishe
DALI: Defining antibiotic levels in intensive care unit patients: Are current ?-lactam antibiotic doses sufficient for critically ill patients?
No full textBackground. Morbidity and mortality for critically ill patients with infections remains a global healthcare problem. We aimed to determine whether ?-lactam antibiotic dosing in critically ill patients achieves concentrations associated with maximal activity and whether antibiotic concentrations affect patient outcome.Methods. This was a prospective, multinational pharmacokinetic point-prevalence study including 8 ?-lactam antibiotics. Two blood samples were taken from each patient during a single dosing interval. The primary pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic targets were free antibiotic concentrations above the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the pathogen at both 50% (50% f TMIC) and 100% (100% f T MIC) of the dosing interval. We used skewed logistic regression to describe the effect of antibiotic exposure on patient outcome.Results. We included 384 patients (361 evaluable patients) across 68 hospitals. The median age was 61 (interquartile range [IQR], 48-73) years, the median Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II score was 18 (IQR, 14-24), and 65% of patients were male. Of the 248 patients treated for infection, 16% did not achieve 50% f TMIC and these patients were 32% less likely to have a positive clinical outcome (odds ratio [OR], 0.68; P =. 009). Positive clinical outcome was associated with increasing 50% f TMIC and 100% f TMIC ratios (OR, 1.02 and 1.56, respectively; P <. 03), with significant interaction with sickness severity status.Conclusions. Infected critically ill patients may have adverse outcomes as a result of inadeqaute antibiotic exposure; a paradigm change to more personalized antibiotic dosing may be necessary to improve outcomes for these most seriously ill patients. 2014 The Author 2014. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Infectious Diseases Society of America. All rights reserved.SCOPUS: ar.jinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishe
