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A Study of the Phases of Community-based Ecotourism Development
No full text近年來國際保育社會開始著重以社區為基礎的自然資源經營管理，透過在地社區長時間與自然資源互動所形塑出來的人地關係，使社區成為自然資源經保育的要角。而社區透過保育的成效來發展生態旅遊業，這種結合保育、商業經營與社區發展的「以社區為基礎的生態旅遊」模式近來在台灣頗受重視。
本研究分為兩階段進行，首先採個案研究法針對台灣發展社區本位生態旅遊之案例進行歸納分析，抽取其中重要因子，將發展過程轉為階段性歷程。並呈現各階段歷程之特徵、關鍵課題、可能因應方式以及階段之間的轉換機制。
第二階段是將本研究提出的社區本位生態旅遊之歷程在台東縣杉原社區進行實地個案探討，探究杉原社區過去與現在所處發展階段與本研究成果之呼應情形，並對杉原社區未來會經歷的發展階段提出具體建言。同時也提供國內期望以資源保育進行生態旅遊營造之社區一發展指引參考。
本研究針對社區本位生態旅遊提出五大發展階段，分別是：1.社區面臨生計危機、2.確立核心資源與展開保育行動、3.設立生態園區、4.發展生態旅遊計畫、5.永續經營等五大階段。而在杉原社區的實地個案研究分析結果可發現，其海濱護漁行動的過程可與本研究提出的發展階段相互呼應。杉原社區目前屬於第四「發展生態旅遊計畫」階段，未來也將面臨第五「永續經營」階段，藉由研究成果之彙整提供杉原社區未來發展方向的建議與相關重要課題的提醒。In recent years, the international conservation groups have been paying more attention to community-based natural resources management (CBNRM) and community-based ecotourism. Both of them emphasize the interdependence of local community and natural resources. This concept of ecotourism combines with conservation, business and the development of the local community. Recently, the public have more interests in this kind of cases.
The first part of the study is using the case study method to analyze the cases of the communities which developing ecotourism in Taiwan. And then not only make the development processes into stages, but also provide the characteristics, key issues and possible solutions on each stage. In addition, the study also provide the conversion mechanism between stages.
The following part of the study is using the result of the phases of community-based ecotourism development to examine shanyuan community. Besides, the study also wants to provide the guidelines to domestic communities which want to develop ecotourism through natural resources management.
This study identified five critical phases of the community-based ecotourism development. They are (1) the hardship of livelihoods, (2) to identify the core resources of the community and launch conservation action, (3) to establish ecological park, (4) the implement of ecotourism plans, (5) the sustainable management.
The study found that the action of fishing protection along the local waterfront in shanyuan community have interrelationships with the five critical phasas. Shanyuan community is now on the fourth stage, “the implement of ecotourism plans”. That is to say, the community may face the fifth stage, “the sustainable management” in the future. Therefore, the study provided several suggestions to Shanyuan community through the previous study results
Abnormal gastroesophageal flap valve is highly associated with gastroesophageal reflux disease among subjects undergoing routine endoscopy in Taiwan
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Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Job Insecurity and Withdrawal Behavior: Examining Mechanisms and Boundary Conditions
No full textJob insecurity is a work stressor that employees often experience in today\ue2s organizations. Previous studies have demonstrated a positive association between job insecurity and employee withdrawal behavior. However, relatively little is known about how and when job insecurity leads to withdrawal behavior. Dawning upon perseverative cognition model and conservation of resource theory, this study proposed and tested a theoretical model wherein quantitative and qualitative job insecurity influenced withdrawal behavior through negative rumination and emotional exhaustion, with career adaptability acting as a dispositional moderator. Two-wave time-lagged data were collected from a sample of 324 full-time employees in Taiwan. The results showed that both quantitative and qualitative job insecurity had sequential indirect effects on employee withdrawal behavior through negative rumination and emotional exhaustion. However, this study did not find support for the moderating effect of career adaptability. Implications for managerial practices and suggestions for future research are discussed
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