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The association between women's social status and the medicalisation of female genital cutting in Egypt
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Seksueel geweld tegen vluchtelingen, asielzoekers en mensen zonder wettig verblijf in België en Nederland
No full textEngaging communities to implement behaviour change to end FGM in the EU:Lessons from the REPLACE Project
No full textForced and child marriage at the intersection of health, gender and human rights : understanding the determinants in Morocco and the impact of the migratory context in Belgium
No full textResearching female genital mutilation/cutting
Full text linkThis volume consist of papers which provide an overview of the presentations at the Second International Academic Seminar: Female Genital Mutilation/Cutting at the intersection of qualitative, quantitative and mixed method research. Experiences from Africa and Europe. This seminar took place June 2017, in Brussels. The contributions in this book focus on research’s crucial role in abandoning female genital mutilation/ cutting (FGM/C), gaps in the research, the need to integrate an intersectionality perspective in the research and evaluations of current strategies for abandoning the practice.
Researching female genital mutilation/cutting
Full text linkThis volume consist of papers which provide an overview of the presentations at the Second International Academic Seminar: Female Genital Mutilation/Cutting at the intersection of qualitative, quantitative and mixed method research. Experiences from Africa and Europe. This seminar took place June 2017, in Brussels. The contributions in this book focus on research’s crucial role in abandoning female genital mutilation/ cutting (FGM/C), gaps in the research, the need to integrate an intersectionality perspective in the research and evaluations of current strategies for abandoning the practice.
Mutilação genital feminina : um desafio para os cuidados de saúde
Full text linkDissertação de Mestrado em Promoção e Educação para a Saúde apresentada na Escola Superior de Educação do Instituto Politécnico de Viana do CasteloOs profissionais de saúde, cada vez mais, necessitam de estar preparados para prestar cuidados de uma forma transcultural, atendendo à especificidade das tradições a que as pessoas que cuidam são sujeitas, como é o caso da Mutilação Genital Feminina (MGF). Esta é uma prática comum em alguns países africanos e asiáticos, estando a disseminar-se um pouco por todo o mundo, incluindo Portugal, reclamando uma atenção especial por parte do setor da saúde, tendo em conta as características que este ritual envolve. Desta forma, parece pertinente identificar os conhecimentos, atitudes e comportamentos dos profissionais de saúde, designadamente, Médicos Especialistas em Ginecologia e Obstetrícia e Enfermeiros Especialistas em Saúde Materna e Obstetrícia relativamente à Mutilação Genital Feminina, constituindo-se este como o objetivo primordial do presente trabalho. Para o efeito, desenvolveu-se um estudo descritivo, recorrendo a uma amostra de 138 profissionais de 4 Centros Hospitalares da região Norte de Portugal, utilizando-se como instrumento de colheita de dados o questionário de Leye et. al. (2006). Dos resultados, salienta-se a carente abordagem do tema ao longo da formação de base e especialidade, a escassez de conhecimentos nesta área e a despreocupação pela mesma. Por outro lado, os profissionais, na generalidade, revelam atitudes positivas no que respeita a este assunto. Identificaram-se, também, ainda que escassas, situações de prestação de cuidados a mulheres vítimas de MGF, para as quais alguns comportamentos não foram totalmente adequados. Em síntese, a particularidade e gravidade da situação intersetada com a carência de conhecimentos revelada pelos profissionais e a existência real de casos de MGF no nosso país, deve levar-nos a repensar as práticas e redefinir objetivos, no sentido da prestação de cuidados mais individualizados e multidisciplinares.Healthcare professionals, increasingly, need to be prepared to provide care in a transcultural way, given the specificity of the traditions that people who care are subject, as is the case of Female Genital Mutilation. This is a common practice in some African and Asian countries, with a spread all over the world, including Portugal, demanding special attention from the health sector, taking into account the characteristics that this ritual involves. Thus, it seems appropriate to identify the knowledge, attitudes and behaviors of health professionals, particularly, Medical Specialists in Gynecology and Obstetrics and Maternal Health Specialists Nurses and Midwifery regarding the Female Genital Mutilation, constituting it as the primary objective of the present research. For this purpose, we developed a descriptive study using a sample of 138 professional of 4 Hospitals of the region north of Portugal, using as an instrument of data collection the questionnaire Leye et. al. (2006). From the results, we highlight the poor approach of the theme throughout basic training and expertise, lack of knowledge in this area and the same nonchalance. Moreover, professionals in general show positive attitudes regarding this matter. Were identified, too, albeit scarce, situations of care for women victims of FGM, for which some behaviors were not entirely adequate. In summary, the particularly and gravity of this situation with the lack of knowledge shown by professionals and the existence of real cases of FGM in our country, should lead us to rethink the practices and redefine goals, towards more individualized care and multidisciplinary
To medicalize or not to medicalize : is that the question? Exploring medicalization of female genital cutting in Egypt and Kenya
No full textToday, medicalization is one of the major shifts within the practice of female genital cutting (FGC). Medicalization, as defined by the WHO, refers to any situation in which the practice is performed by a trained health professional, at a public or private clinic, at home, or elsewhere. The question “to medicalize or not to medicalize” is a hot topic in the debate on FGC, typically answered by policy makers through the implementation of an anti-medicalization discourse. Yet, in this Ph.D. dissertation, we argue that the discussion on medicalization is often built on moral and ethical arguments, with little empirical grounding. More specifically, we argue it is essential to incorporate the view of practicing communities themselves in the debate.
The overarching research questions within this Ph.D. dissertation are “Why do mothers opt to medicalize their daughters’ cut and how does this decision relate to her social position within her community?”. In this dissertation we aim to identify the social correlates of the shift towards medicalization, and the meaning and motivation behind them.
In Egypt, we examined the association between mothers’ social position, social norms surrounding the practice, the mothers’ daughters’ risk to be cut and the possible medicalization of this cut. In Kisii County, Kenya, we explored the mothers’ motivation to medicalize their daughters’ cut and we discussed the shift towards medicalization in relation to other shifts in the practice.
The first important conclusion of our research is that increasing medicalization and decreasing FGC prevalence can coexist. Increasing medicalization percentages do not necessarily increase girls’ risk to be cut. Moreover, we indicated three major drivers behind mothers‘ choices to medicalize their daughters’ cut. Firstly, mothers argue that they opt for a medicalized cut to reduce the health risks related to the cut. They seek a less harmful but still culturally acceptable alternative. Secondly, the medicalization of FGC is socially stratified. Thirdly, medicalization may act as a social norm itself.
In conclusion, we state that the debate about medicalization should be more nuanced and that the general discourse on medicalization should be challenged and empirically grounded. Before we are able to answer the question “to medicalize or not to medicalize”; many more questions lay before u
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