1,721,022 research outputs found
Decipher the transcriptome of Litopenaeus vannamei by assembling ESTs and compare gene expression in different libraries
No full text南美白蝦 ( Litopenaeus vannamei ) 在蝦類養殖的地位日趨重要，進行其基因轉錄體的研究可了解該物種的基因組成，有助於對蝦生理、遺傳、育種、與病理研究等基礎領域，以因應對蝦繁養殖上所面臨的問題。EST (Expressed Sequence Tag) 是cDNA的部分定序序列，可提供轉錄基因的序列資訊及相對表現數量，對於尚未完成完整基因體的物種，藉由EST定序能得到大量蛋白質基因的資訊。本研究蒐集公開資料庫上的白蝦ESTs序列，共161,241筆資料，利用與白蝦在分類上相近且完成完整基因體定序解析資訊的水蚤 (Daphnia pulex) 及果蠅 (Drosophila melanogaster) 為參考，利用序列的同源關係，設計序列分析流程，組裝得到16,886筆contigs及20,515筆singletons，共37,401筆重組序列；經過資料庫比對的序列註解程序後，超過40%的重組序列可在non-redundant protein database及Pfam database找到相似的序列或模組特徵。
在原始EST序列資料中，92%的是來自眼柄、鰓、血細胞、肝胰臟、淋巴器官及神經索，此六個組織的EST數量皆超過20,000筆。上述重組序列，以其 EST來源組織的EST數為基因表現量，代表六個組織的基因表現概況。分析這六個組織以重組序列的Gene Ontology 註解資訊，發現眼柄、肝胰臟及淋巴器官的表現基因功能分類有較明顯集中（enrichment）的傾向，挑選其中差異較大的眼柄及肝胰臟，進一步分析兩組織的重組序列組成在KEGG pathway 的配置方式，是否有集中程度的差異。綜合 KEGG pathway 與 GO term 的分析結果顯示，兩組織間都有共同表現的重組序列，大多是參與轉譯過程的基因，眼柄組織特有序列較集中表現actin及myosin兩個基因，肝胰臟組織的特有序列，則是表現血藍素 (hemocyanin)。本研究提供不同的序列組裝策略，運用重組序列之註解了解組織特異性，其結果能幫助我們對白蝦的基因更加了解，過程得到的資料也可提供後續研究者作為研究之參考。
參考網站：http://ips.sinica.edu.tw/lvThe Pacific white shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei, has became a more important animal in shrimp aquaculture. Although its genome has not been fully sequenced, this economically important species has attracted researchers for building a rich source of ESTs for benefiting both the basic biology and the applied science. Expressed Sequence Tags (ESTs), are short sequences derived from a batch-wise partial sequencing result of cDNA library, which may represents the relative expression level of transcripts in the library. It is an effective approach to get numerous sequences of protein coding genes of a species without previous knowing about the genome context. In this study, we collected 161,241 ESTs of white shrimp from public database. Reference sequences from two taxonomically closed species Daphnia pulex and Drosophila melanogaster were used for selecting subset for de novo assembling. Totally, 37,401 assembled sequences, including 16,886 contigs and 20,515 singletons, were obtained. Over 40% of the assemblies could be matched to homolog sequences in non-redundant protein database and/or protein domain feature in Pfam database. Six tissues including eyestalk, gills, hemocyte, hepatopancreas, lymphoid organ and nerve cord are the major tissue source of this collection. Assemblies were annotated and the expression level of each assembled contig/ singleton in each tissue was calculated by the number of ESTs contributed to this contig/singleton. Enrichment analyses were further applied to detect Gene Ontology terms, and KEGG pathway for describing the unique function of each tissue. For example, the unique expressing subset of hepatopancreas is related to hemocyanin in KEGG pathway enrichment analysis result, while the unique subset in eyestalk represent actin and myosin genes. In summary, this study provides an alternative strategy of assembling EST and the data produced from this research can assist any studies about white shrimp in the future.
Reference URL: http://ips.iis.sinica.edu.tw/l
Antioxidative activity, total phenolic and anthocyanins contents of black soybean koji after heating
No full text摘要
本研究以 Aspergillus awamori作為菌酛製備黑豆麴，探討不同溫度 (40、60、80及100℃，30分鐘) 與不同時間 (100℃，5、10、15、20及30分鐘) 加熱處理黑豆與黑豆麴後，其甲醇萃取物之DPPH 自由基清除能力、亞鐵離子螯合能力、還原力及Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC)，並測試黑豆麴中總酚類化合物及花青素含量之變化。
結果顯示，黑豆麴之DPPH 自由基清除能力、亞鐵離子螯合能力、還原力及 TEAC，隨著加熱溫度提高有下降之趨勢，並於100℃加熱下黑豆麴之抗氧化能力最差；與加熱處理過之未發酵黑豆作比較，大致而言未發酵黑豆之抗氧化活性其熱穩定性優於黑豆麴。以100℃，不同時間 (5、10、15、20及30分鐘) 加熱黑豆麴，發現其甲醇萃取物之抗氧化活性大致上隨著加熱時間之增加而有減弱之趨勢，並於加熱5~10分鐘後之抗氧化活性受到熱破壞之程度較低。另發現黑豆麴經加熱處理後之總酚類化合物與花青素含量皆會受到加熱處理影響。在80℃以上之溫度加熱而顯著性 (p<0.05) 降低其花青素含量，而總酚類化合物於40℃加熱後即顯著 (p<0.05) 下降。目錄
摘要------------------------------------------------------------------------------- I
Abstract --------------------------------------------------------------------------- II
目錄------------------------------------------------------------------------------- III
圖次------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Ⅵ
表次------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Ⅶ
壹、前言------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1
貳、文獻整理------------------------------------------------------------------- 3
一、黑豆------------------------------------------------------------------------- 3
二、總酚類化合物------------------------------------------------------------- 4
三、花青素---------------------------------------------------------------------- 6
四、其它------------------------------------------------------------------------- 6
五、發酵製品之抗氧化活性------------------------------------------------- 8
六、熱對抗氧化活性之影響------------------------------------------------- 12
七、氧化作用及抗氧化之機制與原理------------------------------------- 13
1. 自由基---------------------------------------------------------------------- 13
2. 自由基之作用與傷害---------------------------------------------------- 14
3. 氧化性傷害---------------------------------------------------------------- 15
4. 抗氧化劑作用與機制---------------------------------------------------- 16
4.1 自由基終止型(Free radical terminator)---------------------------- 16
4.2 還原劑或氧清除劑(Reducing agent or oxygen scavengers)---- 16
4.3 單重態氧抑制劑(Singlet oxygen inhibitor)------------------------ 17
4.4 金屬螯合劑( Chelating agent)--------------------------------------- 17
4.5 抗氧化酵素(Antioxidative enzyme)-------------------------------- 18
4.6 天然抗氧化劑----------------------------------------------------------- 18
參、材料與方法----------------------------------------------------------------- 20
一、材料------------------------------------------------------------------------- 20
1. 黑豆------------------------------------------------------------------------- 20
2. 菌種------------------------------------------------------------------------- 20
3. 培養基---------------------------------------------------------------------- 20
4. 藥品------------------------------------------------------------------------- 20
5. 儀器設備------------------------------------------------------------------- 22
二、樣品製備------------------------------------------------------------------- 24
1. 菌株保存與活化---------------------------------------------------------- 24
2. 冷凍保存------------------------------------------------------------------- 24
3. 活化------------------------------------------------------------------------- 24
4. 孢子液製備---------------------------------------------------------------- 24
5. 製備黑豆麴---------------------------------------------------------------- 24
6. 黑豆麴加熱處理---------------------------------------------------------- 25
7. 黑豆麴甲醇萃取物之製備---------------------------------------------- 25
三、分析方法------------------------------------------------------------------- 26
1. 抗氧化活性之製備------------------------------------------------------- 26
1.1 DPPH 自由基清除能力------------------------------------------------ 26
1.2 亞鐵離子螯合能力---------------------------------------------------- 27
1.3 還原力------------------------------------------------------------------- 27
1.4 TEAC--------------------------------------------------------------------- 28
2. 總酚類化合物含量測定--------------------------------------------------- 29
3. 花青素含量測定------------------------------------------------------------ 29
4. 統計分析--------------------------------------------------------------------- 30
肆、結果與討論--------------------------------------------------------------- 31
一、黑豆麴不同溫度加熱處理後之抗氧化活性------------------------- 31
1. DPPH 自由基清除能力--------------------------------------------------- 31
2.亞鐵離子螯合能力--------------------------------------------------------- 35
3.還原力------------------------------------------------------------------------ 38
4. TEAC ------------------------------------------------------------------------ 40
二、未發酵黑豆之不同溫度加熱處理後之抗氧化活性---------------- 42
三、加熱處理對黑豆麴與未發酵黑豆抗氧化能力之比較-------------- 48
四、不同時間加熱處理黑豆麴之抗氧化能力--------------------------- 49
五、加熱處理對黑豆麴中總酚類化合物含量之影響------------------ 56
六、加熱處理對黑豆麴中花青素含量之影響--------------------------- 58
七、抗氧化物質與抗氧化能力之關係------------------------------------ 60
伍、結論-------------------------------------------------------------------------- 62
陸、參考文獻-------------------------------------------------------------------- 6
Analytical Study of Shear Strength Behavior of Reinforced Concrete Coupling Beams
No full text台灣位處於環太平洋地震帶上，鋼筋混凝土建築物耐震能力為不可缺少之考量，其中又以剪力牆系統被廣泛使用於耐震設計中。由於建築使用需求，常對剪力牆開孔，而造成剪力牆抵抗側力之能力下降，但若於剪力牆系統中配置鋼筋混凝土剪力連接梁便能補足整體剪力牆系統之韌性行為。然而，現今並未能完全了解剪力連接梁之行為及其鋼筋配置細節原理。因此本研究旨在探討剪力連接梁之剪力強度及其變形之關係。
本研究先蒐集國內外鋼筋混凝土剪力連接梁試體之測試數據，採用ACI 318-11規範及壓拉桿模型之剪力預測強度與試體之撓曲預測強度，並將剪力衰減列入考量，而利用剪力強度衰減模型預測破壞模式、剪力強度與試體位移等諸多參數。Reinforced concrete buildings in seismic zones have been limited to low-rise or medium-rise buildings worldwide because of a lack of structural safety against earthquake. A high-rise reinforced concrete building can be built with the aids of the structural walls which provide lateral resistance efficiently. Architectural considerations usually result in window and door openings in structural walls, which divided a single wall into more slender walls connected by short beams, referred to as coupling beams. However, the behavior of coupling beams is still uncertain. Therefor the research focuses on the relationship between shear strength and deformation of coupling beams.
This research collected available test data first and used the ACI 318-11 code and the Strut-and-Tie model to predict shear strength. Shear degradation was also taken into consideration. The failure model、shear strength and deformation capacity of coupling beams can be predicted using proposed shear degradation model
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Study Of Nondestructive Testing Of Concrete Tunnels
No full text由於台灣的山地面積約佔總面積的三分之二，很多重大工程必需靠隧道工
程始能竟其功， 至今尚未有一套可行的非破壞檢測技術對其施工品質進
行評估。 本文之目的即在研究敲擊回音法應用至隧道混凝土襯砌非破壞
檢測之可行性。 敲擊回音法是ㄧ種利用較低頻率暫態波傳原理所研發出
來的非破壞試驗法以偵測混凝土結構內部之裂縫、孔隙及蜂窩， 本文之
研究重點在於利用此法來檢測混凝土襯砌與岩盤之膠結情形、 量測襯砌
之厚度及偵測其內部之瑕疵。 本研究首先針對不同曲率之混凝土管壁進
行數值分析與現場敲擊試驗， 以了解含曲率之壁體與平版間敲擊反應之
異同，由數值分析結果得知二者敲擊回音反應主要仍為壁體及平版之厚度
所控制。 由於混凝土皆與其開挖之岩盤緊湊在一起， 本文即分別進行由
數值分析與實驗室模擬試驗， 探討混凝土緊接軟硬介質時之敲擊回音反
應，以建立現場試驗之基本資料。 研究項目包括混凝土襯砌與岩盤膠結
情形，量測襯砌之厚度及偵測其內部之瑕疵。 最後實際至明潭抽蓄水庫
做現場敲擊試驗，研究結果顯示敲擊回音法確實是可應用來評估隧道混凝
土襯砌品質之非破壞檢測技術
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