233 research outputs found
sj-docx-1-jop-10.1177_02698811231211154 – Supplemental material for Modulation of functional networks related to the serotonin neurotransmitter system by citalopram: Evidence from a multimodal neuroimaging study
No full textSupplemental material, sj-docx-1-jop-10.1177_02698811231211154 for Modulation of functional networks related to the serotonin neurotransmitter system by citalopram: Evidence from a multimodal neuroimaging study by Daphne E Boucherie, Liesbeth Reneman, Jan Booij, Daniel Martins, Ottavia Dipasquale and Anouk Schrantee in Journal of Psychopharmacology</p
Multimodal MR imaging in breast cancer: Effects of cancer and cancer treatment on brain and cognition
Get PDFVeltman, D.J. [Promotor]Schagen, S.B. [Promotor]Ruiter, M.B. de [Copromotor]Reneman, L. [Copromotor
Long-term prospects of malnourished children after rehabilitation at the Nutrition Rehabilitation Centre of St Mary's Hospital, Mumias, Kenya
No full textThe growth and survival of children was studied after rehabilitation for malnutrition at the Nutrition Rehabilitation Centre (NRC) of St Mary's Hospital on average 1.5 year after discharge. The findings are intended partly to provide descriptive information on later progress in the community of these children and also to identify specific risk factors. Of 50 children eligible for follow-up, 39 (78 per cent) could be traced. Overall mortality was 36 per cent, 28 per cent were found to be underweight, and 36 per cent were in good condition with satisfactory catch up in weight. Mortality was determined by age, duration of stay in hospital and centre, and nutritional status. Most literature on the subject implies that the long-term effectiveness of the NRC is affected by limiting factors at home and in the centre itself. Our data suggest that the poor results are mainly due to improper use of the NRC. The NRC was called in too early by the hospital and children were discharged too soon from the NRC. As evidenced by the frequent presence of infectious symptoms, the severity of nutritional status, inadequate weight gain, and short duration of stay in the hospital and the NRC
Een analyse van de stralenbundelmethode
No full textHoofdstuk 1 behandelt een aantal algemene aspecten van de blind el ve^- effening. Definitie: driedimensionale puntsbepaling met gemeten fotocoördinaten m.b.v. een stereo- of monocomparator. Gegeven zijn de inwendige oriëntering van alle bundels en paspunten in een terrestrisch stelsel. Het mathematisch model is, dat fotopunt, projectiecentrum en objectpunt op één lijn liggen: collinariteitsvoorwaarde. De stralenbundelmethode wordt in Nederland niet produktief toegepast. Eén van de redenen is de beperkte toepassing: puntsgewijze uitwerking. De onafhankelijke modellentriangulatie is voor gangbare kaarteringsdoel— einden voldoende precies gebleken, zodat het vanuit dit gezichtspunt ook niet zinvol is om slechts de triangulering met de bundelmethode uit te voeren.Civil Engineering and Geoscience
Detecting dopamine dysfunction with pharmacological MRI
Get PDFThis thesis aims to further characterize the neurobiological origins underlying the pharmacological magnetic resonance imaging (phMRI) signal. phMRI is an MRI technique that measures the hemodynamic response to a psychotropic drug in order to non-invasively visualize neurochemical processes in the brain. Our second aim was to use this knowledge to investigate the effects of methylphenidate (MPH), used in the treatment of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), on the developing dopamine (DA) system (i.e. its age-dependency). Our results from studies in amphetamine users and ADHD patients are promising as they show that phMRI can detect DA abnormalities in the human brain. However, further technological improvements are necessary to improve the sensitivity and specificity of the technique and to allow advancement of this field. In addition, we showed for the first time that ADHD medications, such as MPH, have differential effects on the developing compared to the matured brain in humans; in a randomized clinical trial the cerebral blood flow in response to MPH was increased in children, but not adults, treated with MPH for four months. This has important implications with regard to the use (and increased prescription rates) of MPH in the treatment of ADHD, because the brains of children are still developing. Therefore, our findings stress the need for future studies on the long-term effects of MPH in children
The effects of ecstasy on neurotransmitter systems: a review on the findings of molecular imaging studies
No full textEcstasy is a commonly used psychoactive drug with 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) as the main content. Importantly, it has been suggested that use of MDMA may be neurotoxic particularly for serotonergic (5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT)) neurons. In the past decades, several molecular imaging studies examined directly in vivo the effects of ecstasy/MDMA on neurotransmitter systems. The objective of the present study is to review the effects of ecstasy/MDMA on neurotransmitter systems as assessed by molecular imaging studies in small animals, non-human primates and humans. A search in PubMed was performed. Eighty-eight articles were found on which inclusion and exclusion criteria were applied. Thirty-three studies met the inclusion criteria; all were focused on the 5-HT or dopamine (DA) system. Importantly, 9 out of 11 of the animal studies that examined the effects of MDMA on 5-HT transporter (SERT) availability showed a significant loss of binding potential. In human studies, this was the case for 14 out of 16 studies, particularly in heavy users. In abstinent users, significant recovery of SERT binding was found over time. Most imaging studies in humans that focused on the DA system did not find any significant effect of ecstasy/MDMA use. Preclinical and clinical molecular imaging studies on the effects of ecstasy/MDMA use/administration on neurotransmitter systems show quite consistent alterations of the 5-HT system. Particularly, in human studies, loss of SERT binding was observed in heavy ecstasy users, which might reflect 5-HT neurotoxicity, although alternative explanations (e.g. down-regulation of the SERT) cannot be exclude
Psychoradiological Biomarkers for Psychopharmaceutical Effects
No full textThe application of personalized medicine to psychiatry is challenging. Psychoradiology could provide biomarkers based on objective tests in support of the diagnostic classifications and treatment planning. We review potential psychoradiological biomarkers for psychopharmaceutical effects. Although none of the biomarkers reviewed are yet of sufficient clinical utility to inform the selection of a specific pharmacologic compound for an individual patient, there is strong consensus that advanced multimodal approaches will contribute to discovery of novel treatment predictors in psychiatric disorders. Progress has been sufficient to warrant enthusiasm, in which application of neuroimaging-based biomarkers would represent a paradigm shift and modernization of psychiatric practice
Psychoradiological Biomarkers for Psychopharmaceutical Effects
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Speedy Asylum Procedures in the EU: Striking a Fair Balance Between the Need to Process Asylum Cases Efficiently and the Asylum Applicant’s EU Right to an Effective Remedy
No full textEU member states often use speedy (accelerated) asylum procedures to examine asylum claims that are deemed manifestly unfounded. Speedy asylum procedures should generally be considered to be in the interest of the asylum applicant and the state. Accelerated procedures have however been criticised for not being fair and resulting in inaccurate decisions. EU legislation allows the use of an accelerated asylum procedure in any asylum case and does not set minimum time limits for (certain stages) of asylum procedures. This does mean however that EU member states are completely free to design speedy asylum procedures. This article argues that the EU right to an effective remedy, laid down in article 47 of the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union (the Charter), and the principle of effectiveness limit member states' discretion to set time limits for asylum procedures. It is contended that EU law is violated if the speed of the proceedings undermines the effectiveness of the EU prohibition of refoulement and/or the right to asylum, guaranteed by articles 18 and 19 of the Charter. Furthermore, short time limits are contrary to EU law if they render the exercise of the EU right to an effective remedy, or other procedural rights guaranteed by the Asylum Procedures Directive, impossible or excessively difficult. This is based on an analysis of EU legislation, the case law of the Court of Justice, and sources of inspiration of EU fundamental rights, in particular, the case law of the European Court of Human Rights. It is shown that time limits in asylum procedures should be reasonable and proportionate in general as well as in the individual asylum case. This article explores which factors should be taken into account when assessing time limits in the light of the EU right to an effective remedy and the principle of effectiveness in a particular case. © The Author (2014). Published by Oxford University Press. All rights reserved
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