69,470 research outputs found
Multiple functions of LIM domain-binding CLIM/NLI/Ldb cofactors during zebrafish development
No full textThe crucial involvement of CLIM/NLI/Ldb cofactors for the exertion of the biological activity of LIM homeodomain transcription factors (LIM-HD) has been demonstrated. In this paper we show that CLIM cofactors are widely expressed during zebrafish development with high protein levels in specific neuronal cell types where LIM-HD proteins of the Isl class are synthesized. The overexpression of a dominant-negative CLIM molecule (DN-CLIM) that contains the LIM interaction domain (LID) during early developmental stages of zebrafish embryos results in an impairment of eye and midbrain-hindbrain boundary (MHB) development and disturbances in the formation of the anterior midline. On a cellular level we show that the outgrowth of peripheral but not central axons from Rohon Beard (RB) and trigeminal sensory neurons is inhibited by DN-CLIM overexpression. We demonstrate a further critical role of CLIM cofactors for axonal outgrowth of motor neurons. Additionally, DN-CLIM overexpression causes an increase of Isl-protein expression levels in specific neuronal cell types, likely due to a protection of the DN-CLIM/LIM-HD complex from proteasomal degradation. Our results demonstrate multiple roles of the CLIM cofactor family for the development of entire organs, axonal outgrowth of specific neurons and protein expression levels
Four and a half LIM protein 1C (FHL1C)
No full textFour-and-a-half LIM domain protein 1 isoform A (FHL1A) is predominantly expressed in skeletal and cardiac muscle. Mutations in the FHL1 gene are causative for several types of hereditary myopathies including X-linked myopathy with postural muscle atrophy (XMPMA). We here studied myoblasts from XMPMA patients. We found that functional FHL1A protein is completely absent in patient myoblasts. In parallel, expression of FHL1C is either unaffected or increased. Furthermore, a decreased proliferation rate of XMPMA myoblasts compared to controls was observed but an increased number of XMPMA myoblasts was found in the G(0)/G(1) phase. Furthermore, low expression of K(v1.5), a voltage-gated potassium channel known to alter myoblast proliferation during the G(1) phase and to control repolarization of action potential, was detected. In order to substantiate a possible relation between K(v1.5) and FHL1C, a pull-down assay was performed. A physical and direct interaction of both proteins was observed in vitro. In addition, confocal microscopy revealed substantial colocalization of FHL1C and K(v1.5) within atrial cells, supporting a possible interaction between both proteins in vivo. Two-electrode voltage clamp experiments demonstrated that coexpression of K(v1.5) with FHL1C in Xenopus laevis oocytes markedly reduced K(+) currents when compared to oocytes expressing K(v1.5) only. We here present the first evidence on a biological relevance of FHL1C
Prekogranična saradnja za zaštitu životne sredine u doline reke Lim
No full textThe River Lim, flowing through the municipalities of Montenegro, Serbia, and Bosnia and Herzegovina, faces serious pollution and waste management issues, posing a threat to the ecosystem and local communities along its course. This paper explores the potential for cross-border cooperation among these countries aimed at enhancing environmental protection in the Lim River basin. Through an analysis of the current situation, the main sources of Lim River pollution are identified, including wastewater discharge into the river and the presence of illegal landfills along its banks. The emphasis is on finding effective strategies to reduce pollution and improve waste management. Proposed measures include improving waste collection and treatment infrastructure, strengthening legislation and enforcement to combat illegal waste dumping, and raising awareness about the importance of preserving water resources. It is crucial to establish coordinated action among the countries to achieve a more sustainable ecosystem along the Lim River. The aim of this paper is to highlight the importance of regional cooperation in environmental protection and provide specific guidelines for action to all relevant institutions, including governmental bodies, non-governmental organizations, and local communities.Urednici: Marko Joksimović, Branko Proti
Platyrrhinus guianensis Velazco & Lim, 2014, new species
No full textPlatyrrhinus guianensis new species Guianan Broad-nosed Bat Figures 4–7 P [latyrrhinus]. helleri: Lim, 1993: 162 (part) Platyrrhinus helleri: Smith and Kerry, 1996: 932 (part) Platyrrhinus helleri: Lim and Engstrom, 2000: 121 P [latyrrhinus]. helleri: Lim and Engstrom, 2001 a: 632 (part) Platyrrhinus helleri: Lim and Engstrom, 2001 b: 664 (part) Platyrrhinus helleri: Engstrom and Lim, 2002: 364 (part) Platyrrhinus helleri: Lim and Norman, 2002: 54 P [latyrrhinus]. helleri: Lim et al., 2002: 1239 (part) Platyrrhinus helleri: Lim and Engstrom, 2005: 77 (part) Platyrrhinus helleri: Lim et al., 2005 a: 244 (part) Platyrrhinus helleri: Lim et al., 2005 b: 87 (part) Platyrrhinus helleri: Clare et al., 2007: 187 (part) Platyrrhinus helleri: Borisenko et al., 2008: 475 (part) Platyrrhinus helleri: Lim, 2009: 45 (part) P [latyrrhinus]. recifinus: Velazco, 2009: 259 (part) Platyrrhinus recifinus: Tavares and Velazco, 2010: 119 (part) Platyrrhinus helleri: Clare et al., 2011: 8 (part) Platyrrhinus helleri: Clare, 2011: 4 (part) Platyrrhinus helleri: Lim, 2012: 253 (part) Platyrrhinus helleri: Lim and Tavares, 2012: 115 (part) Holotype. Dried skin, skull and skeleton of an adult pregnant female, Royal Ontario Museum (ROM) number 113465, obtained 20 September 2001 by Burton K. Lim and Zacharias Norman (original field number F 50445). The skin, skull, and skeleton are in good condition. Frozen tissues are deposited at the Royal Ontario Museum (F 50445). Type locality. Pobawau Creek mouth, 100 m; Upper Takutu-Upper Essequibo; Guyana, 3 ° 16 ’ 3.1 ”N, 58 ° 46 ’ 42.7 ”W (Fig. 3). Paratypes. The skin, skull, and skeleton of an adult male (ROM 108487) caught on 8 October 1997 at 38 mi Camp, 35 km SW Kurupukari, 100 m, Iwokrama Forest, Potaro-Siparuni, Guyana, 4 ° 22 ’W, 58 ° 51 ’W; one skin and skull of an adult male (ROM 114070) caught on 16 April 2002 and one skin, skull, and skeleton of an adult pregnant female (ROM 113991) caught on 13 April 2002 at Brownsberg Nature Park headquarters, 500 m, Brokopondo, Suriname, 4 ° 57 ’N, 55 ° 11 ’W; and the skin and skull of an adult male (ROM 114195) caught on 21 April 2002 at Km 2.4 Wittie Kreek trail, 300 m, Brownsberg Nature Park, Brokopondo, Suriname, 4 ° 56 ’N, 55 ° 10 ’W. The holotype and 4 paratypes, along with 31 other specimens from the known distributional range, are listed in Appendix 1 (Fig. 3). Measurements of each specimen of the type series of P. guianensis are provided in Table 4. Distribution. Platyrrhinus guianensis is known from Guyana and Suriname (Fig. 3). Etymology. The species name is derived from the Latin description of its endemic distribution in the Guiana region of South America. Diagnosis. Platyrrhinus guianensis is distinguished from its congeners by a combination of external and craniodental characteristics. The ventral fur is dark gray; ventral fur unicolor; dorsal stripe wide and brilliant white; fringe of hair along margin of uropatagium long, conspicuously dense, and pale yellow. The skull of P. guianensis lacks a fossa on the squamosal root of the zygomatic arch. Dentally, two stylar cuspules are present on the posterior cristid of P 4; and one stylid cuspulid on the anterior cristid of p 4. Description. Platyrrhinus guianensis is a small Platyrrhinus (FA 37–41 mm) distinguished from its sister species P. recifinus by its smaller size and shorter skull (Table 5; Velazco & Gardner 2009, Table 2–4 and 7). However, measurements of P. guianensis overlap with P. angustirostris, P. brachycephalus, P. fusciventris, P. helleri, P. i n c a r u m, and P. matapalensis (Tables 4 –5). Dorsal fur mostly dark brown, but paler on the upper dorsum; dorsal fur is bicolored with darker tips; facial stripes wide and white; dorsal stripe brilliant white; ventral fur dark gray, individual hairs unicolored; pinnae have well-marked fold lines; tragus and anterior and posterior rims of pinnae bright yellow (Fig. 4); lateral borders of the proximal half of the noseleaf and borders of the horseshoe yellow; inferior border of the horseshoe completely free of upper lip; posterior margin of uropatagium has the shape of an inverted ‘U’; hair on upper surface of feet brown, long and dense (Fig. 5); fringe of hair along the trailing margin of uropatagium long, conspicuously dense, and pale yellow; metacarpal III longer than metacarpal V. Rostrum is slender; has a well developed anterior notch in the nasals; postorbital processes moderately developed; paraoccipital processes poorly developed; two infraorbital foramina present; posterior border of hard palate ‘V’-shaped (Fig. 6); fossa on the squamosal root of the zygomatic arch absent; and paraoccipital and paracondylar processes poorly developed. Upper inner incisors bilobed and convergent, not in contact, and tips extend below level of cingula of upper canines; upper outer incisors monolobate; two stylar cuspules on posterior cristid of P 4; hypoconal basin fossa of P 4 shallow; M 1 parastyle present; M 1 mesostyle absent; M 1 metacone divided in two cones; M 1 metacone labial cingulum present; stylar cuspule absent on lingual cingulum of M 1 metacone; sulcus on posterior cristid of paracone joined to cingulum of lingual face of metacone on M 1; M 1 metastyle present; M 1 protocone well developed; M 2 parastyle present; labial cingulum present on M 2 paracone; stylar cuspule on lingual face of M 2 paracone absent; M 2 metastyle present; stylar cuspule absent on lingual face of M 2 metacone; lingual cingulum of the M 2 metacone not extending to the paracone; developed M 2 hypoconal basin; M 3 minute; labial and lingual cingulids on p 4; one stylid cuspulid on anterior cristid of p 4; two stylid cuspulids on posterior cristid of p 4; m 1 paraconid poorly developed; labial and lingual cingulids present on m 1; stylid cuspulid present on anterior cristid of m 1 protoconid; m 1 metaconid well developed; m 2 hypoconid absent; stylid cuspulid between the metaconid and protoconid poorly developed on m 2; labial and lingual cingulids present on m 2. Comparisons. Platyrrhinus guianensis can be confused with P. angustirostris, P. brachycephalus, P. fusciventris, P. he l l e r i, P. i nc a r u m, and P. matapalensis because their external and cranial measurements overlap (Table 3–4). But it can be easily distinguished from P. brachycephalus and P. matapalensis by the presence of one accessory cuspulid on the anterolingual cristid of p 4 (Fig. 7) (cuspulid lacking in P. matapalensis and two accessory cuspulids present in P. brachycephalus; Velazco 2005, fig. 27). Therefore, the following comparisons focus on differentiating P. guianensis from P. angustirostris, P. fusciventris, P. helleri, and P. incarum. Externally, ventral fur is dark gray in P. guianensis and P. angustirostris (brownish gray in P. i n c ar u m; pale gray in P. h el l e r i; brown in P. fusciventris); ventral fur unicolored in P. guianensis, P. angustirostris, P. fusciventris, and P. h el l e r i (bicolored in P. i nc a r u m); dorsal stripe wide and brilliant white in P. guianensis and P. he l l e r i (conspicuous but narrow in P. angustirostris, P. fusciventris, and P. incarum); tragus and anterior and posterior rims of pinnae bright yellow in P. guianensis, P. fusciventris, and P. helleri (whitish in P. angustirostris and P. incarum); lateral borders of the proximal half of the noseleaf and borders of the horseshoe yellow in P. guianensis, P. fusciventris, and P. he l l e r i (whitish in P. angustirostris and P. i n c ar um); posterior margin of uropatagium with a shape of an inverted ‘U’ in P. guianensis, P. angustirostris, and P. i n c ar u m (‘V’ shaped in P. fusciventris and P. helleri); fringe of hair along margin of uropatagium long, conspicuously dense, and pale yellow in P. guianensis (long, dense, and pale brown in P. helleri; long, dense, and whitish in P. fusciventris and P. i nc a r u m; short, dense, and pale brown in P. angustirostris); hair on the upper surface of feet brown, long and dense in P. guianensis, P. angustirostris, and P. i n c a r um (short and intermediate in density in P. fusciventris and P. hell eri); metacarpal III longer than metacarpal V in P. guianensis, P. angustirostris, and P. i n c a r um (metacarpals III and V subequal in P. fusciventris and P. he l l e r i). Cranially, there is a ‘V’-shaped posterior border of the hard palate in P. guianensis, P. angustirostris, P. hel leri, and P. i n c ar u m (‘V’- or ‘U’-shaped in P. fusciventris); fossa on the squamosal root of the zygomatic arch absent in P. guianensis, P. helleri, and P. i ncarum (shallow in P. angustirostris and P. fusciventris). Dentally, there are two stylar cuspules on posterior cristid of P 4 in P. guianensis, P. fusciventris, P. helleri, and P. i nc a r u m (three in P. angustirostris); stylar cuspule on lingual face of M 2 paracone absent in P. guianensis, P. angustirostris, and P. fusciventris (one stylar cuspule in P. he l l e r i and P. incarum); M 3 minute in P. guianensis and P. i n ca r u m (larger in P. h el l e r i, P. angustirostris, and P. fusciventris); one stylid cuspulid on the anterior cristid of p 4 in P. guianensis, P. fusciventris, and P. helleri (one or two in P. i n ca r u m and P. angustirostris); tall m 2 protoconid in P. guianensis, P. angustirostris, P. fusciventris, P. i n c a r um (Fig. 7) (shorter in P. helleri); hypoconid lacking on m 2 in P. guianensis, P. angustirostris, P. fusciventris, and P. helleri (poorly developed in P. i n c a r um); poorly developed stylid cuspulid between the metaconid and protoconid on m 2 in P. guianensis, P. fusciventris, and P. helleri (well developed in P. i ncarum and P. angustirostris). Natural history. Platyrrhinus guianensis has been documented from an elevational range of 60 to 500 m and is found primarily in rainforest (n= 33), but 3 individuals were netted in savanna. Of the 36 specimens examined, 16 are males and 20 females. Testes size (length by width in mm) ranged from 3 by 2 to 5 by 4. From 12 January to 9 February 2006, 8 of 10 females were pregnant with crown-rump (CR) measurements ranging from 4 to 13 mm. A female was pregnant on 13 April 2002 and another on 27 July 2009 with CR of 13 mm and 4 mm, respectively. Three females were pregnant on 20 and 21 September 2001 with CR ranging from 18 to 21 mm. A non-pregnant female was collected on 24 October 1997. A female had an embryo with CR of 26 mm collected on 31 October 2005. Two non-pregnant lactating females were caught on 8 and 11 November 1999 and one non-pregnant female was caught on 19 November 1997.Published as part of Velazco, Paúl M. & Lim, Burton K., 2014, A new species of broad-nosed bat Platyrrhinus Saussure, 1860 (Chiroptera: Phyllostomidae) from the Guianan Shield, pp. 175-193 in Zootaxa 3796 (1) on pages 181-189, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3796.1.9, http://zenodo.org/record/22516
A Dynamic Subfilter-scale Stress Model for Large Eddy Simulations Based on Physical Flow Scales
No full textWe propose a new definition of the length scale in an eddy-viscosity model for large-eddy simulations (LES). This formulation extends and generalizes a previous proposal [Piomelli, Rouhi and Geurts, Proc. ETMM10, 2014], in which the LES length scale was expressed in terms of the integral length-scale of turbulence determined by the flow characteristics and explicitly decoupled from the simulation grid; this approach was named Integral Length-Scale Approximation (ILSA). As in the original ILSA, the model coefficient was determined by the user, and required to maintain a desired contribution of the unresolved, subfilter scales (SFS) to the global transport. We propose a local formulation (local ILSA) in which the model coefficient is local in space, allowing a precise control over SFS activity as a function of location. This new formulation preserves the properties of the global model; application to channel flow and backward-facing step verifies its features and accuracy
Large-eddy simulation of a separated flow with a sub-filter scale model based on the integral length-scale
No full textA new sub-filter scale model for large-eddy simulations, which uses a length-scale proportional to the integral scale of the turbulence instead of the grid resolution to parametrize the modelled stresses, will be assessed in the prediction of the flow of a boundary-layer over a rough surface, which includes separation and reattachment
Near Wall PIV-Measurements on the Windward Slope of a Hill
No full textThe turbulent flow over periodic hills was measured near to the wall, using planar Particle-Image-Velocimetry (PIV) at high spatial resolution. Our focus is on the near wall turbulence structure on the windward slope of the hill. For large-eddy simulation (LES) we suspect that, if this was not predicted accurately, it affects the prediction of the velocity profiles over the hill crest which in turn will affect the recirculation length downstream of the hill. Regarding the time averaged velocities, we were able to resolve the linear viscous region of the boundary layer. The velocity distribution and also the Reynolds stress does not comply with the law of the wall as it is valid for a turbulent boundary layer at equilibrium
Energy dissipation and flux laws for unsteady turbulence
No full textDirect Numerical Simulations of spatially periodic unsteady turbulence show that the high Reynolds number scalings of the instantaneous energy dissipation rate and interscale energy flux at intermediate wavenumbers are qualitatively different from the well-known cornerstone scalings of equilibrium turbulence where and are time-dependent rms velocity and integral length-scales. Instead, they both scale as where and are length and velocity scales characterizing initial/overall unsteady turbulence conditions
Prorops mandibularis Lim, sp. nov.
No full textProrops mandibularis Lim, sp. nov. (Figs 1–9) Type material. Holotype Ƥ, Central Cardamom Protected Forest, Osom Commune, Veal Veng, Pursat, Cambodia, 12 °03' 41.6 "N 103 ° 14 ' 40.8 "E, altitude 588 m, 17–22.viii. 2010, Malaise trap, Jongok LIM leg. (SNU). Diagnosis. FEMALE. Head longer than wide; mandible distinctly hypognathous, broad and flat with two teeth; clypeus short; pronotum trapezoidal; mesoscutum without parapsidal furrow and notauli; scutellum with anterior thin transverse groove; propodeal disc without posterior and lateral carina; metasoma smooth without puncture and microreticulation. MALE unknown. Description. Holotype (female). Body length 2.87 mm. LFW 1.74 mm. Color. Head dark castaneous, mandible, antenna, and frontal process castaneous. Mesosoma dark castaneous, legs yellow except coxa and femora dark castaneous, wings subhyaline, veins castaneous. Metasoma dark castaneous. Head (Figs 2–4). Polished, 1.3 × as long as wide (frontal process included) with deeply concave posterior margin and posterior corners forming rounded angle in dorsal view; length of head 1.6 × as long as maximum height in lateral view. Frons and vertex polish, microreticulate with very sparse and shallow punctures. Mandible typically hypognathous with two teeth; lower tooth longer and sharpened than upper tooth; width of mandible getting wide downward, lower width 2.1 × as wide as basal width in frontal view. Frontal process 0.3 mm in length; anteriorly well-developed, apex broadly rounded, not bifid; maximum length of process 2.1 × as long as maximum basal width; maximum length of process 1.3 × as long as maximum length of mandible in lateral view; median groove continued from apex to mid line of compound eye in dorsal view. Clypeus short, apical margin truncated in ventral view; maximum length of frontal process 3.0 × length of clypeus in lateral view. Antenna twelve segmented; first five antennal segments in ratio of 3.5: 1.6: 1.1: 1.0: 1.0 in length; scape, pedicel, flagellemore 1 –3,10 2.6 ×, 1.8 ×, 1.3 ×, 0.9 ×, 0.8 ×, and 2.0 × as long as wide, respectively; flagellomeres 2–8 wider than long,. Compound eye 0.22 mm long with short hairs; LE 1.0 × OOL; WF 4.1 × WOT. Ocelli forming compact angle, POL 1.1 × AOL; OOL 2.2 × WOT; posterior ocellus separated from posterior margin by 2.5 × as maximum diameter of anterior ocellus. Mesosoma (Figs 5–8). Pronotum polished, trapezoidal, 0.5 × as long as wide, strongly microreticulate without puncture, anterior corners forming obtuse angle in dorsal view. Mesoscutum polished, microreticulate without puncture; notauli and parapsidal furrow absent. Scutellum microreticulate with anterior thin transverse groove. Propodeal disc polished and parallel in dorsal view; disc 0.9 × as long as wide without lateral and transverse carina; disc almost smooth with very weak microreticulation. Declivity of propodeum smooth without median carina. Mesopleuron with one fovea in lateral view. Fore wing without pterostigma; margin densely fringed without closed cell; anal, basal, costal, and median vein absent. Metasoma (Fig. 9). Polish and smooth without microreticulation and puncture. Remarks. Among the congeneric species, the new species can be easily distinguished from Prorops obsoleta Evans by having radial vein; from P. r a k a n Terayama by ratio of LH/WH and mandible with two teeth; from P. petila Evans by short scape, 2.6 × as long as wide and mandible with two teeth; from P. n a s u t a Waterston by mandible with two teeth, ocelli distinctly far from posterior margin of head. Most easily, the new species can be separated from congeneric species by having hypognathous mouthpart. Etymology. The species name refers to the large and downwardly developed mandible.Published as part of Lim, Jongok & Lee, Seunghwan, 2011, A new species of Prorops Waterston 1923 (Hymenoptera: Bethylidae) from Cambodia with a key to world species, pp. 25-28 in Zootaxa 3040 on pages 25-27, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.27878
Direct numerical simulation of turbulent Couette-Poiseuille flow with zero skin friction
No full textThe near-wall scaling of mean velocity U(y) is addressed for the case of zero skin friction on one wall of a fully turbulent channel flow. The present DNS results can be added to the evidence in support of the conjecture that U is proportional to √yw in the region just above the wall at which the mean shear dU/dy = 0
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