2,931 research outputs found
STUDIES ON MANGO FRVIT SPOT (II) PATHOGENICITY
No full text檬果果斑病為假單毛菌屬病害，其寄主範圍除檬果、介壽果外，新發現使君子亦為其寄主之一。其病做大小僅1mm以下，為能引起隆起之葉部病斑。
樣果品種間罹病性比較結果，其葉面刺傷按種罹病率均在50%以上，在51~60%者有Julian, Bararnasi及Himsagar四品種，61~70％者有Gadoeng等六品種，71~80%者有Gandem等七品種，81~90％者有Viet-nam（越南種）之等九品種，91％以上者有Singapuri, Hayden, Keitt, Bombay #1四種。
環境因子對致病力之影，試驗顯示，在攝氏32度，相對濕度70%以上時，接種後10天之罹病舉均可達到70%以上，相對濕度90%以上時，病斑呈黑色擴散狀。光照對罹病率之影響，光照為14小時者65.9%，而10」、時者為87.4%，顯示陰天對本病原菌繁准有利。
病原濃度在每公撮含1 × 10 7之細菌個數時效病力最強，而1 × 10 3以下者致病力甚弱，或不發病。
Mango fruit spot disease is caused by Pseadoesotws mangiferae-indicae which
induces deep brown stellate spots on fruits and angular, dark brown with raised spots on leaves.
The host-s of causal organism reported by Patel el at. in 1948 India, included mango (Marsgifera indica) and czshew nut (Anacardium occiden:ate) , A new host, Ringoon creeper (Qaisqulis indica) was discovered by writer, lately. The symptoms are the ame as described on mango leaves but the width is below 1 mm. along the wound. In screening varieties for susceptibility by needle prick mathod with 1 *10 3 cells/1 ml of suspension on leaves, the percentage of susceptibility was up.to 50 % on all of 30 varieties tested. There were 4 varieties namely Java, St. Julian, Baramasi and llimsagar showing susceptible percentage of 51 to 60%, 6 varieties such as Gadoeng etc. in the range of 61 to 70%, 7 varieties such as Gandem etc in the range of 71 to 80%, 9 varieties such as Vietnam etc. in the range of 81 to 90%, and 4 varieties such as Singapuri, Hayden, Keitt and Bombay No. 1 showing susceptible percentage in the range up to 91%.
The experiments on the effects of environmental factors indicated that susceptible percentage might reach up to 70 96 within 10 days after inoculation under the conditions when average temperature was 32℃ and RH was above 70%. However the susceptibility quickly fell down to 50% in 24℃ and 60 96 RH respectively. The average susceptible percentage of 65.9% was recorded in plants which received 14 hours 1000 lux light treatment/each day. Whereas, the 10 hours treatment showed 87.4% susceptibility. The trials on the influence of concentration of suspension on the susceptibility revealed a strung susceptibility if the inoculum concentration was1 x 10 7cells/1 ml. while weak or no susceptibiltty was recorded if it was 1 x 10 3 cells/1 ml, or below
Urbanization in Taiwan:1900-1985
No full text本研究檢討有關都市化之相關研究及統計資料藉以澄清台灣地區自1900－1985年間都市化之情形及其與人口遷移之關係。台灣在日據時代都市化的程度很低，而且在開發初期工業不發達、交通不便阻礙了人口遷移。自1953年開始一系列的經建計畫之後許多新興工業位於大都市及其周圍之市鎮，因而加速都市化之過程。本研究發現台灣都市成長的模式各階段並不一致，在1950-60年代是倒U字型，1960-70年代是向上波動型，1970-85年代是U字型。假若觀察的時間較長（如1947-85年間）則呈現向上波動型。都市大小與都市成長並非單向的關係，其間之關係受社會發展的階段及觀察時間長短的影響。一般而言觀察時期越長，且越是晚近的資料則都市大小與都市成長呈現向上波動的關係。本研究資料顯示都市人口增加的速度遠比都市化比例改變的速度快。
在1920到1940年代期間，台灣地區的人口逐漸由早期墾殖地移至新開發地區，在都市化的速度中亦伴隨著大都會人口之分散。許多學者認為開發中國家都市人口之成長主要是因自然增加的結果，但是台灣地區都市人口之增加，鄉村人口之移入更具影響力。This paper has reviewed previous research and statistical data concerning urbanization and its relationship to migration in Taiwan during 1900-1985 period. The level of urbanization was very low when Taiwan was under Japanese rule. The low level of industrialization and the difficulty of communication and transportation in the early stage of development may have impeded migration. Beginning in 1953, Taiwan began a series of economic construction plans. Modern industries have been burgeoning in many big cities and their peripherial townships, thus accelerating the urbanization process. The data clearly show that the growth rate of the urban population has been much faster than the rate of change in the proportion that is urban. During the 1920-40 period the population of Taiwan gradually moved from places of early settlement to new city centers or newly developed areas. It is quite clear that the process of metropolitan dispersion has increased with the development of urbanization in Taiwan.
The pattern of city growth was not consistent from period to period. It was reverse U-shaped for the 1950-60 period, upward-wave-shaped for the 1960-70 period, and J-shaped for the 1970-85 period. If a longer period (e.g., 1947-85) was observed, then it became upward-wave-shaped again. It is quite clear that there is no simple relationship between city size and city growth. This relationship is affected by stage of development; it also appears to be affected by duration of observation. Generally, the longer the interval observed, and the later the period analyzed, the more the upward-wave-shape holds for the relationship. Many scholars maintain that urban growth in developing countries results primarily from the natural increase of urban populations. However, judging from the rapid urban growth in Taiwan during the 1953-85 period, and considering the natural increase contributed by migrants in urban areas, it is likely that rural-urban migration is a more important source of urban growth
(42(1):30-36)Studies on the In Vitro Maintenance Techniques of Sweet Potato (Ipomoea batata L.) I. Influence of Carbon Source
No full text甘藷無病毒苗之莖段培養於含MS基本無機鹽類，0.4 mg/l thiamine-HC1，100 mg/1 myo-inositol，1 mg/1 IAA，6％ sucrose及0.8％ Difco agar之改良式MS固體培養基，可使培殖體生長旺盛，且移植後生長勢強，對加速種原繁殖極具功效。為延長種原保存的期限，於上述改良式MS培養基中，以3％ glucose取代6％ sucrose，則可抑制培殖體生長，延長繼代培養（subculture）週期達6個月，其培殖體若再移植培養於3％ sucrose之改良式MS培養基中，即可迅速恢復其生長勢。
Experiments were conducted to study the influence of sugar sources on the in vitro growth and maintenance of sweet potato cuttings for the purpose of efficient germplasm preservation. Stem segments of virus-free sweet potato plants were successfully cultured on a medium containing Murashige and Skoog (MS) inorganic salts supplemented with 0.4 mg/1 thiamine-HC1, l00 mg/l myo-inositol, l mg/l IAA, 6% sucrose and 0.8% Difco agar. In addition to active growth of the explants in the test tube, the survival rate and growth vigor of the cuttings after transplanting to pots were also high as compared to other treatments. In oreder to prolong the time interval between subcultures of the in vitro preserved sweet potato stem segments, the addition of 3% glucose as the sole carbon source to the medium was effective to lower the growth rate of the explants. The interval between successive subcultures could be extended to as long as 6 months. The growth vigor could be resumed after transfer the explants to culture medium containing 3% sucrose
Response to the Round Table on Why Did We Choose to Industrialize? Montreal 1819–1849
No full textAuthor Robert C.H. Sweeny responds to comments on his award-winning book, Why Did We Choose to Industrialize? Montreal 1819–1849.L’auteur Robert C.H. Sweeny répond aux commentaires de son livre récompensé, Why Did We Choose to Industrialize? Montreal 1819–1849
Propagation of Virus-free Sweet Potatoes through Shoot-tip Culture
No full text甘藷感染病毒之病株，以38-42℃熱處理4週以上切取0.3-0.6mm大小之莖頂，培養於含MS基本無機鹽類，每公升添加0.4mg thiamine-HCI、100mg myoinositol，4mg BAP，1mg IAA及30g sucrose之改良式固體MS培養基上，4週後移植於不含生長素之相同培養基，再經1撾，可得完整的培養苗。以指示植物Ipomoea setosa嫁接檢定，剔除病毒殘存株。其餘健康苗，以單莖節培養於改良式MS培養基，每3-4週可繼代培養一次，每次增殖5-6倍，每一莖頂一年約可繁殖40萬苗，對加速健康種苗繁殖，極具功效。
比較健株與罹病株結果發現；具黃斑型及紫斑型病徵之病株，其塊根減產約10%，具捲葉型病徵之病株，嚴重減產30％以上，健株初期生長快，收穫時塊根表皮光滑細緻，肉色亮麗，質量俱佳。
The procedure for producing virus-free sweet potato seedlings by the in vitro .in shoot-tip culture techniques has been established. Shoot tips about 0.3-0.6 mm in length, are excised from the plants previously exposed to high temperature (38~42℃) environment for 28 days. They are cultured for 4 weeks on the medium containing inorganic salts of Murashige and Skoog (MS) formulation supplemened with 0.4mg/l thiamine-HC1, 4 mg/l 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP), 1 mg/l indole -3-acetic acid (IAA), 100 mg/l myo-inositol, 30 g/1 sucrose, and 8 g/l Difco Bactoagar. The cultures are then transferred to medium containing no plant growth regulator, and intact plantlets could be produced within 10 weeks. More than 60% of the produced plantlets are free of virus contamination as proved by mechanical transmission and/or grafting with indicator plants Ipozaoea setosa or I. nil Single-node cuttings of these virus-free plantlets cultured in vitro could develop into intact plants within 20 to 30 days. A 5-time multiplication rate can be achieved after each subculture. A comparison between virus-free and virus-infected plants indicated that the fresh tuber yield was decreased by 30% if the plants were infected with leaf curl virus (SPV-B) and by 10% if infected with yellow spot symptom virus (SPV-A) and/or mild mottle symptom virus (SPV-N). The virus-free plants were also characterized by higher growth rate at early growth phase and better tuber quality
Recourse against Judgments in the Netherlands
Full text linkIn the 1980s, the Netherlands witnessed the start of a comprehensive programme of reform in the fields of judicial organisation and procedure. The reform programme consists of three stages, of which the first has now been completed. This has, amongst other things, resulted in the consolidation of several administrative procedures which were formerly adjudicated by different judicial bodies, in the Arrondissementsrechtbank. Consequently, the Arrondissementsrechtbank has obtained extensive administrative jurisdiction together with its jurisdiction in civil and criminal cases. As part of the reforms in the second stage, a bill has been submitted to Parliament which contains changes in the court structure. It is proposed to abolish the Kantongerecht and to reallocate its jurisdiction to the Arrondissementsrechtbank, transforming the latter court into a general first-instance court. In addition, the bill contains changes in the Code of Civil Procedure. In the present report the author discusses the current situation January 1998
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