1,720,976 research outputs found
Addressing global challenges with compassion : The role of entrepreneurship education
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Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Financial Barriers and How to Overcome Them : The Case of Women Entrepreneurs in Tanzania
No full textkoamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Resource acquisition and the complexity of social capital : Perspectives from women entrepreneurs in Tanzania and Pakistan
No full textWomen entrepreneurs all over the world contribute significantly to innovation, employment opportunities and wealth creation in their respective economies. Despite their importance as drivers of development, there is a lack of research on preconditions for women’s entrepreneurship. In particular, little attention has been given to women’s venturing in developing economies. This is troublesome, since women have the potential to play a crucial role in the development of any society, not least through venturing. Entrepreneurshiphas long been recognized as one of the keys to economic developmentand numerous studies have confirmed its economic value. At the same time, a lack of capital and other resources is a crucial constraint in starting and expanding new businesses, especially in developing economies where the financial markets are often underdeveloped or dysfunctional. Further,previous research shows that women entrepreneurs face particularly high obstacles when searching for capital and other resources, as they have to overcome both formal and informal barriers. The aim of this thesis is to contribute to previous knowledge on women’s entrepreneurship in developing countries, by exploring and describing women entrepreneurs’ resource acquisition. The aim is further to explore the role of formal and informal institutions, as well as the role of social capital in relation to resource acquisition. The thesis is based on two field studies, conducted in two different developing contexts – Tanzania and Pakistan. Extended periods of time were spent in these contexts, where data were collected through semi-structured interviews, a questionnaire and participant observation. The focus is on how women entrepreneurs obtain access to financial and other resources. The focus is further on the role of formal and informal institutions in relation to women entrepreneurs as they acquire resources, and the role of social capital in resource acquisition. Special attention is given to contextual preconditions. The results from the four papers of this thesis show that the studied groups of entrepreneurs use similar financial behavior. In both contexts, women have almost no access to formal capital from banks, and have to rely on informal sources of capital and resources, mainly from family members. In Tanzania, the microfinance sector plays an important role, and other semi-formal actors (e.g. SACCOs and RoSCAs) are commonly used as well. In Pakistan, the microfinance sector is less developed. There are semi-formal actors that can be used (such as so-called “committees”) but it is more common to use one’s own savings and loans or grants from family members. Further, results show that women entrepreneurs have to navigate through a complex interplay of barriers on both formal and informal levels. Although respondents in both contexts recognize that informal contacts (such as family members, friends, and social networks) are important sources of capital and other resources, they clearly express their desire for reliable, well-functioning, formal financial institutions. Lastly, results confirm that social capital is a crucial factor for entrepreneurs. As women in the studied contexts are excluded from formal finance, they are even more dependent on informal capital, and thereby their ability to use social capital. However, it is remarkable how often their social embeddedness is not only complex but counterproductive. Results show both negative outcomes of, and limited access to, social capital for the studied entrepreneurs.Över hela världen bidrar kvinnors företagande till att skapa innovationer, arbetstillfällen och ekonomiskt värde i sina respektive ekonomier. Trots att företagande kvinnor fyller en viktig funktion som pådrivare av utveckling, finns relativt lite forskning kring förutsättningar för kvinnors företagande. Detta gäller i synnerhet för utvecklingsländer, vilket är problematiskt, då kvinnor har potential att spela en avgörande roll för utveckling i alla samhällen, inte minst genom företagande. Entreprenörskap har sedan länge betraktats som en avgörande faktor för ekonomisk utveckling och en mängd studier har bekräftat entreprenörskapets ekonomiska värde. Brist på kapital och andra resurser är samtidigt en begränsande faktor för start och expansion av nya företag, speciellt i utvecklingsekonomier, där de finansiella marknaderna ofta är underutvecklade eller dysfunktionella. Tidigare forskning visar vidare att kvinnor som driver företag möter särskilt stora barriärer i sitt sökande efter kapital och andra resurser, samt att de tvingas hantera både formella och informella hinder. Syftet med denna avhandling är att bidra till tidigare kunskap om kvinnors företagande i utvecklingsländer, genom att utforska och beskriva företagande kvinnors resursanskaffning. Syftet är vidare att utforska vilken betydelse formella och informella institutioner har, samt vilken betydelse socialt kapital har, i relation till resursanskaffning. Avhandlingen baseras på två fältstudier,vilka genomförts i två olika utvecklingskontexter – Tanzania och Pakistan. Studierna pågick under längre tidsperioder och data samlades in genom semistrukturerade intervjuer, en enkät och deltagande observation. Fokus är på företagande kvinnor och deras anskaffande av kapital och andra resurser. Vidare fokuseras vilken roll formella och informella institutioner spelar i relation till företagande kvinnors resursanskaffande, samt vilken roll socialt kapital spelar för resursanskaffandet. Särskilt uppmärksammas de kontextuella förutsättningarna. Resultaten från de fyra artiklar som ingår i avhandlingen visar att de studerade grupperna av entreprenörer har liknande finansiella beteende. I båda kontexterna saknar kvinnor nästan helt tillgång till formellt kapital från banker och tvingas i stället förlita sig på informella källor till kapital och resurser, framför allt från familjemedlemmar. I Tanzania spelar mikrobankerna en viktig roll, tillsammans med andra semi-formella aktörer (exempelvis SACCOs och RoSCAs). I Pakistan är mikrofinanssektorn mindre utvecklad. Även där finns semi-formella aktörer att vända sig till (exempelvisså kallade ”committees”), men det är betydligt vanligare att använda egna besparingar och lån eller bidrag från familjemedlemmar. Vidare visar resultaten att företagande kvinnor tvingas navigera genom ett komplext nät av barriärer, både formella och informella. Respondenter i båda studerade kontexter ser informella kontakter (såsom familjemedlemmar, vänner och sociala nätverk) som viktiga källor till kapital och andra resurser. Trots detta uttrycker de tydligt att de efterfrågar kapital från pålitliga, väl fungerande, formella finansiella institutioner. Slutligen bekräftar resultaten tidigare studier, där socialt kapital påvisas vara av avgörande betydelse för entreprenörer. Eftersom kvinnor i de studerade kontexterna är exkluderade från formell finansiering, är de i än högre grad beroende av informellt kapital och därmed förmågan att använda socialt kapital. Det är dock anmärkningsvärt hur ofta de sociala strukturer som kvinnorna är inbäddade i, inte bara ärkomplexa, utan även direkt kontraproduktiva. Resultaten visar på både negativa effekter av, och begränsad tillgång till, socialt kapital för de studerade entreprenörerna
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