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“But she was drunk”: Sexual violence and Blaming the victim
Get PDFVarious studies have been demonstrating the importance of patriarchal values in the structuring of society, especially with regard to sexual violence against women, pointing out that women themselves are still blamed for the violence that they suffer. The work presented here falls within this context and analyzes how the social representations of university students about women victims of sexual violence are structured (Study 1; N = 288) and how information about the victim's skin color can affect the judgment that is made about women victims of sexual violence (study 2; N = 99). Together, the results indicate that the woman was blamed for the violence she suffered and this becomes more evident in the situation in which the woman was Black
Validação da Escala Revisada de Crença no Mundo Justo com base em Ditados Populares
Get PDFThe development of measures that assess individual differences in the Belief in a Just World plays an important role in advancing research in this area. The intent of this article was to validate a new version of the Belief in a Just World Scale based on Popular Sayings (BJWPS), proposing that this measure may be an alternative to the original scale. For this, two studies were developed: Study 1 (N=160) aimed to presenting psychometric evidence for a new version of the BJWPS scale through an exploratory factor analysis. Study 2 (N=144) aimed to verify the goodness-of-fit of the proposed measurement model using confirmatory factor analysis. Results of the two studies indicated a single-factor structure that assesses BJW, which corroborates the theoretical frameworks of the BJW scales. Together, the results allow us to conclude that the BJWPS presented satisfactory psychometric indexes.O desenvolvimento de medidas que avaliam as diferenças individuais da crença no mundo justo desempenha um papel importante no avanço da pesquisa nesta área. O objetivo deste artigo foi validar uma nova versão da Escala Crença em um Mundo Justo baseada em Ditados Populares (CMJDP), propondo que esta medida possa ser uma alternativa à escala original. Para isso, foram desenvolvidos dois estudos: Estudo 1 (N=160) teve como objetivo apresentar evidências psicométricas para uma nova versão da escala CMJDP por meio de uma análise fatorial exploratória. O Estudo 2 (N=144) teve como objetivo verificar a adequação da proposta ao modelo de medição usando análise fatorial confirmatória. Os resultados dos dois estudos indicaram uma estrutura unifatorial que avalia a CMJ, o que corrobora os referenciais teóricos das escalas da CMJ. Juntos, os resultados permitem concluir que a CMJDP apresentou índices psicométricos satisfatórios
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Culpabilização da vítima de violência sexual: uma análise do efeito da combinação de características da vítima e do observador
Get PDFApesar de alguns avanços na luta e conscientização sobre a garantia de direitos e de formas de lidar com a discriminação e todos os tipos de violência contra a mulher, a incidência da violência sexual ainda permanece em níveis elevados. A culpabilização da vítima é um aspecto que merece maior atenção sobre esse tipo de violência. O conjunto de estudos aqui apresentados surgiu do seguinte questionamento: será que todas as mulheres são culpabilizadas de forma igual por terem sido vítimas de violência sexual? Considera-se que existem algumas situações em que as vítimas estão mais vulneráveis a serem percebidas como culpadas pela violência sofrida. Assim, a tese ora apresentada busca analisar em que medida as características das vítimas de violência sexual, o sexo e os sistemas de crenças (e.g. CMJ e sexismo ambivalente) dos participantes, influenciam a culpabilização da vítima pela violência por ela sofrida. Buscamos também analisar como estão estruturadas as representações sociais de estudantes universitários sobre mulheres vítimas de violência sexual. Para tanto, essa tese é composta por quatro artigos que estão apresentados em quatro capítulos. Os resultados do primeiro artigo confirmaram as hipóteses propostas, indicando que as mulheres negras vítimas de violência sexual tendem a ser mais culpabilizadas do que as mulheres brancas e que a alta adesão a CMJ contribui para essa culpabilização. O artigo dois analisou o efeito da combinação das variáveis características da vítima (cor da pele e normatividade), sexo do observador (masculino e feminino), CMJ e o sexismo ambivalente (hostil e benevolente) na culpabilização da vítima de violência sexual. Os resultados confirmam que as variáveis investigadas interagem entre si e resultam em experiências diferentes para as vítimas. O objetivo do terceiro artigo desta tese foi investigar quais são as representações sociais de
estudantes universitários acerca da Violência Sexual contra mulher. Os resultados indicaram que a maioria das representações sociais compartilhadas pelos estudantes englobam a culpabilização da vítima. Por fim, em anexo, encontra-se os resultados de dois estudos que objetivaram validar uma versão revisada da Escala de Crença no Mundo Justo com Ditados Populares desenvolvida por Linhares, Torres e Pereira (2020, no prelo). Percebe-se que a culpabilização da mulher pela violência por ela sofrida é um fenômeno multicausal e em nossa linha de pesquisa procuramos analisar os diversos fatores que podem ajudar a compreende-lo. Com isso, ressaltamos a importância de considerar a complexidade das vulnerabilidades que as mulheres estão expostas para a investigação desse fenômeno.Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPESDespite some advances in the fight and awareness about guaranteeing rights and ways of dealing with discrimination and all types of violence against women, the incidence of sexual violence still remains at high levels. The set of studies presented here emerged from the following question: are all women equally blamed for being victims of sexual violence? Thus, the thesis presented here seeks to analyze to what extent the characteristics of women victims of sexual violence, the gender and belief systems (e.g., BJW and ambivalent sexism) of the participants, influence blaming victims for the violence they have suffered. We also seek to analyze how the social representations of university students about women victims of sexual violence are structured. The results of the first article confirmed the proposed hypotheses, indicating that Black women victims of sexual violence tend to be more to blame than White women and that high adherence to BJW contributes to this blaming. Article two analyzed the effect of the combination of the variables, victim characteristics (skin color and normativity), observer's sex, Belief in a Just World, and ambivalent sexism on blaming the victim of sexual violence. The results confirm that the variables that were investigated interact with each other and result in different experiences for the victims. The objective of the third article of this thesis was to investigate what are the social representations of university students about sexual violence against women. The results indicated that most of the social representations shared by students include blaming the victim. Finally, the results of two studies that aimed to validate a revised version of the Belief in a Just World Scale with Popular Sayings, developed by Linhares, Torres and Pereira (2020, in press) are appended. It is
perceived that blaming the woman for the violence she suffered is a multi-causal phenomenon and in our line of research we try to analyze the various factors that can help in understanding this. With that, we emphasize the importance of considering the complexity of the vulnerabilities that women are exposed to for the study of this phenomenon
Crença no mundo justo e ditados populares
Get PDFThis work is part of the study about Belief in a Just World (BJW) and discrimination, with two main objectives: a) to investigate BJW’s moderating role in discrimination against homosexuals and b) to develop a BJW’s scale that has psychometric parameters most suitable to Brazil, using popular sayings. For this porpuse, three studies were carried out. In the two initial studies (N = 177; N = 122), which formed the first article of this dissertation, was developed a new instrument of BJW. Together, the results indicated a one-way solution, with an internal consistency of 0.78, as well as a positive correlation with other CMJ scales validated in Brazil and significant indexes, indicating the power of the new scale to predict secondary victimization, showing satisfactory indexes. The third study (N = 295), which is part of the second article, investigated discrimination against male homosexuals with AIDS and the influence of BJW on the attribution of responsibility for their disease. The results indicated that the isolated effects of sexual orientation and type of disease were significant, revealing that individuals with AIDS were assigned more responsibility than those with lung cancer, as well as homosexuals were more blamed than heterosexuals. The isolated effect of BJW was not significant. The results of moderation have indicated that BJW plays a moderating role in attributing responsibility, revealing that participants with high adherence to BJW have blamed more the homosexuals and patients with AIDS.Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPESEsse trabalho se insere no conjunto de estudos sobre a Crença no Mundo Justo (CMJ) e a discriminação, tendo dois objetivos principais: a) investigar o papel moderador da CMJ na discriminação contra homossexuais e b) desenvolver uma medida de CMJ que possua parâmetros psicométricos mais adequados ao Brasil. Para tanto, realizou-se três estudos. Nos dois estudos iniciais (N = 177; N = 126), que formaram o primeiro artigo desta dissertação, foi desenvolvido um novo instrumento da CMJ. Em conjunto, os resultados indicaram uma solução unifatorial, com consistência interna de 0,78, bem como uma correlação positiva com outras escalas de CMJ validadas no Brasil e índices significativos, indicando o poder da nova escala de predizer a vitimização secundária. Considera-se assim que os resultados apresentaram índices satisfatórios. O terceiro estudo (N = 295), que formou o segundo artigo, investigou a discriminação contra homossexuais masculinos portadores da AIDS e a influência da CMJ nas atribuições de responsabilidade pela sua doença. Os resultados indicaram que os efeitos isolados da orientação sexual e do tipo de doença foram significativos, revelando que aos sujeitos portadores da AIDS foi atribuída mais responsabilidade do que aos portadores de câncer de pulmão, bem como os homossexuais foram mais responsabilizados do que os heterossexuais. O efeito isolado da CMJ não foi significativo. Os resultados da moderação indicaram que a CMJ exerce um papel moderador na atribuição de responsabilidade, revelando que os participantes com alta adesão à CMJ responsabilizaram mais os homossexuais e os portadores da AIDS
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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