130,407 research outputs found
Epizootic rabbit enteropathy. Study of early phenomena with fresh inoculum and attempt at inactivation
No full text[EN] Using 180 35-day-old SPF rabbits, this study used the effectiveness of bacitracin as a tool for acquiring more information on the various phases of ERE, in particular during the hours inoculation. Five groups of animals were used, including 3 treatments with Bacivet S(R) (bacitracin) at different times from inoculation, with the standard inoculum TEC3. Three parameters were studied: growth, mortality and stomach noises (borborygmi). A significant fall in growth rate was observed during the first 18 hours following the inoculation in all the inoculated groups, both medicated and not medicated. Treatment with bacitracin eliminated mortality and borborygmi, but not the initial fall in growth rate. Treatment starting 18 hours after inoculation is less effective during the acute phase than the preventive treatment. With a preventive treatment interrupted as soon as 18 hours after inoculation, a delay of several days was observed before the appearance of the disease (fall in growth rate, manifestation of borborygmi) and total mortality was reduced. Very few pathogens can explain this early fall in growth rate. Bacitracin is an antibiotic which offers good control of the disease, and probably of the pathogen but not of the physio-pathological disturbances in the first few hours. The intervention of an exogenic toxin in the first hours of contamination seems likely. Borborygmi are important criteria. The intensity and/or frequency could be used as semi-quantitative criteria to characterize the disease and for the prognosis. In a simultaneous trial, a group was contaminated with the same inoculum, heated for 10 min at 55°C, in order to obtain more information on the type of pathogen involved in the etiology of ERE. This treatment did not modify the virulence of the inoculum.This research received financial help from the Ministry for Agriculture of France (DGAL - ITAVI).Coudert, P.; Licois, D. (2005). Epizootic rabbit enteropathy. Study of early phenomena with fresh inoculum and attempt at inactivation. World Rabbit Science. 13. https://doi.org/10.4995/wrs.2005.515SWORD1
RISQUES ASSOCIES A L'UTILISATION DES ANTIBIOTIQUES CHEZ LE LAPIN : UNE MINI REVUE
No full text[EN] Digestive troubles are the main cause of morbidity and
mortality during growth in rabbit production. The diagnosis of
enteritis, which is characterized by diarrhoea, remains difficult
to establish. However, identification of sorne specific
pathogens may be possible. Coccidia and bacteria, like
Escherichia coli (mainly 0103 serogroup) or Clostridium
spiroforme are the most frequent pathogens. In adults,
respiratory pathology with Pasteurella multocida is
predominant, as well as staphylococcal infections.. In these conditions, the rabbit is one of the most important consumers
of antibiotics among the domestic animals. The noxious role,
particularly of penicillins and of sorne macrolids (clindamycin
and lincomycin) is underlined. Otherwise, if sorne antibiotics
like tetracyclin can be successfully used against respiratiory
disorders, they could be harmful in case of Clostridium
spiroforme contamination of rabbits, when used alone. A
table at the end of this papar encloses antibiotics to proscribe,
to avoid and those that can be used (with brief indications on
their dosage).[FR] La pathologie intestinale est la principale cause
de morbidité et de mortalité chez le lapin de chair en
engraissement, en élevage rationnel. Le diagnostic des
entérites du lapereau, qui se manifestent presque
systématiquement par de la diarrhée, reste encare difficile a
établir. Cependant certaines entités spécifiques peuvent etre
identifiées. Les coccidies et certaines bactéries comme
Escherichia coli (essentiellement les souches 0103,
rhamnose négatif) ou C/ostridium spiroforme, sont les agents
pathogenes les plus fréquemment rencontrés. Chez les
adultas, c'est la pathologie respiratoire qui est prépondérante
avec un autre germe dominant, Pasteurella multocida, sans
oublier les staphylocoques. Dans ces conditions, on comprend mieux pourquoi le lapin se situe parmi les especes
domestiques les plus grosses consommatrices d'antiinfectieux.
En particulier le role nocif des penicillines et de
certains macrolides (clindamycine, lincomycine) est souligné.
Par ailleurs certains antibiotiques comme la tétracycline
peuvent etre employés avec suecas en cas de troubles
respiratoires mais si les lapins sont contaminés par
Clostridium spiroforme, ce mame antibiotique peut etre
générateur de troubles, s'il est utifisé seul. En fin d'article, un
tableau résume les antibiotiques a proscrire, a éviter et ceux
qui sont utilisables chez le lapin (avec indications sommaires
de leur posologie).Licois, D. (1996). RISQUES ASSOCIES A L'UTILISATION DES ANTIBIOTIQUES CHEZ LE LAPIN : UNE MINI REVUE. World Rabbit Science. 04(2). https://doi.org/10.4995/wrs.1996.272SWORD04
Inoculation and bacterial analyses of fractions obtained from the reference inoculum TEC4 which experimentally reproduces epizootic rabbit enteropathy
No full text[EN] The aetiology of epizootic rabbit enteropathy (ERE) is still unknown despite ten years of continuous research. A putative bacterial aetiology is the basis of current research. The fractionation of the reference inoculum (TEC4) is a major step towards finding the potential bacterial agent(s). In this study, TEC4 was fractionated by different techniques: centrifugation on discontinuous sucrose gradient, cell adherence and chloroform/ethanol treatment. The different fractions were inoculated into SPF rabbits and analyzed with classical bacteriological techniques. ERE was reproduced with two of the six fractions obtained. Four species never previously cultured from TEC were identified in the process but, to date, none of them seems to be the aetiology of ERE.This work was supported by a Grant from the «Service Publique Fédéral Santé Publique, sécurité de la chaîne
alimentaire et environnement: Division Recherche contractuelle», contract RT 06/7 MINRABBIT. N. Huybens is a PhD fellow of
the “Fonds pour la formation à la Recherche dans l’Industrie et dans l’Agriculture” (F.R.I.A.).Huybens, N.; Houeix, J.; Licois, D.; Mainil, J.; Marlier, D. (2009). Inoculation and bacterial analyses of fractions obtained from the reference inoculum TEC4 which experimentally reproduces epizootic rabbit enteropathy. World Rabbit Science. 17(4):185-193. https://doi.org/10.4995/wrs.2009.64318519317
MeSH term explosion and author rank improve expert recommendations
No full textInformation overload is an often-cited phenomenon that reduces the productivity, efficiency and efficacy of scientists. One challenge for scientists is to find appropriate collaborators in their research. The literature describes various solutions to the problem of expertise location, but most current approaches do not appear to be very suitable for expert recommendations in biomedical research. In this study, we present the development and initial evaluation of a vector space model-based algorithm to calculate researcher similarity using four inputs: 1) MeSH terms of publications; 2) MeSH terms and author rank; 3) exploded MeSH terms; and 4) exploded MeSH terms and author rank. We developed and evaluated the algorithm using a data set of 17,525 authors and their 22,542 papers. On average, our algorithms correctly predicted 2.5 of the top 5/10 coauthors of individual scientists. Exploded MeSH and author rank outperformed all other algorithms in accuracy, followed closely by MeSH and author rank. Our results show that the accuracy of MeSH term-based matching can be enhanced with other metadata such as author rank
VACCINATON TRIAL AGAINST EIMERIA MAGNA COCCIDIOSIS USING A PRECOCIOUS LINE
No full text[EN] Thirty six 25-day-old suckling rabbits and thirty six
29-day-old rabbits weaned sin59 one day ytere orally vaccinated with
one of the two doses (3.5 x 10 or 3.5 x 10 oocysts) of a precocious
line of Eimeria magna. Only the groups vaccinated with the hi11hest
dose displayed a vaccine reaction, but without diarrhea or mortality. A vaccination totaly or incompletely protected against disease,
assessed by daily growyh rate patterns, according to the dose given
a~d reduced w,ocyst output 1 O to 1000 times, measured between the
4 and the 10 day following the challenge inoculation.[FR] Trente six lapereaux non sevrés agés de 25 jours et 36 lapereaux de
29 jours sevrés depuis une j9umée ont été yaccinés per os avec une
des deux doses (3,5 x 10' ou 3,5 x 1<r oocystes) d'une /ignée
précoce d'Eimeria magna. Seu/s /es lots vaccinés avec la dose la plus forte ont eu une réaction vaccinale, n'entraTnant cependant ni
diarrhée ni mortalité. Le suivi de /'évolution de la vitesse de
croissance a pennis de constater que selon la close administrée, la
vaccination a protégé partiellement voire totalement contre la maladie
et a réduit d'un facteur 10 a 1000 l'excrétion d'oocystes mesurée
entre le .tf'me et le 1Cf'me jour suivant l'inoculation d'épreuve.Drouet-Vlard, F.; Coudert, P.; Licois, D.; Boivin, M. (1997). VACCINATON TRIAL AGAINST EIMERIA MAGNA COCCIDIOSIS USING A PRECOCIOUS LINE. World Rabbit Science. 05(2). https://doi.org/10.4995/wrs.1997.318SWORD05
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
No full textThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
"Closing the R&D Gap, Evaluating the Sources of R&D Spending"
No full textBoth spending and tax policies have been implemented in the United States with the goal of stimulating private sector research and development (R&D). Karier questions whether current R&D policy, especially the research and experimentation tax credit, can contribute to closing the gap between nondefense expenditures on R&D in the United States and such expenditures in other countries, such as Japan and Germany. He also explores possible changes to our current R&D policy to make it more effective.
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
No full textWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Scholarly Communication and Publishing Lunch and Learn Talk #11: The ULS Open Access Author Fee Fund
No full textAt the May 2014 talk, you will learn about the ULS Open Access Author Fee Fund--what it is, why we do it, how it works, and how the program is going so far
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