1,721,093 research outputs found
The study of benthic community structure and protein expression pattern of four benthic species in effluent areas of sewage treatment plants (STP) in Kaohsiung, Taiwan
No full textThe study of benthic community structure and protein expression pattern of four benthic species in effluent areas of sewage treatment plants in Kaohsiung, Taiwan
Dwi Candra Pratiwi
Advisor: Dr. Li-Lian Liu
Institute of Marine Biology, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, R.O.C.
Abstract
In order to gain better understanding on the impacts of sewage treatment plant (STP) effluent on marine environment, the present study was undertaken to investigate the structure of benthic community and protein expression patterns of 4 benthic species in STP effluent areas in Kaohsiung, Taiwan. Six sites were selected, 3 near Jhong Jhou STP, 2 near NSYSU STP and one reference site. Samples were collected in December 2009 (winter) and July 2010 (summer) by bottom trawling. In winter, temperature was 26.8oC; salinity and pH were 32. 2\u2030 and 8.1. In summer, environmental data were 33.7oC, 31.5\u2030 and 8.0, respectively. In all, 5 phyla, 31 families and 48 different species were captured in two seasons. Proteomic approach by one-dimensional sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (1D SDS-PAGE) was conducted on 3 fishes, Leiognathus splendens, Apogon fasciatus, Engyprosopon multisquama, and one crab Portunus hastatoides. Environment characteristics and structure of benthic community had no significant difference among the 6 sampling sites. Protein expression patterns based on the four examined species also indicated no significant difference among sites. The complexity of pollutants in Kaohsiung Harbor is probably the main reason affecting all sampling sites. In other words, contaminated area in Kaohsiung Harbor may cover a wide range, at least
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over the present sampling distance, i.e. 8km which causes no difference in community structure and protein expression pattern among control, Jhong Jhou STP and NSYSU STP sites.
Key words: 1D SDS-PAGE, Leiognathus splendens, Apogon fasciatus, Engyprosopon multisquama, Portunus hastatoide
Evaluation the use of neritid egg capsule and embryonic development to seawater acidification biomarker
No full textEvaluation the use of neritid egg capsules and embryonic development to seawater acidification biomarker
Chen-Hao Chang
Advisor\uef\ubcDr. Li-Lian Liu
Department of Oceanography, National Sun Yat-sen University,
Kaohsiung, Taiwan, R.O.C.
The effects of seawater acidification on marine organisms\ue2 calcification are an important issue recently. In this study, the intertidal Nerita snails are selected to evaluate the potential of using egg capsules and embryonic development as a seawater acidification biomarker. The experiment is divided into three parts. Firstly, the comparison of different pH values (pH 6.0 and 8.0) on the surface erosion of Nerita albicilla egg capsules. Secondly, the comparison of the erosion degree of egg capsules and the embryonic development on N. albicilla and Nerita undata among different locations. Thirdly, the comparison of the erosion degree of egg capsules and the embryonic development on N. albicilla and N. undata by transplant experiments. The CaCO3 structure on the surface of N. albicilla egg capsules in acidic seawater was eroded. Based on the degree of capsule erosion, it was divided into three levels. The erosion degree of capsules was higher in Mailiao than those from Qigu and Taixi. When comparing the embryonic development and erosion at the same time, the erosion degree of capsules from Taixi and Mailiao was relatively higher than the ones from Qigu. The transplant experiments were unsuccessful due to no living embryos was found. In summary, the degree of capsule erosion increased with time in acidic seawater and a lower erosion degree of capsules from Qigu than those from Taixi and Mailiao when embryonic development was also considered. In the future, if larval activity can be examined at the same time, Nerita snails still have the potential to be a biomarker for the study of seawater acidification
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Comparision of Shell Closing between Sanguinolaria rostrata and Meretrix lusoria
No full textSanguinolaria rostrata is a deep site-burrowing bivalve commonly found in the southwest coastal waters of Taiwan. It has a long siphon extending to the surface. It is reported that exposed S. rostrata dies in few days without silt. However trussing it up rubber bands or cut off the hinge, it can survive for over one month in the laboratory. In this study the relation of shell closing and mortality for S. rostrata were examined and compared with the hard clam Meretrix lusoria in the similar environments. The size of adductor muscle and its ratio to the shell size, the strength of shell closing and the tissue structure of adductor muscle were examined. The quantities of fructose 2,6- biphosphate, an intermediate of glycolysis, in the adductor muscle of S. rostrata were determined. The results indicated that the average strength of closing shell for S. rostrata was 36.65% and for M. lusoria was 41.19%. The trends of tropic shell closing strength and the size of adductor muscle as well as shell closing strength and the adductor muscle wet weight were the same for the two species. The ranges of strength for muscle closing among S. rostrata of different sizes were smaller than those of M. lusoria. The average ratio of the adductor muscle microfiber to muscle was 55.6\uef\ub9\uaafor S. rostrata and 83.2\uef\ub9\uaa for M. lusoria. Therefore, the adductor muscle of S. rostrata is looser to M. lusoria. The concentration of fructose 2,6- biphosphate fluctuated widely to the unclamped S. rostrata in the first 6 hours and the concentration reached 7.58\uce\ubcmole/mg at most. The concentration did not rise between 6 and 24 hours, indicating that unclamped S. rostrata consumed energy within the first 6 hours, then showed no sign of consuming energy
Changes in body adipocyte size and density as well as parameters relating to adipogenesis during the growth of the cobia Rachycentron canadum
No full textThis research investigated the changes in body adipocyte size and density as well as parameters relating to adipogenesis in growing cobia, Rachycentron canadum. The cobia from a same batch were sampled 5 , 7 , 9 , 13 , 17 , 21 , 26 and 31 weeks after hatching, Liver activities of fatty acid synthase, (FAS), mailc enzyme (ME), and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH) as well as serum total triacylglycerol (TG), total cholesterol (TC), phospholipid (PL), non-esterified fatty acid (NEFA) were assayed. Adipocyte abundance and size spectrum in liver, ventral muscle and dorsal muscle were determined. The cobia attained an average weight of 13.6 \uc2\ub1 0.5 g at week 5, and were cultured in nursery outdoor ponds until an average weight 87.5 \uc2\ub1 3.8 g when moved to open ocean cages. They grew to an average weight 1690.8 \uc2\ub1 106.6 g at week 31. The crude lipid content in liver, ventral and dorsal muscle increased significantly with fish age, and were 36.1 \uc2\ub1 3.2 g, 14.8 \uc2\ub1 0.2g, 4.6 \uc2\ub1 0.0 g at week 31. No significant change was found in hepatic FAS activity. Hepatic ME activity increased significantly after the fish were stocked in the cages. Whilr hepatic ME activity reduced with age, TG and PL were both increased significantly with age. While adipocyte diameter in liver showed a decreasing trend as the fish grew its abundance increased significantly at week 13 and maintained between 3070\ue2\ubc3356 x 104 cell/g tissue during week 17-31. Similarly, adipocyte abundance in ventral muscle increased significantly at week 13, and maintained between 255\ue2\ubc269 x 104 cell/g tissue afterwards. There was no significant change in size of ventral muscle adipocyte as fish grew. These results indicate that the adipocyte hyperplasia occurred during week 7- 13, when body weight was 100- 400 g. Adipocyte hypertrophy was observed when the fish reached week 31, there was a sign of adipocyte hypertrophy in liver when the fish were at the last phase of nursery outdoor ponds before being moved to the offshore cages
Morphology changes of Sponge Juvenile of Halichondria okadai
No full textThe sponge Halichondria okadai is one of the most common sponges in the intertidal zone in Peng-Hu, Taiwan. And their juveniles are found on the back side of rocks in the period of July to October. In the present study, changes of juvenile morphology with their growth and the contents of photoprotective materials were examined. In adults, the thickness of the black surface layer did not correlate with their surface area. In juveniles, changes of their color were not correlated with their surface area neither. In juveniles, the structure of the tissues in the mesoyl layer were looser than the surface layer and there were more black chromatocytes in the surface layer than the mesohyl layer. The compositions of spicules were different in various stages of the sponge. There were no spicules in embryos and larvae. In juveniles, microscleres were the main components. However, megascleres of oxea and strongyle were the major types in adult. When the juveniles exposed to different light treatments, their color changed gradually from white to black. In adults, the total contents of melanin were more in the surface layer than the mesoyl layer. And comparison, the contents of melanin were more in adults (0.074-0.115 mg/protein) than in juveniles (0.028-0.036 mg/protein)
Species composition and temporal and spatial distribution of siphonophores in the waters off eastern Taiwan
No full textThe species composition, temporal and spatial distribution of siphonophores in relation to hydrographic variables in the waters off eastern Taiwan were examined during the period from May 2000 to July 2001. In total, 54 siphonophoran species belonging to 21 genera and 6 families were identified, with the mean abundance of 284 \uc2\ub1 18 inds. /1000m3. The numerical abundance of siphonophores showed an apparent seasonal change, higher in autumn and lower in winter and summer. The six most dominant species were Chelophyes contorta, Abylopsis tetragona, Bassia bassensis, A. eschscholtz, Eudoxoides mitra and Diphyes chamissonisi, and together they contributed to 75.1 % of the numerical total of siphonophores.
The mean abundance, but not for species number, of siphonophores was significantly higher in Kuroshio waters than in coastal waters. Most siphonophores found in this study were belonged to the widespread oceanic species, and the dominant species composition was similar to those in the northern South China Sea. The dominant siphonophoran species exhibited apparent seasonal succession. Different dominant species, as well as their ratio of sexual and asexual generations, showed different seasonal distribution patterns.
The total abundance of siphonophores was not significantly correlated to water temperature and salinity. The abundance of the six most dominant species showed different correlations with water temperature and salinity. The abundance of C. contorta showed significant positive correlation with water temperature, but negative correlation with water salinity. The abundance of B. bassensis showed significant negative correlation with water temperature, but positive correlation with water salinity. The abundance of E. mitra showed significant negative correlation with water salinity. The others were not significantly correlated to water temperature and salinity
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