55,279 research outputs found
C/EBPalpha downregualtes c-jun expression
Get PDFThe transcription factor C/EBPa is crucial for the differentiation of granulocytes. Conditional expression of C/EBPa triggers neutrophilic differentiation and C/EBPa can block TPA induced monocytic differentiation of bipotential myeloid cells. In C/EBPa knockout mice, no mature granulocytes are present. A dramatic increase of c-jun mRNA in C/EBPa knockout mice fetal liver was observed. c-jun, a component of the AP-1 transcription factor complex and a co-activator of the transcription factor PU.1, is important for monocytic differentiation. Here we report that C/EBPa downregulates c-jun expression to drive granulocytic differentiation. Ectopic increase of C/EBPa expression decreases c-jun mRNA level, and the human c-jun promoter activity is downregulated 8 fold in presence of C/EBPa. C/EBPa and c-jun interact through their leucine zipper domains and this interaction prevents c-jun from binding to DNA. This results in downregulation of c-jun’s capacity to autoregulate its own promoter through the proximal AP-1 site. Overexpression of c-jun prevents C/EBPa induced granulocytic differentiation. c-jun expression was higher in AML M2 patients with dominant negative C/EBPa mutations in comparison to AML M2 patients without C/EBPa mutations. Thus, we propose a model in which C/EBPa needs to downregulate c-jun expression and transactivation capacity for promoting granulocytic differentiation.Der Transkriptionsfaktor C/EBPa ist essentiell für die Differenzierung von Granulozyten. Die konditionelle Expression von C/EBPa induziert die neutrophile Differenzierung. Überdies kann C/EBPa die TPA-induzierte Differenzierung von myeloiden Vorläuferzellen zu Monozyten blockieren. In C/EBPa knockout Mäusen gibt es keine reifen Granulozyten. In der fötalen Leber von C/EBPa knockout Mäusen konnte eine stark erhöhte Expression der c-jun mRNA beobachtet werden. c-jun ist eine Komponente des AP-1 Transkriptionsfaktorkomplexes, ein Koaktivator des Transkriptionsfaktors PU.1 und ist wichtig für die Differenzierung von Monozyten. In dieser Arbeit zeigen wir, dass C/EBPa die c-jun Expression herunterreguliert und somit die Differenzierung von Granulozyten induziert. Die Überexpression von C/EBPa reduzierte die c-jun mRNA Menge und die Aktivität des humanen c-jun Promotors war in der Gegenwart von C/EBPa 8-fach herunterreguliert. C/EBPa und c-jun interagieren über ihre Leucin-Zipper Domänen und diese Interaktion verhindert die DNA-Bindung von c-jun. Dies resultiert in einer verminderten Kapazität von c-jun, den eigenen Promotor über die proximale AP-1 Stelle zu regulieren. Die Überexpression von c-jun blockiert die durch C/EBPa induzierte granulozytäre Differenzierung. Die c-jun Expression war in AML-M2 Patienten mit dominant-negativen Mutationen in C/EBPa im Vergleich zu AML-M2 Patienten ohne Mutationen in C/EBPa erhöht. Aufgrund dieser Daten schlagen wir ein Modell vor, in dem C/EBPa die Expression und Transaktivierungskapazität von c-jun herunterregulieren muß, um die granulozytäre Differenzierung zu induzieren
XIAO-LONG LIN, HAI-JUN YU, RUI-LEI ZHANG & XIN-HUA WANG (2019) Polypedilum (Cerobregma) heberti sp. n. (Diptera: Chironomidae) from Gaoligong Mountains, Yunnan, China Zootaxa, 4571: 255-262.
No full textLin, Xiao-Long, Yu, Hai-Jun, Zhang, Rui-Lei, Wang, Xin-Hua (2020): XIAO-LONG LIN, HAI-JUN YU, RUI-LEI ZHANG & XIN-HUA WANG (2019) Polypedilum (Cerobregma) heberti sp. n. (Diptera: Chironomidae) from Gaoligong Mountains, Yunnan, China Zootaxa, 4571: 255-262. Zootaxa 4852 (4): 500-500, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4852.4.
Signaling through CD44 affects cell cycle progression and c-Jun expression in acute myeloid leukemia cells
Get PDFWe present here the first evidence linking CD44 signaling to c-Jun expression and cell cycle progression in myeloid cell line models. CD44 ligation with the anti-CD44 monoclonal antibodies have been shown to induce differentiation and inhibit the proliferation of human acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cells, and c-Jun is involved in the regulation of these processes. The effects of anti-CD44 monoclonal antibody A3D8, on myeloid cells were associated with specific disruption of cell cycle events and induction of G0/G1 arrest. Induction of G0/G1 arrest was accompanied by an increase in the expression of p21, attenuation of pRb phosphorylation and associated with decreased CDK2 and CDK4 kinase activities. We observed that A3D8 treatment of AML patient blasts and HL60/U937 cells led to the downregulation of c-Jun expression at mRNA and protein level. Transient transfection studies showed the inhibition of c-jun promoter activity by A3D8, involving both AP-1 sites. Furthermore, A3D8 treatment caused a decrease in JNK protein expression and a decrease in the level of phosphorylated c-Jun. Ectopic overexpression of c-Jun in HL60 cells was able to induce proliferation and prevent the anti-proliferative effects of A3D8. Targeting of G1 regulatory proteins and the resulting induction of G1 arrest by A3D8 may provide new insights into anti-proliferative and differentiation therapy of AML
Proto-oncogene c-jun expression is induced by AML1-ETO in a JNK dependent manner:possible role in the pathogenesis of acute myeloid leukemia
Get PDFOverexpression of proto-oncogene c-jun and constitutive activation of the Jun NH2-terminal kinase (JNK) signaling pathway have been implicated in the leukemic transformation process. However, c-jun expression has not been investigated in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cells containing the most common chromosomal translocations. t(8;21) is one of the most common AML-associated translocation and results in the AML1-ETO fusion protein. Overexpression of AML1-ETO in NIH3T3 cells leads to increased phosphorylation of Ser63 in c-Jun, which is generally JNK dependent. The role of the JNK signaling pathway for the functional properties of AML1-ETO is, however, unknown.
In the present study we found high expression levels of c-jun mRNA in t(8;21), t(15;17) or inv(16) positive patient cells by microarray analysis. Within t(8;21) positive patient samples, there was a correlation between AML1-ETO and c-jun mRNA expression levels. In myeloid U937 cells, c-jun mRNA and c-Jun protein expression levels increased upon induction of AML1-ETO. AML1-ETO transactivated the human c-jun promoter through the proximal AP-1 site via activating the JNK signaling pathway. JNK targets c-Jun and ATF-2, which also bind to the proximal AP-1 site in U937 cells, were also phosphorylated upon AML1-ETO induction. Furthermore, AML1-ETO induction increased the DNA binding capacity of c-Jun and ATF-2 to the proximal AP-1 site of the c-jun promoter, which might result in their enhanced transactivation capacities.
Interference with JNK and c-Jun activation by using JIP-1 or a JNK inhibitor reduced the transactivation capacity of AML1-ETO on the c-jun promoter and the pro-apoptotic function of AML1-ETO in U937 cells. AML1-ETO seems to activate the JNK signaling pathway by inducing the expression of a cytoplasmic factor, possibly G-CSF, because supernatant of AML1-ETO expressing cells was sufficient to induce phosphorylation of JNK and c-Jun in wildtype U937 cells.
This data demonstrates a novel mechanism of how AML1-ETO might exert positive effects on target gene expression and identifies the proto-oncogene c-jun as a common target gene in AML patient cells.Überexpression des Proto-Onkogens c-jun und konstitutive Aktivierung des Jun NH2-terminalen Kinase (JNK)-Signaltransduktionsweges sind wichtig für die leukämische Transformation in der Chronischen Myeloischen Leukämie. Die Expression von c-jun bei Akuter Myeloischer Leukämie (AML) mit den häufigsten reziproken Translokationen ist jedoch unbekannt. Bei einer der häufigsten AML Translokation t(8;21) wurde in Fibroblastenzellen gezeigt, daß das AML1-ETO-Fusionsgen die Phosphorylierung des Serin 63 in c-Jun erhöht. Die Rolle des JNK-Signalweges, der c-Jun am Serin 63 phosphorylieren kann, für die Funktion von AML1-ETO wurde bisher jedoch nicht untersucht. Weiterhin kann aktiviertes c-Jun durch eine positive Rückkoppelungsschleife über den c-jun Promotor zur Erhöhung der c-Jun Expression führen.
In der vorliegenden Arbeit konnten wir zeigen, daß AML Patientenzellen mit den häufigen Translokationen: t(8;21), t(15;17) oder inv(16) mehr c-jun mRNA besitzen im Vergleich zu Knochenmarkszellen gesunder Probanden. Weiterhin fanden wir eine hohe Korrelation zwischen der AML1-ETO und der c-jun mRNA bei t(8;21) positiven Patientenzellen. Induktion von AML1-ETO in der myeloischen U937 Zellinie erhöhte sowohl c-jun mRNA als auch c-Jun Proteinexpression. Damit konnten wir zeigen, daß AML1-ETO die Erhöhung der c-jun Expression bewirkt. Wir untersuchten den molekularen Mechanismus in U937 Zellen mittels transienter Transfektionen und fanden, daß AML1-ETO den c-jun Promotor durch die proximale AP-1 Seite transaktiviert. Diese Transaktivierung erfolgte indirekt über Aktivierung des JNK-Signaltransduktionsweges durch AML1-ETO. AML1-ETO-Induktion führte auch zur Phosphorylierung der JNK-Zielproteine c-Jun und ATF-2. Diese konnten im Gelretardierungsassay an die proximale AP-1 Seite des c-jun Promotors binden und wurden durch AML1-ETO-Induktion in ihrer Bindungsfähigkeit verstärkt. Deshalb nehmen wir an, daß die Transaktivierungskapazität des c-jun Promotors durch AML1-ETO über die Aktivierung des JNK-Signalweges läuft
The polifical person\ue2s marketing \ue2 Penghu\ue2s legislator Lin Pin Kuan be elected
No full textSUMMARY
Marketing, by means of exchanging, results in obtaining the required products and service. Exchanging, the proceeding steps of value creation, usually will benefit mutually and further the exchanging of mutual values. The essence of marketing is aimed at creating customers\ue2 value and satisfaction. A precise definition to the studies of marketing as given by Philip Kotler is that the profitably contented with the requirement. Marketing is derived from the deeds of profits seeking business, while it can be applied to those none profit seeking individuals or organizations as well. Other than marketing of product and service, the deeds of none profit seeking do care about the marketing of human, the local affairs, concepts and organizations.
Marketing for people means the efforts to work out and manage the best advantages for certain individual or a group of people. The most common and prevailing examples can be observed in election campaigns. The campaign assistants work with every effort to look for campaign donations, volunteers, supporters and all sorts of campaign activities. The series of this study will focus on how to manipulate the marketing strategies for the politician. Being as the wife of a political figure, the author nominates Lin Pin-kuen, the senator elected from Peng-hu Hsien, as of the subject of case studies. Throughout four election campaigns, from a rookie to a veteran, suffered the failure in his first campaign while succeed in three consecutive terms, Senator Lin Pin-kuen accumulated profound experience in campaign manipulation and strategies.
Senator Lin Pin-kuen\ue2s campaign for Peng-hu Hsien in 2001 is the main topics in this case study. Analyses are built on the basis of marketing strategies and further studies in political activities, the election campaigns. Hopefully, the fulfillment of this case study will accomplish the following concepts:
1. The applications of \ue2marketing concept\ue2 to political party, partisan, campaign strategy and management.
2. The proof of marketing creativity and manipulation is applicable to election campaign.
3. Hoping that the necessity and possibility to apply marketing concept in campaign is unavoidable, so as to upgrade the campaign morality, culture and quality.
4. To prove that marketing theory and technique can be both applied to non-profit seeking realms.
Key words\uef\ubcmarketing\ue3customer orientation\ue3nonprofit marketing\ue3
person marketing\ue3SWOT analysis\ue3market segmentation\ue3market targeting\ue3position\ue3
integrated marketing communication
Erbb4 (Jm-B/Cyt-1)-Induced Expression and Phosphorylation of C-Jun Is Abrogated by Human Papillomavirus Type 16 E5 Protein
No full textHuman papillomavirus type 16 E5 (HPV-16 E5) is a highly hydrophobic membrane protein with weak-transforming activity , which is associated with ErbB4 receptor in HPV-16-infected cervical lesions. Presently, we investigated the transforming mechanisms of E5 involving ErbB4 signaling. Firstly, we report a role for ErbB4 (JM-b/CYT-1) receptor that activates c -jun gene expression and phosphorylating at Ser63 and Ser73 of the c-Jun protein in ligand-independent and Ras-c-jun NH2-terminal kinase-dependent pathway. Secondly, we show that HPV-16 E5 protein can form a complex with ErbB4 via binding to the extracellular and transmembrane domains of ErbB4 (JM-b/CYT-1). When co- expressing HPV-16 E5 and ErbB4 in cells, E5 can abrogate ErbB4-induced c-Jun protein expression and phosphorylation resulted in increasing cell proliferation compared to ErbB4- expressing cells. The interaction between of HPV-16 E5 and ErbB4 provides more insight into the mechanisms of HPV-16 E5 transformation induction
CUHK electronic theses & dissertations collection
No full textby Lin Jun."Nov. 28, 2000."Thesis (Ph.D.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2000.Includes bibliographical references.Electronic reproduction. Hong Kong : Chinese University of Hong Kong, [2012] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web.Mode of access: World Wide Web.Abstracts in English and Chinese
Reconsideration of the taxonomic status of Bulbophyllum obtusangulum (Orchidaceae) from southern China
No full textLi, Lin, Hu, Ai-Qun, Wu, Qiu-Ping, Wu, Kun-Lin, Fang, Lin, Zeng, Song-Jun (2021): Reconsideration of the taxonomic status of Bulbophyllum obtusangulum (Orchidaceae) from southern China. Phytotaxa 494 (2): 219-224, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.494.2.4, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.494.2.
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