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The philosophy of logical practice
Get PDFWhile we now have an increasingly detailed understanding of the varied goals and methods that constitute the sciences and mathematics, our understanding of logic as a research area lags behind. A significant reason for this deficiency is that, unlike in the philosophies of science and mathematics, philosophers of logic have yet to embrace a practice-based approach to their field, re-orientating their attention towards logic as it is actually practised by logicians. This paper makes the case for a new area of research, the philosophy of logical practice, to sit alongside traditional philosophy of logic and systematically investigate logic's aims and methodologies using the practice-based approach.publishedVersio
Oswald Spengler and the politics of decline/ Ben Lewis.
No full textIncludes bibliographical references and index."Oswald Spengler was one of the most important thinkers of the Weimar Republic. In Oswald Spengler and the Politics of Decline, Ben Lewis completely transforms our understanding of Spengler by showing how well-connected this philosopher was and how, at every stage of his career, he attempted to intervene politically in the very real-life events unfolding around him. The volume explains Spengler's politics as the outcome of a dynamic interplay between his meta-historical considerations on world history on the one hand, and the practical demands and considerations of Realpolitik on the other hand"--1 online resource (ix, 201 pages
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
THE SCIENTIFIC CRISIS OF FREUD’S PSYCHOANALYSIS IN RELATION TO KARL POPPER’S FALSIFIABILITY CRITERION
No full textreservedThe setting of this thesis is Vienna in the first decades of the last century, a period marked by new revolutionary scientific discoveries – one honourable mention, serving as example, is Albert Einstein’s theory of relativity – but also a time of great improvement, as psychology, until then characterised by origins and similarities with philosophy, began to emerge as a distinct discipline, trying to adopt a more scientific methodology. While the first psychology laboratory in Germany had been active for decades, a famous name contributed to its rapid progress: Sigmund Freud, the father of psychoanalysis.
In this context, Karl Popper, philosopher of science, played a role in one of the debates of the time, concerning science’s methods of investigation and conclusions; his main subject of study was the demarcation problem, which aimed to differentiate science from non-science. Thus, this thesis will focus on this specific research question: “Is Freud’s psychoanalysis a science, according to Karl Popper’s criteria of science?”, analysing Karl Popper’s principles and Freud’s psychoanalytic theory.
The text is structured into three chapters, covering the following topics: introduction to the philosophical debates of the time and Karl Popper’s principle of falsifiability; brief overview of the psychoanalytic theory of Sigmund Freud, and Karl Popper’s epistemological critique of it; and lastly, a discussion on the modern renaissance of psychoanalysis
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