1,720,975 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Data from: Gut mucosal cells transfer α-synuclein to the vagus nerve
No full text<p>Tabular raw data corresponding to figure sets used in the study. </p>
<p><strong>Figure 1. α-Synuclein expression and seeding activity in SNCAA53T mice.</strong> ELISA quantification of human α-synuclein in (C) duodenum (α-synuclein quantification in ng/mg of nodose tissue), (D) nodose ganglia (α-synuclein quantification in pg/mg of nodose tissue), and (E) hindbrain (α-synuclein quantification in ng/mg of nodose tissue), from Snca–/– and SNCAA53T mice. RT-QuIC analysis of (F) duodenum, (G) nodose ganglia, and (H) hindbrain of Snca–/– and SNCAA53T mice. </p>
<p><strong>Figure 3. Conditional human α-synuclein expression induces α-synuclein seeding activity in gut organoids.</strong> (C) A representative ThT fluorescence profile for these genotypes is provided. (D) Endpoint values were collected after 100 hours of RT-QuIC relative to negative controls.</p>
<p><strong>Figure 4. Conditional human α-synuclein expression in gut mucosal cells produces in α-synuclein seeding activity in nodose ganglia.</strong> (C) ELISA quantification of human α-synuclein protein in nodose ganglia of nontransgenic, Snca–/–, and SNCAbow mice. (D) A representative ThT fluorescence profile (RT-QuIC) and endpoint analysis of nodose ganglia from nontransgenic (nTg), Snca–/–, and SNCAbow mice at 1 month of age. (E) RT-QuIC analysis of nodose ganglia from 6-month-old nTg, Snca–/–, and SNCAbow mice.</p>
<p><strong>Figure 5. Vagotomy spares the nodose ganglia from α-synuclein seeding activity and prevents spread to the hindbrain. </strong>(C) ELISA measurements of α-synuclein protein in the gut 3 months after tamoxifen treatment. RT-QuIC analysis of (D and E) vagal nodose ganglia and (F and G) hindbrain analyzed 3 months after tamoxifen treatment. Representative ThT fluorescence profiles are shown in D and F.</p>
<p>Epidemiological and histopathological findings have raised the possibility that misfolded α-synuclein protein might spread from the gut to the brain and increase the risk of Parkinson's disease. Although past experimental studies in mouse models have relied on gut injections of exogenous recombinant α-synuclein fibrils to study gut-to-brain α-synuclein transfer, the possible origins of misfolded α-synuclein within the gut have remained elusive. We recently demonstrated that sensory cells of intestinal mucosa express α-synuclein. Here, we employed mouse intestinal organoids expressing human α-synuclein to observe the transfer of α-synuclein protein from epithelial cells in organoids to cocultured nodose neurons devoid of α-synuclein. In mice expressing human α-synuclein, but no mouse α-synuclein, α-synuclein fibril-templating activity emerged in α-synuclein–seeded fibril aggregation assays in intestine, vagus nerve, and dorsal motor nucleus. In newly engineered transgenic mice that restrict pathological human α-synuclein expression to intestinal epithelial cells, α-synuclein fibril-templating activity transfered to the vagus nerve and dorsal motor nucleus. Subdiaphragmatic vagotomy prior to induction of α-synuclein expression in intestinal epithelial cells effectively protected the hindbrain from emergence of α-synuclein fibril-templating activity. Overall, these findings highlight a potential non-neuronal source of fibrillar α-synuclein protein that might arise in gut mucosal cells.</p>
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Rethinking social and regional cohesion: the need for a renewed policy
No full textThe EU has long set itself the task of ensuring 'economic and social cohesion' among member states – it was first mentioned in the 1957 Treaty of Rome - but the most recent enlargement has given new relevance to this objective. For instance, Luxembourg is seven times richer than Romania, in terms of per-capita income, illustrating huge economic disparity between member states. Even more pronounced differences are evident at a regional level, with the richest region being central London (290% of the EU27’s per-capita income) and the poorest region being north-east Romania (23% of the EU-27’s per-capita income). In addition to regional disparities, social inequalities have also deepened in the enlarged EU, and problems related to growing internal and cultural diversity have become more apparent. The entry of 12 new countries into the EU, all rather ethnically diverse, has reinforced the need for the inclusion and protection of often vulnerable minority groups. The next section starts by surveying today’s frame of reference for “cohesion” in the EU, highlighting the regional emphasis of the EU cohesion policy, as well as the prioritisation of economic inequality at the expense of social cohesion. The paper then narrows its focus on European provisions for minority protection, a necessary step to ensure social cohesion in EU27. Practices of minority protection vary greatly among member states, but the EU has yet to adopt a comprehensive minority policy. This lack of EU standards has arguably undermined the promotion of minority rights in new member states during the accession process. The conclusion of the paper stresses the need for the EU to include minority groups within its approach to economic and social cohesion, and formulates recommendations for the adoption of EU instruments of minority protection
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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