1,720,964 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Classifying medication use in clinical research
Get PDFLes données sur l'utilisation des médicaments sont généralement recueillies dans la recherche clinique. Pourtant, aucune méthode normalisée pour les catégoriser n’existe, que ce soit pour la description des échantillons ou pour l'étude de l'utilisation des médicaments comme une variable. Cette étude a été conçue pour développer un système de classification simple, sur une base empirique, pour la catégorisation d'utilisation des médicaments. Nous avons utilisé l'analyse factorielle pour réduire le nombre de groupements de médicaments possible. Cette analyse a fait émerger un modèle de constellations de consommation de médicaments qui semble caractériser des groupes cliniques spécifiques. Pour illustrer le potentiel de la technique, nous avons appliqué ce système de classification des échantillons où les troubles du sommeil sont importants: syndrome de fatigue chronique et l'apnée du sommeil. Notre méthode de classification a généré 5 facteurs qui semblent adhérer de façon logique. Ils ont été nommés: Médicaments cardiovasculaire/syndrome métabolique, Médicaments pour le soulagement des symptômes, Médicaments psychotropes, Médicaments préventifs et Médicaments hormonaux. Nos résultats démontrent que le profil des médicaments varie selon l'échantillon clinique. Le profil de médicament associé aux participants apnéiques reflète les conditions de comorbidité connues parmi ce groupe clinique, et le profil de médicament associé au Syndrome de fatigue chronique semble refléter la perception commune de cette condition comme étant un trouble psychogèneMedication use data is usually collected in clinical research. Yet, no standardized method for categorizing these exists, either for sample description or for the study of medication use as a variable. The present investigation was designed to develop a simple, empirically based classification scheme for medication use categorization. We used factor analysis to reduce the number of possible medication groupings. This permitted a pattern of medication usage to emerge which appeared to characterize specific clinical constellations. To illustrate the technique’s potential, we applied this classification system to samples where sleep disorders are prominent: Chronic Fatigue Syndrome and Sleep Apnea. Our classification approach resulted in 5 factors that appear to cohere in a logical fashion. These were labeled: Cardiovascular / Metabolic Syndrome Medication, Symptom Relief Medication, Psychotropic Medication, Preventative Medication, and Hormonal Medication. Our findings show that medication profile varies according to clinical sample. The medication profile for participants with Sleep Apnea reflects known comorbid conditions; the medication profile associated with Chronic Fatigue Syndrome appears to reflect the common perception of this condition as a psychogenic disorder
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Driving with obstructive sleep apnea policies, behaviors and screening measures
Get PDFLe syndrome de l’apnée du sommeil (SAS) est un trouble grave qui se produit lorsque le débit respiratoire d'une personne est interrompu ou réduit de façon répétée pendant le sommeil, entraînant des baisses intermittentes de la saturation artérielle en oxygène. Le SAS a été caractérisé comme l'un des troubles médicaux les plus courants entraînant une somnolence diurne excessive. La somnolence et/ou la fatigue au volant sont des risques d'accidents de la route potentiellement mortels et peuvent remettre en question la capacité d’une personne à détenir un permis de conduire. Le SAS demeure un trouble du sommeil qui fait l'objet d'un large débat au sein des organismes responsables de la politique routière, en raison de nombreuses contradictions dans la littérature scientifique. Le but de cette thèse de doctorat est de revoir les positions des principaux pays leaders en matière des facultés de conduite des chez les conducteurs atteints du SAS et de proposer une approche d'évaluation au cas par cas qui tient compte des différences comportementales et des expériences individuelles chez ces patients.
Nos travaux ont mis en lumière qu'il existe une variabilité au simulateur de conduite, sur les comportements au volant, ainsi que sur le nombre d’infractions commisses, entre les personnes atteintes du SAS. La fatigue joue également un rôle important dans les comportements de conduite qui semble refléter une expérience distincte de celle de la somnolence. De plus, notre étude ne révèle pas de profils de conduite différents entre les conducteurs atteint du SAS qui étaient adhérents ou non au traitement du trouble respiratoire du sommeil avec un appareil de pression positive continue; en effet les données n’ont pas mis en évidence de différence, soit une diminution de la fatigue, de la somnolence ou des infractions au code de la route après 6 mois de traitement. Enfin, notre étude suggère l’usage d’une nouvelle mesure, plus accessible que les examens routiers et aux tâches de simulateur de conduite, qui inventorierait les infractions au code de la route répertoriées par une agence gouvernementale officielle dans un contexte ciblé d’estimation des risques de conduite chez le sujet avec SAS. Cet outil simple, si un accès privilégié était disponible, pourrait être utile aux cliniciens pour aider à l’identification d’un conducteur à risque atteint du SAS et pourrait offrir aux cliniciens une alternative aux examens routiers et aux tâches de simulateur de conduite couteux et chronophages.Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a serious disorder that occurs when a person's flow of breathing is repeatedly interrupted or reduced during sleep, leading to intermittent drops in blood oxygen saturation. OSA has been characterized as among the most common of medical disorders causing excessive daytime sleepiness. Sleepiness and/or fatigue at the wheel are unquestionably a risk for potentially fatal road accidents and a cause for questioning one’s ability to hold a driver’s license. OSA remains a sleep disorder that is widely debated among traffic policy-makers due to conflicting research findings available to them. The present study reviews the position of leading driving policy-making countries regarding driving competence among individuals with OSA; it proposes a case-by-case assessment approach that considers experiential and behavioural individual differences among individuals with OSA.
This study demonstrates that there is considerable variability both in the driving simulator task, on actual driving behaviors and the number of driving violations among individuals with OSA; this makes it difficult to identify a risk profile in the sample. Fatigue, as an experience distinct from sleepiness, appears to play a significant role in driving behaviors. In addition, the present data do not reveal different driving profiles between drivers with OSA who were either adherent or non-adherent to continuous positive air pressure treatment of the sleep disorder, nor do the data show that treatment decreases fatigue, sleepiness, or the number of self-reported driving violations after 6 months of treatment. Finally, this study introduces a new and more accessible measure that mirrors all possible violations listed by the official government driving agency. This simple tool can be useful for clinicians to help identify a risky driver with OSA and may present an alternative to expensive and time-consuming road tests and driving simulator tasks
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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