53,303 research outputs found
Multiple functions of LIM domain-binding CLIM/NLI/Ldb cofactors during zebrafish development
No full textThe crucial involvement of CLIM/NLI/Ldb cofactors for the exertion of the biological activity of LIM homeodomain transcription factors (LIM-HD) has been demonstrated. In this paper we show that CLIM cofactors are widely expressed during zebrafish development with high protein levels in specific neuronal cell types where LIM-HD proteins of the Isl class are synthesized. The overexpression of a dominant-negative CLIM molecule (DN-CLIM) that contains the LIM interaction domain (LID) during early developmental stages of zebrafish embryos results in an impairment of eye and midbrain-hindbrain boundary (MHB) development and disturbances in the formation of the anterior midline. On a cellular level we show that the outgrowth of peripheral but not central axons from Rohon Beard (RB) and trigeminal sensory neurons is inhibited by DN-CLIM overexpression. We demonstrate a further critical role of CLIM cofactors for axonal outgrowth of motor neurons. Additionally, DN-CLIM overexpression causes an increase of Isl-protein expression levels in specific neuronal cell types, likely due to a protection of the DN-CLIM/LIM-HD complex from proteasomal degradation. Our results demonstrate multiple roles of the CLIM cofactor family for the development of entire organs, axonal outgrowth of specific neurons and protein expression levels
Epanerchodus gangwonus Mikhaljova & Lim 2002
No full textEpanerchodus gangwonus Mikhaljova & Lim, 2002 Epanerchodus gangwonus Mikhaljova & Lim, 2002: 19 –21, 20: figs 1–8. Remarks. Originally described from Gangwon-do, South Korea (Mikhaljova & Lim, 2001), this species has since never been rediscovered. Distribution. South Korea.Published as part of M, E L E N A V., Va, I K H A L J O & Lim, Kil-Young, 2006, The millipede genus Epanerchodus Attems, 1901 in the Korean Peninsula, with a description of a new species (Diplopoda, Polydesmida, Polydesmidae), pp. 45-53 in Zootaxa 1350 on page 48, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.17451
Pseudohaliotrema falcata Lim 2010, n. sp.
No full textPseudohaliotrema falcata n. sp. (gures 2c, 4–6) Description Comparatively large worms, with broad body proper, 1172 (1008–1300) Ö 285 (268–294); narrow cephalic region; three pairs of head organs; four eye-spots consisting of scattered pigment (in xed specimens); comparatively shorter peduncle, 112 (84–143) Ö 125 (117–134), demarcating body from haptor. Intestinal caeca con uent just anterior to peduncle. Haptor broader than long, 92 (84–109) Ö 128 (117–143); dorsal anchors with well-developed roots, inner length 43 (42–44), outer length 34 (32–36), inner root 22 (20–24), outer roots 9 (8–10), point 6 (4–10); ventral anchors robust with expanded outer roots, inner length 32 (30–34), outer length 31 (30–34), inner root 14 (14–16), outer root 8 (6–10), point 5 (4–6); dorsal connecting bar stout, broad, V-shaped, 9 (8–10) Ö 34 (32–36); ventral connecting bar V-shaped, 4 (3–5) Ö 36 (35–38); 14 marginal hooks of larval type, length 11 (10–12). Testis round to ovoid, lateral to ovary; vas deferens leaves left margin of testis antero-ventrally, passing anteriorly intercaecally, to level of male organ, distending forming seminal vesicle; descending, narrowing as ejaculatory duct, turning anteriorly, entering male organ. Male organ consisting of two sclerotized parts: large curved sclerotized piece with scythe-like ending (ap 1 in gure 1f) with broad rather obscure opening (indicated by arrow in gure 1f) through which ejaculatory duct and duct from prostatic reservoir enter; second sclerotized piece with club-like ending (ap 2 in gure 1f) and large proximal opening. Spermatophor e size roughly estimated to be 220 (200–250) Ö 180 (150–200) but shape diYcult to ascertain due to distortion, stored in chamber with ventral opening, antero-ventral to male organ. Prostatic glands postero-lateral (on both sides) of pharyngeal region; left and right prostatic ducts unite to form common duct, draining into large prostatic reservoir. Ovary elongate; oviduct leaves anterior part of ovary; oötype receiving ducts from Mehlis' gland and seminal receptacle; uterus ascends mid-ventrally; uterine pore opens ventrally, near male organ. Dextro-lateral vaginal pouch housing eversible spermatophore transfer tube; vaginal duct linking to seminal receptacle. Vitelline system co-extensive with intestinal caeca; lateral elds unite posterior to intestinal caeca. Type-host. Siganus guttatus (Bloch). Type-locality. OV Singapore. No. of specimens measured. Twenty.Published as part of Lim, L. H. S., 2010, Three new species of Pseudohaliotrema Yamaguti, 1953 (Monogenea: Ancyrocephalidae) from Siganus species (Siganidae) and the description of a mechanism for cross-insemination, pp. 1639-1660 in Journal of Natural History 36 (14) on page 1650, DOI: 10.1080/00222930110067935, http://zenodo.org/record/474760
Hyleoglomeris confragosa Mikhaljova & Lim, sp. n.
No full textHyleoglomeris confragosa Mikhaljova & Lim, sp. n. Figs 22–29. Material examined Holotype: 1 male (ChNU) from Jeongok, Yeonchongun, Gyeongido, South Korea, collected 17 May 1991 by K.Y. Lim. Parartype: 1 female (ChNU), same locality as for holotype, collected 17 May 1991 by K.Y. Lim. Diagnosis Differs from congeners mainly by the thoracic coloration pattern of the anterior whiteyellowish transverse band and pair of marbled brown oblong lateral spots, combined with the oval, vertically stretched syncoxital lobe of the telopods, the very high telopod syncoxital horns without apical modifications, the strongly curved anteriad caudotibial outgrowths of the telopods, the irregularly rounded edge of the small coxal lobe of the male leg pair 17. Description Male. Length 5.5 mm, width 2.9 mm. Background coloration of head brown with several small light spots between and above antennal sockets; clypeus, labrum and Tömösváry’s organs yellow. Ocelli black. Antennae darkbrown; antennal sockets yellow. Dorsum brown. Collum with a large oval marbled brown central spot (Fig. 22). Thoracic shield with a whiteyellowish transverse band occupying its anterior striate portion; pair of marbled brown oblong spots placed laterally (Fig. 23). Each following tergite with pair of marbled brown oblong lateral spots and a translucid caudal margin (Fig. 24). Hidden anterior portion of tergite marbled brown. Pigidium brown with lucid caudal margin and without any pattern. Venter, legs and telopods yellowish. Ocelli convex, 6 + 1 on each side of head. Antennomere 6 about 2.0 time longer than wide. Dorsum smooth. Collum semicircular, with two transverse striae. Thoracic shield with 9 delicate striae of which only three entirely crossing dorsum, with a relatively narrow hyposchism reaching but not protruding beyond caudal tergal margin. Anterolateral corners of hyposchism lobeshaped and protruding anteriad (Fig. 23). Length of stria varied. A broad hollow occupying 4 striae placed between schism and hyposchism laterally. As usual, anterior border of thoracic shield with one stria concealed under caudal margin of collum. Pigidium delicately sinuate medially at caudal margin. Leg pair 17 (Fig. 25) with small and irregularly rounded outer coxal lobes, telopodite 4 segmented with three claws apically. Leg pair 18 (Fig. 26) with a lancetshaped syncoxital notch; telopodite 4 segmented. Telopods (Fig. 27) with a relatively small, thick, oval, vertically stretched, microsetose central syncoxital lobe. Surface of syncoxital lobe with a low smooth prominence frontally and shagreen shallow cavity caudally. Syncoxital lateral horns very high, slender, covered with setae proximally. Distal portion of syncoxital horn without visible modifications, excluding tiny wrinkles (Fig. 28). Prefemur micropapillate laterally and somewhat mesally, with a long inner setose finger crowned with a long flagelloid. Femur with a shorter anteromesal setose finger also crowned with a flagelloid and posteriorly with a large inner outgrowth apically bearing a membranous sack curved forward. Caudomedial outgrowth of femur wide at base (Fig. 29). Tibia with a long anteromedial seta, posteriorly with medial outgrowth strongly curved anteriad. Caudomedial outgrowth of tibia bearing a micropapillate tubercle. Tarsus with a strongly curved caudad distal part and a subapical seta. Female. Length 7.0 mm, width 3.0 mm. Pigidium regularly margined. Ocelli 6 + 1 on each side of head. Thoracic shield with 10 delicate striae on left side and 11 such striae on right side, of which only three entirely crossing dorsum. Length of the striae varied. A broad hollow occupying 4 striae placed between schism and hyposchism. Remarks A restudy of the above material proves that Mikhaljova & Lim (2000) misidentified Hyleoglomeris confragosa sp. n. specimens (male and female) from Gyeongido, South Korea as belonging to H. koreana.Published as part of Mikhaljova, Elena V. & Lim, Kil-Young, 2006, New species of the genus Hyleoglomeris from Korea (Diplopoda: Glomerida: Glomeridae), pp. 45-58 in Zootaxa 1224 on pages 52-54, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.17263
Four and a half LIM protein 1C (FHL1C)
Full text linkFour-and-a-half LIM domain protein 1 isoform A (FHL1A) is predominantly expressed in skeletal and cardiac muscle. Mutations in the FHL1 gene are causative for several types of hereditary myopathies including X-linked myopathy with postural muscle atrophy (XMPMA). We here studied myoblasts from XMPMA patients. We found that functional FHL1A protein is completely absent in patient myoblasts. In parallel, expression of FHL1C is either unaffected or increased. Furthermore, a decreased proliferation rate of XMPMA myoblasts compared to controls was observed but an increased number of XMPMA myoblasts was found in the G(0)/G(1) phase. Furthermore, low expression of K(v1.5), a voltage-gated potassium channel known to alter myoblast proliferation during the G(1) phase and to control repolarization of action potential, was detected. In order to substantiate a possible relation between K(v1.5) and FHL1C, a pull-down assay was performed. A physical and direct interaction of both proteins was observed in vitro. In addition, confocal microscopy revealed substantial colocalization of FHL1C and K(v1.5) within atrial cells, supporting a possible interaction between both proteins in vivo. Two-electrode voltage clamp experiments demonstrated that coexpression of K(v1.5) with FHL1C in Xenopus laevis oocytes markedly reduced K(+) currents when compared to oocytes expressing K(v1.5) only. We here present the first evidence on a biological relevance of FHL1C
Hyleoglomeris buana Lim, sp. n.
No full textHyleoglomeris buana Lim, sp. n. Figs 7–14. Material examined Holotype: 1 male (ChNU) from Buangun, Jeollabukdo, South Korea, collected 18 May 1991 by K.Y. Lim. Paratypes: 1 male, 1 female (ChNU), 1 male (ZMUM), same locality as for holotype, collected 18 May 1991 by K.Y. Lim. Diagnosis Differs from congeners mainly by the syncoxital lobe of the telopods being relatively large, subovoid and stretched horizontally, by the high telopod syncoxital lateral horn supplied with a subapical setoid, as well as by the coloration pattern of a white, wide, unbroken, widened laterad belt on the thoracic shield and of pair of marbled brown oblong lateral spots on each following tergite. Etymology The specific epithet refers to the type locality. Description Male. Length ca.8.0 mm, width 3.5–3.7 mm. Background coloration of head blackbrown with several small yellowishwhite spots above level of antennal sockets; clypeus and labrum yellowishwhite. Antennae brown; antennomeres 1 and 2 light brown. Tömösváry’s organs white. Ocelli black. Dorsum blackbrown. Collum with a marbled brown central pattern (Fig. 7). Thoracic shield with a white, wide, unbroken transverse belt occupying its anterior portion and widening laterad (Fig. 8). Each following tergite with pair of marbled brown oblong lateral spots and a translucid caudal margin. Hidden anterior portion of the tergite marbled brown. Pigidium blackbrown with a white caudal margin and five indistinct, small, subtriangular central spots near somite 11. Some specimens with very weak traces of an axial stripe on posterior 3–4 somites. Venter white. Distal parts of legs brownish. Telopods white. Ocelli convex, gradually reducing in size toward Tömösváry’s organ. Holotype with 9 + 1 ocelli and paratypes with 8 + 1 or 9 + 1 ocelli on each side of head. Antennomere 6 about 2.1–2.2 times longer than wide. Dorsum smooth. Collum with two transverse striae. Thoracic shield with a relatively narrow hyposchism reaching but not protruding beyond hind tergal margin, with 9 delicate striae of which only four entirely crossing dorsum (Fig. 9). Length of the striae varied. As usual, anterior border of thoracic shield with one stria concealed under caudal margin of collum. Pigidium delicately sinuate medially at caudal margin. Leg pair 17 (Fig. 10) with high, regularly rounded outer coxal lobes, telopodite 4 segmented. Leg pair 18 (Fig. 11) with a lancetshaped syncoxital notch, telopodite 4 segmented, basal segment with rare papillae laterally. Telopods (Fig. 12) massive; central lobe of syncoxite relatively large, subovoid, stretched horizontally, covered with microscopic hairs, very weakly curved anteriad. Surface of syncoxital lobe smooth frontally and shagreen caudally. Syncoxital lateral horns high, slender, setose, directed somewhat caudoventrad, each with a setoid subapically (Fig. 13). Prefemur micropapillate laterally and mesally. Prefemur with a long inner setose finger crowned with a long flagelloid. Femur with a shorter anteromesal setose finger also crowned by a flagelloid, posteriorly with a large inner outgrowth apically bearing a membranous sack curved forward. A small papillate field at base of femoral anteromesal finger. Caudomedial outgrowth of femur relatively narrow at base (Fig. 14). Tibia with a long anteromedial seta, posteriorly with a curved, dentiform, medial outgrowth. Caudomedial outgrowth of tibia with a weakly micropapillate tubercle at base. Tarsus with a somewhat curved caudad distal part and a strong subapical seta. Female. Length 8.0 mm, width 4.0 mm. Ocelli 9 + 1 on right side of head, 8 + 1 on left side of head. Antennae reduced, deformed. Pigidium regularly margined. Remarks A restudy of the above material from South Korea, which was misidentified as Hyleoglomeris emarginata Golovatch, 1981 by Mikhaljova & Lim (2000) proves that it actually belongs to H. buana sp. n. Thus, at present only six species of Hyleoglomeris (including new species) definitely occur in Korea. This new species seems to be particularly closely related to H. koreana Golovatch, 1978 described from the environs of Kannyn, South Korea, but differs by the shape of the caudomedial outgrowth of the telopod femur, by the structure of syncoxital lobe and lateral horns of the telopods, as well as by arrangement of thoracic striae and body coloration.Published as part of Mikhaljova, Elena V. & Lim, Kil-Young, 2006, New species of the genus Hyleoglomeris from Korea (Diplopoda: Glomerida: Glomeridae), pp. 45-58 in Zootaxa 1224 on pages 47-49, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.17263
Goniozus koreanus Lim, sp. nov.
No full textGoniozus koreanus Lim, sp. nov. (Figs 17–24) Type material. Holotype, Ƥ. KOREA: CN: Mangilsa, Daesan, Daesan, Seosan, N 36 ° 56 ' 29.8 " E 126 ° 26 ' 85.1 ", Alt. 184 m, 20.v. 2006, S.W. Park leg. (SNU). Paratypes. KOREA: Seoul: Ƥ, Cheongyangri, Dongdaemun, MT, 25.vii– 1.viii. 2005, D.P. Lyu leg. (KFRI); Ƥ, ditto, 15–22.viii. 2005, D.P. Lyu leg. (KFRI); Ƥ, Mt. Surak, Sanggye, Nowon, MT, 18.vii– 24.viii. 2007, J. O. Lim leg. (SNU); Ƥ, Seoul National University campus, Daehak, Gwanak, 4.viii. 2008, J. O. Lim leg. (SNU); Ƥ, Mt. Bulam, Gongreung, Nowon, MT, 11–25.v. 2008, S.W. Park leg. (SNU). GG: Ƥ, Yongin, 21.v. 1989, S.B. Han leg. (SNU); Ƥ, Mt. Yeogi, Seodun, Gwonseon, Suwon, 16.iv. 1994, J. Y. Choi leg. (SNU); Ƥ, Mt. Cheonggae, Gwacheon, 22.ix. 2000, H. G. Kang leg. (SNU); Ƥ, Yeongjusa, Annyeong, Taean, Hwaseong, MT, 22–29.viii. 2005, Y.D. Kwon leg. (KFRI); 2 Ƥ, ditto, 5 – 2.ix. 2005, Y.D. Kwon leg. (KFRI); 2 Ƥ, ditto, 12–20.ix. 2005, Y.D. Kwon leg. (KFRI); Ƥ, Sihwado, Namyangju, MT, N 37 ° 40 ' 6 " E 127 ° 18 ' 39 ", Alt. 238 m, 27.v. 2007, S.W. Park leg. (SNU); Ƥ, Gwanak arboretum, Anyang, Manan, Anyang, MT, 26.vi– 4.vii. 2007, J. O. Lim leg. (SNU); Ƥ, ditto, MT, N 37 ° 25 ' 15.6 " E 126 ° 56 ' 44.3 ", Alt. 126 m, 18.iv– 2.v. 2008, J. O. Lim leg. (SNU); Ƥ, Suwon arboretum, Seodun, Gwonseon, Suwon, 1.vi. 2009, J. O. Lim leg. (SNU); Ƥ, Mt. Ungil, Songchon, Choam, Namyangju, MT, N 37 ° 34 ' 43.3 " E 127 ° 18 ' 37.5 ", Alt. 134 m, 18–31.iv. 2009, J. O. Lim leg. (SNU); Ƥ, ditto, MT, 1–26.v. 2009, J. O. Lim leg. (SNU); Ƥ, ditto, MT, 27.v– 10.vi. 2009, J. O. Lim leg. (SNU); Ƥ, Mt. Homyeong, Goseong, Cheongpyeong, Gapyeong, MT, N 37 ° 43 '15.0" E 127 ° 29 ' 18.9 ", Alt. 168 m, 18–31.iv. 2009, J. O. Lim leg. (SNU); 2 Ƥ, ditto, MT, 1–6.v. 2009, J. O. Lim leg. (SNU). GW: Ƥ, Jinae, Dong, Chuncheon, MT, 16–22.viii. 2005, S.J. Jang leg. (KFRI); Ƥ, ditto, MT, 31.vii– 7.viii. 2008, S.J. Jang leg. (KFRI); Ƥ, Jukheon, Gangreung, N 37 ° 46 ' 55 " E 128 ° 51 ' 35 ", Alt. 57 m, 29.v. 2009, S.W. Park leg. (SNU); Ƥ, Chundang, Cheongil, Hoengseong, N 37 ° 36 ' 36 " E 128 ° 8 ' 36 ", Alt. 249 m, 7.vi. 2009, S.W. Park leg. (SNU). CB: Ƥ, Mt. Wolak, Susan, Jecheon, MT, N 36 ° 52 ' 4 " E 128 ° 8 ' 57 ", 1.ix. 2006, J. C. Jeong leg. (SNU); Ƥ, Namdaemun, Hoenam, Boeun, N 36 ° 26 ' 27 " E 127 ° 34 ' 25 ", Alt. 104 m, 24.ix. 2009, S.W. Park leg. (SNU). CN: Ƥ, Donam, Banpo, Gongju, MT, 23–30.viii. 2005, J.H. Han leg. (KFRI); 2 Ƥ, Gahak, Songak, Dangjin, N 36 ° 55 ' 17.5 " E 126 ° 42 ' 33 ", Alt. 34 m, 19.v. 2006, S.W. Park leg. (SNU); Ƥ, Baekja, Susin, Cheonan, 6.vi. 2008, S.W. Park leg. (SNU); 2 Ƥ, Annyeong, Tancheon, Gongju, 24.v. 2009, S.W. Park leg. (SNU); Ƥ, Hwaam, Cheongra, Boryeong, 14.vi. 2009, S.W. Park leg. (SNU); Ƥ, Hanseo Univ., Daegok, Haemi, Seosan, MT, N 36 ° 41 ' 30 " E 126 ° 34 ' 50 ", 11.vi– 8.vii. 2009, J.W. Lee leg. (YNU); Ƥ, Masan, Seocheon, 12.vi. 2010, S.W. Park leg. (SNU). Daejeon: 3 Ƥ, Wolpyeong, Seo, MT, 20.vi– 10.vii. 2008, J.W. Lee leg. (YNU). JB: Ƥ, Majeong, Bug, Jeongeub, MT, 19–26.vii. 2005, J.W. Park leg. (KFRI); Ƥ, ditto, 2–9.viii. 2005, J.W. Park leg. (KFRI); Ƥ, ditto, 30.viii– 6.ix. 2005, J.W. Park leg. (KFRI); Ƥ, Majeong, Bug, Jeongeub, MT, 19.iv– 8.v. 2007, J.W. Park leg. (KFRI); [JN] Ƥ, Pungsan, Dado, Naju, MT, 25.vii– 8.viii. 2005, S.B. Yu leg. (KFRI); Ƥ, ditto, 9–30.ix. 2005, S.B. Yu leg. (KFRI); 2 Ƥ, Pungsan, Dado, Naju, MT, 27.iv– 17.v. 2007, S.B. Yu leg. (KFRI); 2 Ƥ, ditto, 17.v– 7.vi. 2007, S.B. Yu leg. (KFRI); Ƥ, Mt. Naejang, Ssangung, Bukha, Jangseong, MT, N 35 ° 25 ' 31.6 " E 126 ° 51 ' 46.9 ", 13.v. 2007, J.W. Lee leg. (YNU); 2 Ƥ, Pungsan, Dado, Naju, MT, 26.v– 2.vi. 2008, S.B. Yu leg. (KFRI); Ƥ, Mt. Naejang, Sinseong, Bukha, Jangseong, N 35 ° 27 ' 17.9 " E 126 ° 50 ' 38.8 ", Alt. 161 m, 3.vii. 2009, J. O. Lim leg. (SNU). GB: Ƥ, Yeungnam Univ., Dae, Gyeongsan, MT, 30.iv– 7.v. 2007, J.W. Lee leg. (YNU); Ƥ, Namsa, Hyeongok, Kyeongju, MT, 30.vi– 14.vii. 2005, J.T. Mun leg. (KFRI); 2 Ƥ, Namsan, Gakbuk, Cheongdo, MT, N 35 ° 41 ' E 128 ° 35 ', 9–19.viii. 2007, J.W. Lee leg. (YNU); Ƥ, ditto, 15.x– 4.xi. 2007, J.W. Lee leg. (YNU); Ƥ, Yeongnam Univ., Dae, Gyeongsan, MT, 30.iv– 7.v. 2007, J.W. Lee leg. (YNU); Ƥ, ditto, MT, N 35 ° 58 ' E 128 ° 47 ', 12–21.vii. 2007, J.W. Lee leg. (YNU); Ƥ, Namsan, Gakbuk, Cheongdo, N 35 ° 41 ' E 128 ° 35 ' 23 ", 5.x– 2.xi. 2008, J. O. Lim leg. (SNU); Ƥ, Mt. Unmun, Cheongdo, MT, N 35 ° 38 ' 45 " E 128 ° 57 ' 33 ", 23.v. 2008, J.W. Lee leg. (YNU); Ƥ, ditto, MT, N 35 ° 38 ' 19 " E 128 ° 57 ' 40 ", 30.v– 16.vi. 2009, C. J. Kim leg. (YNU); Ƥ, Sangju campus, Gyeongbuk Univ., Gajang, Sangju, MT, 28.v– 4.vi. 2009, S.W. Park leg. (SNU). GN: Ƥ, Dapcheon, Ibanseong, Jinju, MT, 1–9.viii. 2005, B.G. Ahn leg. (KFRI). Busan: Ƥ, Daemadeung, Nakdonghagu, Myeongji, Gangseo, 22.viii. 2006, T. H. Kim leg. (SNU). JJ: Ƥ, Donggye, Jeju, MT, 27.vi– 18.vii. 2007, C. H. Shin leg. (KFRI). Diagnosis. This species is mostly similar to Goniozus japonicus Ashmead, 1904 by having mandible yellow; by fore wing without areolet; by flagellomere 3–5 longer than wide respectively; by propodeal disc with complete transverse carina; by ratio of head and propodeal disc. However, this species can be distinguished from G. japonicus by short antennal segments, by pedicel to flagellomere 2 less than 1.5 × as long as wide, by flagellomere 11 1.5 × as long as wide (long antennal segments, pedicel to flagellomere 2 longer than 2.0 × as long as wide, flagellomere 11 2.0 × as long as wide in G. japonicus); by median and submedian cell of fore wing with relatively denser hairs (very sparse hairs in G. japonicus). Description. FEMALE (holotype). Body length 4.1 mm. LFW 2.5 mm. Color. Head: mandible yellow, antenna yellow, from flagellomeres 6–11 pale castaenous. Mesosoma black; fore wing subhyaline, veins pale castaenous; legs yellow except coxa and femora dark castaenous, tarsal claw dark castaenous. Metasoma black except distal margin of terga 4–7 pale castaenous. Head (Figs 18–20): 1.0 × as long as wide, coriaceous; lateral margin convex, posterior margin straight, postero-lateral corner forming round angle in dorsal view; lateral surface smooth and polished. Mandible with four acute teeth. Clypeus well-developed, frontal angle right; fronto-clypeal median longitudinal carina developed, exceeding antennal socket. First antennal segment in ratio of 2.3: 1.0: 1.0: 1.1: 1.2 in length; from scape to flagellomere 3 and 11 2.0, 1.3, 1.2, 1.2, 1.3 and 1.6 × as long as wide, respectively. Frons and vertex coriaceous with sub-erect hairs and sparse moderate punctures, aparted from each other 2.0–3.0 × as wide as their maximum diameter. WF 1.1 × LE, WF 0.6 × WH. Compound eye 0.37 mm long without hairs. LE 1.8 × OOL, WF 1.7 × WOT. Frontal angle of ocellar triangle obtuse, POL 2.1 × AOL, OOL 0.8 × WOT. Vertex coriaceous without conspicuous long hairs. Mesosoma (Figs 21–23): Pronotum coriaceous, 0.4 × as long as wide with sparse hairs, antero-lateral corner obtuse. Mesoscutum coriaceous; notauli absent; parapsidal furrows thin and anteriorly divergent. Scutellum polish and coriaceous with sparse small punctures; scutellar pit elliptical, oblique and connected by 3.9 × as wide as their maximum diameter. Propodeal disc 0.6 × as long as wide, lateral and transverse carina complete; medial basal triangle smooth and polished, extending mid-length of disc, connected to transverse carina with thin longitudinal carina in areolate surface. Disc areolate-rugose; declivity coriaceous with complete marginal carina; lateral surface coriaceous. Fore wing without closed areolate; median and submedian cell with two rows of hairs; radial vein curved outward at apex with obtuse angle; pterostigma 0.29 mm long; metacarpo absent. Metasoma (Fig. 24): Tergite 1 smooth and polished without fine puncture and microreticulation. Terga 2–4 smooth and micoreticulation on anterior half with some hairs on dorso-lateral surface. Terga 5–7 microreticulate with sparse hairs on distal surface. MALE. Unknown. Distribution. Korea (Busan, CB, CN, Daejeon, GB, GG, GN, GW, JB, JJ, JN, Seoul).Published as part of Lim, Jongok & Lee, Seunghwan, 2012, Review of Goniozus Förster, 1856 (Hymenoptera: Bethylidae) of Korea, with descriptions of two new species, pp. 43-57 in Zootaxa 3414 on pages 49-51, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.21079
Do insectivorous bird communities decline on land-bridge forest islands in Peninsular Malaysia?
No full textTo assess the impact of habitat fragmentation on tropical avian communities, we sampled lowland forest birds on six land-bridge islands and two mainland forest sites in Lake Kenyir, Peninsular Malaysia using timed point counts, hypothesizing that insectivorous birds are the worst affected guild. We used an information-theoretic approach to evaluate the effects of area, isolation, primary dietary guild (omnivore, frugivore and insectivore) and their interactions in predicting species richness, abundance and diversity. Our analysis showed that a model that considered the effects of area, dietary guild and their interaction best explained observed patterns of species richness. But amodel considering both area and dietary guild best explained the variation in abundance. Notably, insectivorous birds were singled out as the dietary guild most sensitive to fragmentation, followed by frugivorous and omnivorous birds and hence provide support for our hypothesis. Assemblages of insectivorous birds were clearly depauperate on anthropogenic forest islands in Lake Kenyir and are consistent with forest fragmentation studies in the Neotropics. Given their specialized foraging ecology and diversity, conservation of intact communities of insectivorous bird guilds in Malaysia will be critical for maintaining predator–prey interactions in lowland tropical forests.Ding Li Yong, Lan Qie, Navjot S. Sodhi, Lian Pin Koh, Kelvin S.-H. Peh, Tien Ming Lee, Haw Chuan Lim and Susan L.-H. Li
LMO1 (LIM domain only 1 (rhombotin 1))
Full text linkReview on LMO1 (LIM domain only 1 (rhombotin 1)), with data on DNA, on the protein encoded, and where the gene is implicated
Estimation of interdomain flexibility of N-terminus of factor H using residual dipolar couplings
No full textCharacterization of segmental flexibility is needed to understand the biological mechanisms of the very large category of functionally diverse proteins, exemplified by the regulators of complement activation, that consist of numerous compact modules or domains linked by short, potentially flexible, sequences of amino acid residues. The use of NMR-derived residual dipolar couplings (RDCs), in magnetically aligned media, to evaluate interdomain motion is established but only for two-domain proteins. We focused on the three N-terminal domains (called CCPs or SCRs) of the important complement regulator, human factor H (i.e., FH1-3). These domains cooperate to facilitate cleavage of the key complement activation-specific protein fragment, C3b, forming iC3b that no longer participates in the complement cascade. We refined a three-dimensional solution structure of recombinant FH1-3 based on nuclear Overhauser effects and RDCs. We then employed a rudimentary series of RDC data sets, collected in media containing magnetically aligned bicelles (disklike particles formed from phospholipids) under three different conditions, to estimate interdomain motions. This circumvents a requirement of previous approaches for technically difficult collection of five independent RDC data sets. More than 80% of conformers of this predominantly extended three-domain molecule exhibit flexions of <40°. Such segmental flexibility (together with the local dynamics of the hypervariable loop within domain 3) could facilitate recognition of C3b via initial anchoring and eventual reorganization of modules to the conformation captured in the previously solved crystal structure of a C3b:FH1-4 complex.</p
- …
