1,721,040 research outputs found
Evidens och existens. Evidensbaserad undervisning i ljuset av lärares erfarenheter.
No full textDuring the last decade there has been a strong focus on making teaching into an
evidence-based profession. The idea of evidence-based practice itself has been widely debated over the years and has been criticized, primarily for its positivistic assumptions. The many controversies that have arisen have tended to reinforce the
dualism between qualitative and quantitative research, and seem to have made educational researchers generally reluctant to deal with the notion of evidence-based education. Following on from this, there is an inherent risk that professionals in
schools will not be given enough resources to cope with the new demands made on
their work. In the present thesis, the suggested way forward in this matter is to study evidence-based practice in practice. The aim of this thesis is to study the opportunities and limitations associated with
the different models of evidence-based practice that have been proposed, by exploring professionals’ experiences of using evidence-based teaching strategies in the classroom. Formative assessment is used as an example to open up for an empirical approach, since it has been repeatedly identified as an evidence-based strategy. The study was conducted within the context of a local development project aimed at improving formative assessment in an upper secondary school in Sweden. In total, six teachers, who represent a mixed group of subjects, participated. To explore the teachers’ experiences in this setting, the study was based on a phenomenological approach that emphasizes collaboration between researcher and participant.
The themes of lived experience that are described in the thesis invalidate the
“classical model” of evidence-based practice and its expectations about how evidence
can and should be used by professionals. If one considers the complexities that the
teachers encountered, it is hard to see how the use of research could be made more
“linear”, or how practical guidelines can raise standards of achievement. Nevertheless, it is claimed that the lived examples contribute to the present efforts to adjust the principles of evidence-based practice to educational settings. Evidence-informed practice is discussed as an alternative model and proposed as a way forward. In conclusion, the need for the evidence-based practice movement to take “critical appraisal” into account, and encourage this kind of professionalism in teachers, is deeply emphasized
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
School principals turn research and research collaboration into assets : Value production as part of school and teacher development
No full textThis article reveals how school principals approach research in the wake of New Public Management reforms in Swedish schools. The empirical context is school principals’ accounts of how they use research and research collaboration to promote school and teacher development. Drawing from interviews with 15 school principals, the study uncovers three ideal types of school principals—collectivists, pragmatists, and networkers—capturing distinct patterns of relating to research. Guided by the concept of assetisation, the analysis demonstrates how these types produce different kinds of value: (i) pedagogical value—improving school and teaching quality; (ii) academic value—defining relevant and useful research; (iii) social value—connecting with qualified future personnel; (iv) economic value—improving the school’s reputation and obtaining grants; and (v) political value—persuading and silencing teachers. The article concludes with a call for a shift in the education governance system to enable research use among school principals that serve the interests of the teaching profession.</p
Utvecklingsledare på vetenskaplig grund : Spänningsfälten mellan evidensbaserad praktik och aktionsforskning
No full textI Sverige liksom i flera andra länder finns det från politiskt håll en klar önskan om att göra läraryrket till en forskningsbaserad profession. I detta sam-manhang lyfts utvecklingsledare, som ofta är verksamma forskare inom utbildnings-området, fram som betydelsefulla. Flera studier visar att utvecklingsledare är av betydelse för att lärare ska kunna dra nytta av forskningsresurser i deras arbete med skolutveckling. I debatter om denna fråga går dock åsikterna isär om på vilket sätt utvecklingsledare ska stödja lärare. Idén om evidensbaserad praktik respektive idén om aktionsforskning bidrar med två sinsemellan olika skolutvecklingsmodeller som båda betonar utvecklingsledares samarbete med lärare. Ska utvecklingsledare fram-för allt förmedla evidensbaserade undervisningsstrategier till lärare eller ska utveck-lingsledare främst handleda lärares aktionsforskning i skolan? I politiska förslag, såväl nationellt som internationellt, förefaller det som att skillnaderna mellan dessa båda forskningstraditioner av någon anledning ofta förbi-ses. Aktionsforskning ses i utbildningspolitiken främst som en resurs för att öka användningen av forskningsresultat. Vissa politiker tar för givet att aktionsforsk-ning förbättrar lärares förmåga att tillämpa evidens i klassrumspraktiken. I England har till exempel aktionsforskning kommit att passas in i reformer som avser att stödja utvecklingen av evidensbaserad praktik, och det rådande utbildningspolitiska klimatet i Sverige gör det tänkbart att aktionsforskning kan komma att få en motsvarande roll. Frågan som ställs i denna artikel är om den kritiska aktionsforskningstraditionen i så fall kan bidra till kulturer av evidensbaserad praktik bland pedagogiskt yrkes-verksamma i Sverige. I artikeln diskuteras denna fråga efter en undersökning av de konsekvenser som evidensbaserad praktik respektive kritisk aktionsforskning tänk-bart kan få för utvecklingsledares arbete. Mot bakgrund av en jämförelse av de skilda krav som dessa båda idétraditioner ställer på just utvecklingsledare framstår de politiska förslagen som högst problematiska. Avslutningsvis poängteras utvecklingsledares behov av alternativa förhållningssätt som tillåter pedagogisk forskning att spela flera olika roller i skolutvecklingen.</p
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