363 research outputs found
Connectivity in the cold: the comparative population genetics of vent-endemic fauna in the Scotia Sea, Southern Ocean
Get PDFWe report the first comparative population genetics study for vent fauna in the Southern Ocean using cytochrome C oxidase I and microsatellite markers. Three species are examined: the kiwaid squat lobster, Kiwa tyleri, the peltospirid gastropod, Gigantopelta chessoia, and a lepetodrilid limpet, Lepetodrilus sp., collected from vent fields 440 km apart on the East Scotia Ridge (ESR) and from the Kemp Caldera on the South Sandwich Island Arc, ~95 km eastwards. We report no differentiation for all species across the ESR, consistent with panmixia or recent range expansions. A lack of differentiation is notable for Kiwa tyleri, which exhibits extremely abbreviated lecithotrophic larval development, suggestive of a very limited dispersal range. Larval lifespans may, however, be extended by low temperature-induced metabolic rate reduction in the Southern Ocean, muting the impact of dispersal strategy on patterns of population structure. COI diversity patterns suggest all species experienced demographic bottlenecks or selective sweeps in the past million years and possibly at different times. ESR and Kemp limpets are divergent, although with evidence of very recent ESR-Kemp immigration. Their divergence, possibility indicative of incipient speciation, along with the absence of the other two species at Kemp, may be the consequence of differing dispersal capabilities across a ~1000 m depth range and/or different selective regimes between the two areas. Estimates of historic and recent limpet gene flow between the ESR and Kemp are consistent with predominantly easterly currents and potentially therefore, cross-axis currents on the ESR, with biogeographic implications for the region
The biogeography of the yeti crabs (Kiwaidae) with notes on the phylogeny of the Chirostyloidea (Decapoda: Anomura)
Get PDFThe phylogeny of the superfamily Chirostyloidea (Decapoda: Anomura) has been poorly understood owing to limited taxon sampling and discordance between different genes. We present a nine-gene dataset across 15 chirostyloids, including all known yeti crabs (Kiwaidae), to improve the resolution of phylogenetic affinities within and between the different families, and to date key divergences using fossil calibrations. This study supports the monophyly of Chirostyloidea and, within this, a basal split between Eumunididae and a Kiwaidae–Chirostylidae clade. All three families originated in the Mid-Cretaceous, but extant kiwaids and most chirostylids radiated from the Eocene onwards. Within Kiwaidae, the basal split between the seep-endemic Kiwa puravida and a vent clade comprising Kiwa hirsuta and Kiwa spp. found on the East Scotia and Southwest Indian ridges is compatible with a hypothesized seep-to-vent evolutionary trajectory. A divergence date estimate of 13.4–25.9 Ma between the Pacific and non-Pacific lineages is consistent with Kiwaidae spreading into the Atlantic sector of the Southern Ocean via the newly opened Drake Passage. The recent radiation of Kiwaidae adds to the list of chemosynthetic fauna that appear to have diversified after the Palaeocene/Eocene Thermal Maximum, a period of possibly widespread anoxia/dysoxia in deep-sea basins
Development of polymorphic microsatellite loci for three species of vent-endemic megafauna from deep-sea hydrothermal vents in the Scotia Sea, Southern Ocean
No full textMicrosatellite loci have been developed for three undescribed species discovered at hydrothermal vents on the East Scotia Ridge (ESR) in the Southern Ocean: a yeti crab, Kiwa sp. (Kiwaidae), a species of peltospiroid gastropod and a vent limpet, Lepetodrilus sp. (Lepetodrilidae). Nine, twelve and fourteen loci were developed for the three species respectively, with two loci deviating significantly from Hardy–Weinberg expectations. Observed heterozygosity ranged from 0.08 to 1 (means of 0.62, 0.44 and 0.63 for the three species respectively). These loci are being used to determine connectivity between vents at the northern and southern end of the ESR and between the ESR and the Kemp Caldera, a submerged part of the South Sandwich Island chain. These data will be crucial in understanding the ecology of the first hydrothermal vent communities discovered in the Southern Ocean
Effect of Stabilizer on the Mechanical Properties of Rigid PVC
Get PDFTitle: Effect of Stabilizer on the Mechanical Properties of Rigid PVC, Author: Karl K.T. Woo, Location: ThodeIn this study commercial suspension polymerized polyvinyl chloride resin with different stabilizer contents was first compounded and injuctioned molded into small dumbbell shape specimens. Most of the specimens after annealing were then tested on the Instron Tensile Tester while the rest on iniature Tensile Tester for difference in mechanical properties. Four parameters from the stress-strain curves were of interest in this study: tensile yield stress, tensile modulus, elongation at fracture and ultimate fracture strength. The differences in mechanical properties were explained by the change in molecular structure of polyvinyl
chloride brought about by the reaction between the stabilizer and PVC molecules. In the second part of the experiment, the effects of heat treatment and molecular weight on the mechanical properties of rigid PVC were also investigated.ThesisMaster of Engineering (ME
Force sensing and surface analysis with optically trapped microprobes
No full textIn dieser Arbeit wurde eine optische Pinzette zur Messung von kleinen Kräften im Bereich von einigen Piconewton entwickelt. Das System ermittelt die Position eines eingefangenen mikroskopischen Partikels (engl. bead) mit hoher räumlicher (nm-Bereich) und zeitlicher (Mikrosekunde- Bereich) Auflösung. Die Analyse der Brownschen Bewegung der eingefangenen mikroskopischen Partikel erbringt Informationen über die lokalen rheologischen Eigenschaften des umgebenden Mediums.
Optische Pinzetten können auch die Topographie von Zellmembranen in vivo bestimmen. Bei dieser Technik, auch bekannt als optische Kraftmikroskopie, fungiert das eingefangene bead ähnlich wie die Prüfspitze in einem AFM (atomic force microscope), während das Kraftpotential der optischen Falle die Rolle von einem cantilever spielt. Das eingefangene bead wird auf die Oberfläche der Probe gebracht und rasterförmig abgetastet. Die Änderung der Position des beads entlang der z-Achse während der Abtastung spiegelt die Morphologie der Oberfläche wieder.
Im Rahmen dieser Arbeit wurden zwei neue Konfigurationen der optischen Pinzette entwickelt. Als erste Konfiguration wurde ein flexibles und kompaktes set-up aufgebaut, das nur eine einzelne aspherische Linse als fokussierendes Element besitzt. Ein Vorteil dieses Systems ist der sehr große Arbeitsabstand der aspherischen Linse (ungefähr 3 Millimeter). Er ermöglicht das Einfangen eines beads durch dicke Substrate.
Als zweite Konfiguration konnte eine sog. �hohle� optische Falle realisiert werden. Das zentrale optische Element dieser Konfiguration ist ein konisches Prisma auch axicon genannt. Das axicon-Prisma wandelt einen Laserstrahl (TEM00-Modus) in Laserlicht mit ringförmigem Intensitätsprofil um. Durch geeignete Fokussierung lässt sich eine �schalenförmige� optische Falle erzeugt. Hierdurch ist es möglich auch Hoch-Reflektierende und sog. �low-index� Partikel innerhalb der Zone geringer Lichtintensität einzufangen und zu manipulieren
Показники дисфункції ендотелію у хворих на хронічну критичну ішемію нижніх кінцівок = Endothelial dysfunction indicators in patients with chronic critical limb ischemia
Get PDFGoni S.-K.T. Показники дисфункції ендотелію у хворих на хронічну критичну ішемію нижніх кінцівок = Endothelial dysfunction indicators in patients with chronic critical limb ischemia Journal of Education, Health and Sport. 2016;6(10):485-492. eISSN 2391-8306. DOI http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.165834
http://ojs.ukw.edu.pl/index.php/johs/article/view/3982
The journal has had 7 points in Ministry of Science and Higher Education parametric evaluation. Part B item 755 (23.12.2015).
755 Journal of Education, Health and Sport eISSN 2391-8306 7
© The Author (s) 2016;
This article is published with open access at Licensee Open Journal Systems of Kazimierz Wielki University in Bydgoszcz, Poland
Open Access. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Noncommercial License which permits any noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium,
provided the original author(s) and source are credited. This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial License
(http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited.
This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercial
use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited.
The authors declare that there is no conflict of interests regarding the publication of this paper.
Received: 02.09.2016. Revised 24.09.2016. Accepted: 30.10.2016.
УДК: 617.58-005.04-036.12-089
ПОКАЗНИКИ ДИСФУНКЦІЇ ЕНДОТЕЛІЮ У ХВОРИХ НА ХРОНІЧНУ КРИТИЧНУ ІШЕМІЮ НИЖНІХ КІНЦІВОК
С.-К.Т. Гоні
Харківський національний медичний університет
Кафедра хірургії №2, Харків
Резюме
В статті оцінені рівні прямих та опосередкованих показників ендотеліальної дисфункції (ендотелін-1, VEGF, фібриногену та С-реактивний білок) у 29 хворих на хронічну критичну ішемію нижніх кінцівок з дистальною формою ураження судинного русла у віці від 59 до 84 років. Хворі були обох статей, з них 12 (41,4%) - хворі на облітеруючий атеросклероз та ЦД. Показано, що незалежно від стадії ішемії та наявності ЦД, у хворих, що досліджувалися, виявлено порушення вазомоторної функції ендотелію (за даними рівня ендотелін-1), підвищення проліфераційної активності ендотелію (за даними рівня VEGF), порушення гемостатичної (за даними рівня фібріногену) та прозапальної функції ендотелію (за даними рівня С-реактивного білку)
Ключові слова: критична ішемія нижніх кінцівок, ендотеліальна дисфункція, ендотелін-1, васкулоендотеліальний фактор росту, фібриноген, С-реактивний білок
ENDOTHELIAL DYSFUNCTION INDICATORS IN PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC CRITICAL LIMB ISCHEMIA
S.-K.T. Goni
Kharkiv National Medical University, Ministry of Health of Ukraine ,
Department of Surgery № 2
Abstract
This article shows the results of determination of levels of direct and indirect indicators of endothelial dysfunction (ET1, VEGF, fibrinogen and CRP) in 29 patients with chronic critical limb ischemia with distal type of lesion of the vascular bed, aged from 59 to 84 years. Patients were of both sexes, of which 12 (41.4%) - patients with atherosclerosis and diabetes. It is shown that regardless of the stage of ischemia and the presence of diabetes in patients who were investigated, breach of vasomotor endothelial function (according to the level of endothelin-1), increased proliferative activity of endothelium (according to the level of VEGF), a violation of hemostatic (according to the level of fibrinogen) and proinflammatory endothelial function (based on C-reactive protein) was shown.
Keywords: сritical limb ischemia, endothelial dysfunction, endothelin-1, VEGF, fibrinogen, C-reactive protei
Advancing Methods For Evaluating Flood Risk Reduction Measures
No full textFlood risk reduction systems are applied worldwide to reduce flood risk and provide protection of flood prone areas. More and more, decision makers use risk-based approach for the design and implementation of interventions in these systems. This dissertation advances existing risk-based approaches for specific interventions within a flood risk reduction system. Highlights of this dissertation include i) quantifying the reliability of canal levees, ii) evaluating the effectiveness of emergency measures, iii) optimizing portfolios (of combinations) of risk reduction strategies: flood defences and/or land fills and iv) assessing the performance of innovative interventions for flood risk reduction.Hydraulic Structures and Flood Ris
Legal Issues in the Drafting of the ROC Treaty-Making Law
No full text「條約」係指國際法人間所締結、而以國際法為準據之國際書面協定。作為這種國際法人之一的國家與其他國際法人締結條約的權力則由各該國之憲法予以規定。中華民國憲法一方面授權總統締結條約，另一方面將締結條約之執行權與監督權分別賦予行政院和立法院。為求較前更能有效執行此等憲法條款，我國政府從大約十年前即開始醞釀立法擬議，期以制定「條約締結法」。但是由於案涉行政與立法兩部門之憲政權責及政府運作體制，以致兩部門迄未就相關法律問題獲致協議；從而迄一九九九年尚無此項法律問世。為就此等法理問題探求可能的答案，本著作首則慎察有關條約與協定之區別及其內容之分野問題；繼則比較內閣制與總統制在行使締約權方面的差異；然後廣泛分析立法院在締約程序中的監督權責；進而從我國法律和實踐等層面，檢討條約在國內法的位階問題；最後並研擬可能的法律原則，以規範臺灣海峽兩岸可能獲致之任何「協議」。在專注於此等法理問題之研究過程中，本著作並視需要廣泛引述相關法律學說、司法判例、各主要國家之實踐，及參考海峽兩岸之現況，以比較分析的方法，就相關問題作客觀和深入的探討及提出建議，期以有助於相關立法之完成及學術研究之參考。 Under the ROC Constitution, whilst the President is empowered to conclude treaties, the Executive and Legislative Branches of the government are authorized to share the exercise of treaty-making powers. To implement these constitutional provisions more effectively than ever before, the government initiated some ten years ago the travaux preparatoires for enacting a “ treaty-making law ” governing the exercise of such powers. Due to disagreement, nevertheless, between the two governmental branches on the complicated legal issues involved, no law of this nature has been resulted yet. To explore possible solutions to such issues, this paper starts by an objective examination of the alleged differences between such designations as “ treaty ” and “ agreement. ” This is followed by a comparative study of the Parliamentary and Presidential approaches to the treaty-making process. An extensive analysis is conducted to explore the controls which the Legislature may exercise over the Executive Branch in discharging its treaty-making functions. This paper proceeds to inquire comprehensively into the ROC's law and practice in determining whichever is prevailing if conflicts arise between treaty and state laws. The author concludes by developing principes governing the “ accords ” possibly achieved through talks across the Taiwan Strait. In so focusing, the paper refers, as necessary, to all relevant legal theories, doctrines, jurisprudence, and the practics of the leading states in the world as well. The current situation across the Strait will also be considered
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