46,014 research outputs found
A comment on "Intergenerational equity: sup, inf, lim sup, and lim inf"
No full textWe reexamine the analysis of Chambers (Social Choice and Welfare, 2009), that produces a characterization of a family of social welfare functions in the context of intergenerational equity: namely, those that coincide with either the sup, inf, lim sup, or lim inf rule. Reinforcement, ordinal covariance, and monotonicity jointly identify such class of rules. We show that the addition of a suitable axiom to this three properties permits to characterize each particular rule. A discussion of the respective distinctive properties is provided.Social welfare function; Intergenerational equity; Lim sup ; Lim inf
The influence of high-intensity exercise training on the W(lim)-T(lim) relationship
No full textWhen exercise to exhaustion is performed using at least two different intensities, work to fatigue (W(lim)) can be expressed as a linear function of time to fatigue (T(lim)). Whereas the slope of this function is related to endurance ability, the y-intercept is associated with the potential to perform high intensity interval exercise. The purpose of the present investigation was to determine the influence of 8-wk intermittent high-intensity exercise training on the y-intercept derived from the W(lim)-T(lim) relationship. Eight healthy, untrained male students (19.1 +/- 0.6 yr) completed five 60-s bouts of maximal exercise on the cycle ergometer, three times a week, for 8 wk. Seven controls avoided regular activity for the same period. Prior to and immediately following the training period, the W(lim)-T(lim) relationship, VO2max, and total work completed in five 60-s exercise bouts on the cycle ergometer were determined. Correlational analysis established relationships between the y-intercept and total work accomplished in the interval test pre- (r = 0.90; P < 0.01; N = 15) and post-training (r = 0.92; P < 0.0 1; N = 15), confirming that the y-intercept is related to the ability to perform exercise of this nature. Moreover, the ''anaerobic'' energy yield, calculated from total work and oxygen consumed during the interval exercise, was also related to the y-intercept (r = 0.78; P < 0.01). Interval training significantly increased both the y-intercept (P = 0.0015) and total work accomplished in the interval test (P = 0.001), while the slope of the W(lim)-T(lim) relationship (critical power) remained unchanged. Changes in the y-intercept were correlated to changes in total work accomplished (r = 0.85; P < 0.01). Furthermore, peak post-exercise plasma lactate concentration resulting from the interval task increased from 12.2 +/- 1.6 to 16.3 +/- 0.9 mmol.-1 (P = 0.003), while oxygen consumed during this exercise demand was not significantly changed with training (P = 0. 166). The present study has demonstrated that not only does the y-intercept of the W(lim)-T(lim) relationship provide a measure of the ability to undertake repeated bouts of maximal, high intensity exercise, but that this particular characteristic is also responsive to exhaustive interval training
Multiple functions of LIM domain-binding CLIM/NLI/Ldb cofactors during zebrafish development
No full textThe crucial involvement of CLIM/NLI/Ldb cofactors for the exertion of the biological activity of LIM homeodomain transcription factors (LIM-HD) has been demonstrated. In this paper we show that CLIM cofactors are widely expressed during zebrafish development with high protein levels in specific neuronal cell types where LIM-HD proteins of the Isl class are synthesized. The overexpression of a dominant-negative CLIM molecule (DN-CLIM) that contains the LIM interaction domain (LID) during early developmental stages of zebrafish embryos results in an impairment of eye and midbrain-hindbrain boundary (MHB) development and disturbances in the formation of the anterior midline. On a cellular level we show that the outgrowth of peripheral but not central axons from Rohon Beard (RB) and trigeminal sensory neurons is inhibited by DN-CLIM overexpression. We demonstrate a further critical role of CLIM cofactors for axonal outgrowth of motor neurons. Additionally, DN-CLIM overexpression causes an increase of Isl-protein expression levels in specific neuronal cell types, likely due to a protection of the DN-CLIM/LIM-HD complex from proteasomal degradation. Our results demonstrate multiple roles of the CLIM cofactor family for the development of entire organs, axonal outgrowth of specific neurons and protein expression levels
Four and a half LIM protein 1C (FHL1C)
No full textFour-and-a-half LIM domain protein 1 isoform A (FHL1A) is predominantly expressed in skeletal and cardiac muscle. Mutations in the FHL1 gene are causative for several types of hereditary myopathies including X-linked myopathy with postural muscle atrophy (XMPMA). We here studied myoblasts from XMPMA patients. We found that functional FHL1A protein is completely absent in patient myoblasts. In parallel, expression of FHL1C is either unaffected or increased. Furthermore, a decreased proliferation rate of XMPMA myoblasts compared to controls was observed but an increased number of XMPMA myoblasts was found in the G(0)/G(1) phase. Furthermore, low expression of K(v1.5), a voltage-gated potassium channel known to alter myoblast proliferation during the G(1) phase and to control repolarization of action potential, was detected. In order to substantiate a possible relation between K(v1.5) and FHL1C, a pull-down assay was performed. A physical and direct interaction of both proteins was observed in vitro. In addition, confocal microscopy revealed substantial colocalization of FHL1C and K(v1.5) within atrial cells, supporting a possible interaction between both proteins in vivo. Two-electrode voltage clamp experiments demonstrated that coexpression of K(v1.5) with FHL1C in Xenopus laevis oocytes markedly reduced K(+) currents when compared to oocytes expressing K(v1.5) only. We here present the first evidence on a biological relevance of FHL1C
Author neologisms in the novel "Rzeczy uprzyjemniające. Utopia" by T. Boldak-Janovska
No full textThe purpose of this article is an analysis of author neologisms extracted from the novel "Rzeczy uprzyjemniające. Utopia" by T. Boldak-Janovska – writer, although living in Olsztyn, belonging to the Polish-Belarusian border. The object of research was elected not by accident: for a few years the novel attracts the attention of readers and critics. For the purposes of this analysis were selected 186 neologisms, mostly nouns and verbs, most of whom are motivated formations. The most numerous are the names of animals, birds, reptile and fish, names of plants, trees, shrubs, names of everyday objects. Author neologisms constitute an indispensable component of the Polish vocabulary. They are understandable for the users through the context and through the semantic link to the radial network to which they [email protected]. Bołdak-Janowska, 2009, Rzeczy uprzyjemniające. Utopia, Olsztyn.Buttler D., 1962, Neologizm i terminy pokrewne, „Poradnik Językowy” nr 5, s. 239–244.Bołdak-Janowska T., 2012, Szkic na Trialog 2012, „Jak daleko stąd, jak blisko”, czyli gdzie?, http://issuu.com/tamarabejot/docs/jak daleko/1, online, [8.10.
2014].Chłosta-Zielonka J., 2013, Najnowsza proza olsztyńskich twórców. Rekonesans, „Prace Literaturoznawcze UniwersytetuWarmińsko-Mazurskiego” t. 1, Olsztyn, s. 229–239.Jadacka H., 2001, System słowotwórczy polszczyzny (1945–2000), Warszawa.Kwietniowa W., 1973, O neologizmach stylu artystycznego, „Polonistyka” nr 5, s. 9–17. Polska Biografia Literacka PAN, 2012, www.pbl.ibl.poznan.pl, online, [8.10.2014]Sękowska E., 2012, Neologizmy słowotwórcze we współczesnej polszczyźnie (wybrane tendencje), [w:] Eslavistica Complutense, Warszawa, s. 97–103.Skubalanka T., 1990, Problematyka gramatyczno-stylistyczna neologizmu, „Studia Linguistica Polono-Slovaca” nr 3, s. 31–37.Smółkowa T., 1997,Metodologiczne aspekty opisu współczesnych neologizmów i neosemantyzmów polskich, [w:] Leksyka słowiańska na warsztacie językoznawcy, red. H. Popowska-Taborska, Warszawa.Smółkowa T., 2001, Neologizmy we współczesnej leksyce polskiej, Kraków.Waszakowa K., 1998, Neologizmy tekstowe w świetle ram interpretacyjnych, [w:] Tekst. Analizy i interpretacje, Lublin, s. 21–33.Waszakowa K., 2007, Wariantywne postaci neologizmów w świetle adaptacyjnej funkcji słowotwórstwa, „Prace Filologiczne Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego” t. LIII, Warszawa, s. 691–700.299-31
Coefficient of correlation (variance explained) for the relationships between <i>t</i><sub><i>lim</i></sub>, <i>W’</i> and CP.
No full text<p>Coefficient of correlation (variance explained) for the relationships between <i>t</i><sub><i>lim</i></sub>, <i>W’</i> and CP.</p
Adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate, prostaglandins, and epinephrine stimulate the secretion of immunoreactive gonadotropin-releasing hormone from cultured human placental cells
No full textCell culture and biochemical procedures were used to identify and study the possible mechanisms regulating the secretion of GnRH-like immunoreactivity (GnRH-LI) from human placenta. Monolayer primary cultures of trophoblasts were established after mechanical and enzymatic dispersion of normal human term placenta. The cultured cells stained immunocytochemically positive with anti-GnRH serum, and GnRH-LI extracted from the cells eluted from high performance liquid chromatography with the same retention time as authentic GnRH. One week after plating, exposure to high concentrations of K+ or to various doses of veratridine, a Na+ ionophore, increased GnRH-LI release into the culture medium. This effect was reversed by Ca2+ antagonists (cobalt, EGTA, and verapamil). Dibutyrylcyclic AMP, forskolin, theophylline, and theobromine also increased GnRH-LI concentrations in the medium of cultured placental cells in a dose-related manner, as did prostaglandins E2 and F2 alpha and epinephrine. The effect of epinephrine on GnRH-LI concentrations was mimicked by isoproterenol and reversed by propranolol, suggesting an effect mediated by beta-adrenergic receptors. These results indicate that GnRH-LI release from cultured human placental cells is stimulated by the opening of ionic channels and activation of the adenylate cyclase/cAMP system, and that prostaglandins and epinephrine may be involved in the regulation of GnRH-LI release from human placenta
Letter to W. T. Shaw concerning W. T. Chapman
No full textLetter written to W. T. Shaw by an unknown author with W. T. Chapman as the subjec
Bishop W. T. Handy Jr., circa 1991
No full textPortrait of Bishop W. T. Handy Jr. Written on verso: Board Chair Bishop W. T. Handy Jr. April 6, 1990 - April 16, 1993.The Atlanta University Center Robert W. Woodruff Library acknowledges the generous support of the National Endowment for Humanities - Humanities Collections and Reference Resources Implementation Project Grant in supporting the processing and digitization of a number of its major archival collections as part of the project: Spreading the Word: Expanding Access to African American Religious Archival Collections at the Atlanta University Center Robert W. Woodruff Library.</em
Zagadnienia stabilności zatrudnienia na stanowisku pierwszego trenera w polskich klubach piłkarskich
No full textArtykuł dotyczy zjawiska zatrudniania i zwalniania trenerów w polskich klubach
piłkarskich. Odnosi się do wpływu tych zmian na modyfikację strategii działania klubów
i ich efektywność w podstawowych aspektach ich działalności. Autor oparł się na
wynikach badań prowadzonych w ramach pracy nad rozprawą doktorską dotyczącą
uwarunkowań efektywnego funkcjonowania zespołów sportowych. Tezy zawarte w
tekście opierają się zarówno na badaniach (wywiadach eksperckich) przeprowadzonych
wśród polskich trenerów piłkarskich pracujących w ekstraklasie, jak i obserwacjach
funkcjonowania polskich klubów piłkarskich. W tekście zawarto rozważania dotyczące
miejsca trenera w strukturze organizacyjnej klubu sportowego, jego wpływu na wyniki
organizacji. Przeprowadzono także analizę zjawiska zmian na stanowisku pierwszego
trenera w klubach polskiej ekstraklasy w rundzie jesiennej sezonu 2010/2011. W ramach
tekstu dokonano próby uchwycenia potencjalnego wpływu tych zmian na wyniki
zespołów sportowych, które są kluczowym elementem klubu sportowego wpływającym
na jego efektywność. Autor podjął także próbę ustalenia wpływu niestabilności
zatrudnienia na stanowisku pierwszego trenera na niezadowalające wyniki osiągane
przez polskie kluby na arenie międzynarodowej. Artykuł służy prezentacji wyników
badań i rozważań autora w ramach tej tematyki.The subject of the article is frequent changes of team managers in polish football clubs. The author shows the influence of team manager rotation on overall performance of sports organizations. Given the growing importance of sports in polish bussiness world, and amounts of funds invested, sports need a professional approach by managers. Team manager plays a key role in sports organization, and effectiveness of the team led by him influences the organization as a whole. The text is based on the reasearch done by the author in process of preparing doctorate thesis about effectiveness of sports teams. The reasearch was done both by interviewing polish team managers from top league, and by observations done in polish sports clubs. First part of the article focuses on placing the manager in organizational structure of a sports club, and his role in managing those organizations. Author also analyzed the changes made in polish teams in 2010/2011 season of polish ekstraklasa. The potential influence on teams performance is the subject of the last part of an article. The author tries to find connection between sport clubs policy regarding managers, and their poor performance in the european cups. The article shows the outcome of the reasearch done by the author, and gives personal conclusions on the subject, based on knowledge and experience gained during the process of preparing doctorate thesis
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