2,099 research outputs found
In Search of WISPs
No full textExperiments such as MADMAX, IAXO and ALPS II are expanding the search for axions and other weakly interacting ‘slim’ particles that could hail from far above the TeV scale, write Axel Lindner, Béla Majorovits and Andreas Ringwald
Speed of Publication of Statutes and Regulations in the United Kingdom, Canada, and the United States
No full textExamines reasons for typical delays in publication of statutes & regulations in UK,US, & Canada. Finds US federal laws published more slowly because of time taken to add marginal notes after enactmen
Legal Citation Form: Theory and Practice
No full textSets forth 13 principles as a basis for a system of legal citation forms, and critically reviews various rules in the 13th edition of A Uniform System of Citation
Human Posterior Parietal Cortex Plans Where to Reach and What to Avoid
No full textIn this time-resolved functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) study, we aimed to trace the neuronal correlates of covert planning processes that precede visually guided motor behavior. Specifically, we asked whether human posterior parietal cortex has prospective planning activity that can be distinguished from activity related to retrospective visual memory and attention. Although various electrophysiological studies in monkeys have demonstrated such motor planning at the level of parietal neurons, comparatively little support is provided by recent human imaging experiments. Rather, a majority of experiments highlights a role of human posterior parietal cortex in visual working memory and attention. We thus sought to establish a clear separation of visual memory and attention from processes related to the planning of goal-directed motor behaviors. To this end, we compared delayed-response tasks with identical mnemonic and attentional demands but varying degrees of motor planning. Subjects memorized multiple target locations, and in a random subset of trials targets additionally instructed (1) desired goals or (2) undesired goals for upcoming finger reaches. Compared with the memory/attention-only conditions, both latter situations led to a specific increase of preparatory fMRI activity in posterior parietal and dorsal premotor cortex. Thus, posterior parietal cortex has prospective plans for upcoming behaviors while considering both types of targets relevant for action: those to be acquired and those to be avoided.</jats:p
Normative reconstruction and social character of freedom in Axel Honneth
No full textO presente objeto de pesquisa busca proceder ao estudo e identificação dos traços essenciais envolvidos na abordagem teórica das relações sociais e políticas trazidas na obra O Direito da Liberdade do filósofo alemão Axel Honneth. Faz-se uma análise da influência hegeliana sobre o conceito de liberdade, assim como dos fatores relacionados com o suprimento das carências subjetivas, mediadas pelas diferentes “esferas” sociais. Honneth, assim, procura trazer à tona a compreensão de um novo modelo de liberdade advindo da Filosofia do Direito de Hegel, o qual se distingue substancialmente dos modelos tradicionais. O autor busca evidenciar a limitação das teorias da justiça de tradição liberal, invocando a necessidade de uma visão integrada das relações sociais experimentadas nas esferas referidas por Hegel, concebendo-se uma experiência concreta de liberdade social. Nesse sentido, evidencia-se o caráter interdisciplinar e emancipatório do método de reconstrução normativa como base teórica para a justificação pública nas sociedades modernas.This research object aims to study and identify the essential traits involved in the theoretical approach of social and political relations brought in the work Freedom’s Right by the german philosopher Axel Honneth. It analyses the hegelian influence on the concept of freedom, as well as the factors related to the supply of subjective needs, mediated by the different social "spheres". Honneth thus seeks to bring to light the understanding of a new model of freedom stemming from Hegel’s Philosophy of Law, which differs substantially from traditional models. The author seeks to highlight the limitation of liberal theories of justice, invoking the need for an integrated view of the social relations experienced in the spheres referred to by Hegel, conceiving a concrete experience of social freedom. In this sense, the interdisciplinary and emancipatory character of the normative reconstruction method is evidenced, as a theorical basis for public justification in modern societies
Space representation for eye movements is more contralateral in monkeys than in humans
No full textContralateral hemispheric representation of sensory inputs (the right visual hemifield in the left hemisphere and vice versa) is a fundamental feature of primate sensorimotor organization, in particular the visuomotor system. However, many higher-order cognitive functions in humans show an asymmetric hemispheric lateralization—e.g., right brain specialization for spatial processing—necessitating a convergence of information from both hemifields. Electrophysiological studies in monkeys and functional imaging in humans have investigated space and action representations at different stages of visuospatial processing, but the transition from contralateral to unified global spatial encoding and the relationship between these encoding schemes and functional lateralization are not fully understood. Moreover, the integration of data across monkeys and humans and elucidation of interspecies homologies is hindered, because divergent findings may reflect actual species differences or arise from discrepancies in techniques and measured signals (electrophysiology vs. imaging). Here, we directly compared spatial cue and memory representations for action planning in monkeys and humans using event-related functional MRI during a working-memory oculomotor task. In monkeys, cue and memory-delay period activity in the frontal, parietal, and temporal regions was strongly contralateral. In putative human functional homologs, the contralaterality was significantly weaker, and the asymmetry between the hemispheres was stronger. These results suggest an inverse relationship between contralaterality and lateralization and elucidate similarities and differences in human and macaque cortical circuits subserving spatial awareness and oculomotor goal-directed actions
Krommer, Axel/Lindner, Martin/Mihajlovic, Dejan/Muuß-Merholz, Jöran/ Wampfler, Philippe (2019). Routenplaner #digitaleBildung
No full textKrommer, Axel/Lindner, Martin/Mihajlovic, Dejan/Muuß-Merholz, Jöran/ Wampfler, Philippe (2019). Routenplaner #digitaleBildung. Auf dem Weg zu zeitgemäßer Bildung. Eine Orientierungshilfe im digitalen Wandel. Hamburg: ZLL21 e. V. 300 S., 22,50 €.
Welche Bedeutung haben das Internet und der digitale Wandel für die Bildung sowie die Gesellschaft? Eine weitgreifende Frage, der die Autoren aus verschiedenen Perspektiven begegnen möchten. Die Beiträge sind aus dem Kontext von Diskussionen innerhalb der Gruppe sowie auf öffentlich zugänglichen Kanälen wie Blogs und Sozialen Netzwerken entstanden. Der Band strebt an, auch in der Offline- Diskussion genutzt zu werden. Dabei wird mit Elementen von Netzbeiträgen wie Querverweisen und nicht-linearem Lesen gearbeitet. So ist die Reihung und Aufteilung der Texte nur ein unverbindlicher Vorschlag. Dabei mussten die Autoren, wie sie auch selbst sagen, einige Abstriche machen, um die Lesenden zur Diskussion in der Netzwelt zu bewegen. Ziel ist es unter anderem, neben den im öffentlichen Diskurs vorhandenen warnenden oder euphorischen Haltungen zur digitalen Bildung eine aufgeschlossene Herangehensweise zu fördern. Im Mittelpunkt stehen konkrete Phänomene – nicht deren Bewertung. Zu diesen gehören unter anderem auch neue Lernräume wie Barcamps, Flipped Classroom oder Gamification. Gleichzeitig nehmen sich die Autoren Begriffe vor, die ihrer Meinung nach verwechselt werden oder überflüssig sind. So findet Wampfler, dass es keine digital natives gibt, und dieser Begriff nur Vorurteile in sich birgt. Die damit einhergehenden Vorannahmen erschweren eine neutrale Betrachtung dessen, wie sich Menschen (neue) Medien aneignen. Weiterhin gehen die Autoren darauf ein, wie Bildung, Lehren und Lernen digitalisiert werden können, sodass die neuen Medien nicht nur als Optimierung der ‚alten‘ Pädagogik fungieren. Routenplaner #digitale Bildung regt dazu an, (eigene) Sichtweisen auf digitale Bildung zu hinterfragen, neue zu erfahren und nach eigenen Wegen zu suchen sowie eine zeitgemäße Bildung zu ermöglichen. Einen Nutzen hieraus ziehen alle Tätigen, Forschende und Studierende aus Bereichen wie Medien- oder Kulturpädagogik, Erziehungs- oder Kommunikationswissenschaften
The glyoxalase system as an example of a cellular maintenance pathway with relevance to aging
No full textCommentary on: Scheckhuber CQ et al. Modulation of the glyoxalase system in the aging model Podospora anserina: effects on growth and lifespan. Aging. 2010; 2:969-980
Neural correlates of sensorimotor adaptation: Thalamic contributions to learning from sensory prediction error
No full textUnderstanding the neural mechanism of sensorimotor adaptation is essential to reveal how the brain learns from errors, a process driven by sensory prediction errors. While the previous literature has focused on cortical and cerebellar changes, the involvement of the thalamus has received less attention. This functional magnetic resonance imaging study aims to explore the neural substrates of learning from sensory prediction errors with an additional focus on the thalamus. Thirty participants adapted their goal-directed reaches to visual feedback rotations introduced in a step-wise manner, while reporting their predicted visual consequences of their movements intermittently. We found that adaptation initially engaged the cerebellum and fronto-parietal cortical regions, which persisted as adaptation progressed. By the end of adaptation, additional regions within the fronto-parietal cortex and medial pulvinar of the thalamus were recruited. Another finding was the involvement of bilateral medial dorsal nuclei, which showed a positive correlation with the level of motor adaptation. Notably, the gradual shift in the predicted hand movement consequences was associated with activity in the cerebellum, motor cortex and thalamus (ventral lateral, medial dorsal, and medial pulvinar). Our study presents clear evidence for an involvement of the thalamus, both classical 'motor' and higher-order nuclei, in error-based motor learning.Open-Access-Publikationsfonds 202
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