8 research outputs found
Giraffe foraging ecology in the Tarangire Manyara ecosystem, Tanzania
Get PDFA Dissertation Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master’s in Life Sciences of the Nelson Mandela African Institution of Science and TechnologyManagement of rangelands requires knowledge of forage species that are preferred or avoided by
wildlife and livestock. The recent and rapid transformation of habitat by humans has led to
increased concerns about the proper management of rangelands. In East African savanna
ecosystems, the expansion of woody vegetation into previously open grasslands has led some
rangeland managers to advocate for the active removal of native bushes to maintain grazing
lawns in African savanna ecosystems. However, little is known about how browsing herbivores
might benefit from the ingrowth of woody vegetation. Diet selection by the Masai giraffe
(Giraffa camelopardalis tippelskirchi) was quantified in the Tarangire Manyara Ecosystem of
Tanzania. Instantaneous scan sampling was used to quantify foraged woody plant species and
compare those data with proportions of available woody plant species at two different spatial
scales during a wet and dry season and between areas of different protection statuses. Study
results showed that giraffes demonstrated strong selection towards some woody plant species
while avoiding others, both at the local and the landscape scale. Giraffes preferentially used more
forage species in less protected areas (8 forage species) than in a fully protected area (only 1
species). At both spatial scales, giraffes significantly preferred the shrub Dichrostachys cinerea,
a species that livestock managers have classified as encroacher species needing removal. This
preference was visible in the wet and dry seasons. The results of this study suggest that browsing
wildlife species such as giraffes may be adversely affected by the removal of D. cinerea from
rangelands and that managing for grazing livestock only could negatively impact browsing
wildlife on mixed-use lands
Il realismo e l’idea di magia in “Cristo si è fermato a Eboli” di Carlo Levi
Get PDFAvendo letto questo libro per la prima volta sono rimasta stupita con la sua complessità che non fa il lettore confuso o disorientato ma nella sua complessità si trova qualcosa di semplice, qualcosa di comprensibile anche ai lettori meno istruiti. Mi sono trovata persa nella vita quotidiana di quel tempo così che mi pareva che anch'io avessi potuto far parte di quella vita. L'autore ha fatto sì che il suo libro resti interessante per generazioni e generazioni e ha fatto vivere se stesso mediante la sua opera. L'immortalità delle pagine piene di emozioni ed esperienze era sempre per me degna di più alta ammirazione, così ho deciso di approfondire le mie conoscenze sulle opere leviane, in particolare su Cristo si è fermato a Eboli
Lingkar Rupa Community Strategy in Developing the Actualization of Street Artists in Kota Tua, Jakarta
Get PDFThis study will describe the method used by the initiators of the Lingkar Rupa Community as a basis for a strategy to develop the quality of the work of street artists in Kota Tua, as well as a description that archives the movement of a new art community in Jakarta. Lingkar Rupa in an effort to protect and actualize themselves and the work of street artists in Kota Tua. The community, which was initiated by an art and culture teacher, Ferry Kurniawan, is a social activity that arose from the founder's personal anxiety about art life at the grassroots level. This research will discuss the background, art activities and exhibitions, art strategies and the impact that Lingkar Rupa has carried out. With a qualitative method, namely using in-depth interview techniques from several founders and members of Lingkar Rupa's own informants. The theory of participatory art will be a surgical tool that examines the direction of this community's journey. It should be noted that the 'street art' that the author describes here is an art that is different from the terminology of 'street art' in the West which often emerges from elite academic circles and tries to present works of protest against the social situation around them in a very 'educated' manner. This research is also important to identify the 'underground' movement which is often not recognized because it is less popular and dapper. Strategi Komunitas Lingkar Rupa dalam Mengembangkan Aktualisasi Seniman Jalanan di Kota Tua, JakartaAbstrakPenelitian ini akan mengurai metode apa yang dipakai oleh penggagas Komunitas Lingkar Rupa sebagai dasar strategi mengembangkan kualitas berkarya para seniman jalanan di Kota Tua, selain sebagai deskripsi yang mengarsipkan gerakan sebuah komunitas seni baru di Jakarta. Lingkar Rupa dalam upaya mengayomi dan mengaktualisasi diri dan kekaryaan para seniman jalanan di Kota Tua. Komunitas yang digagas oleh seorang guru seni dan budaya, Ferry Kurniawan, merupakan aktivitas sosial yang muncul dari kegelisahan personal pendirinya mengenai kehidupan seni di kalangan akar rumput. Dalam penelitian ini akan dibahas mengenai latar belakang, kegiatan seni dan pameran, strategi kesenian, serta dampak yang telah Lingkar Rupa kerjakan, dengan metode kualitatif yaitu menggunakan teknik wawancara yang mendalam dari beberapa informan pendiri dan anggota Lingkar Rupa itu sendiri. Teori seni partisipatoris akan menjadi alat bedah yang mengkaji arah perjalanan komunitas ini. Perlu diketahui bahwa ‘seni jalanan’ yang penulis jabarkan di sini adalah seni yang berbeda dari terminologi ‘street art’ di Barat yang kerap kali muncul dari kalangan akademi elit dan mencoba menghadirkan karya protes terhadap situasi sosial di sekitarnya dengan sangat ‘terdidik’. Penelitian ini juga penting untuk mengidentifikasi gerakan ‘bawah tanah’ yang sering kali tidak terekognisi karena kurang populer dan necis
Forage selection by Masai giraffes (Giraffa camelopardalis tippelskirchi) at multiple spatial scales
Get PDFThis research article was published by Oxford University Press, 2022Management of rangelands requires knowledge of forage species that are preferred or avoided by wildlife and livestock. A recent expansion of woody vegetation into previously open grasslands in African savanna ecosystems negatively impacts many mammalian grazers. Nevertheless, the ecological role of bush encroacher plant species as food may present a benefit for browsing species. We quantified diet selection by Masai giraffes (Giraffa camelopardalis tippelskirchi) through foraging observations and vegetation sampling in the Tarangire Ecosystem of Tanzania, which includes large areas of a native shrub that livestock managers have classified as an encroacher species (Dichrostachys cinerea). We compared woody plant species used by giraffes for foraging with availability at two different spatial scales during the wet and dry seasons. Giraffes selected some woody plants such as Vachellia species while significantly avoiding others, both at the local and landscape scales. Giraffes preferred foraging on D. cinerea at both spatial scales and in both the wet and dry seasons. Management that has focused on benefiting grazing livestock by removal of encroaching species (e.g., D. cinerea) may have unintended consequences for wildlife, especially for browsing species like giraffes that feed extensively on the expanding bush species
Design of the data-driven software application for identification, population monitoring, and risk assessment for lions in Serengeti Tanzania
No full textThis research article was published by Computational Ecology and Software, 2025, 15(1): 1-14This study presents a design of a Data-Driven software application for identification, population monitoring,
and risk assessment for lions in Serengeti Tanzania. Lions’ populations have been declining due to poaching,
overhunting, and other ecosystem factors resulting in unmet demands for tourism and ecological balance.
Data-driven techniques can lower the negative consequences by providing mechanisms for lions’ management,
risk assessment, and monitoring in selected wildlife reserves. Lion’s whisker spots, poaching rates, prey
availability, human-conflict incidences, and pride size are key elements for achieving management,
identification, monitoring, and risk assessment for lions. The software application design aimed at providing
conceptual and logical requirements for the development of the application that will enhance lions’ monitoring
and management efforts to protect their existence and contribution to the ecosystem. The study was conducted
in the Serengeti ecosystem, including ecologists from the Tanzania Wildlife Research Institute Serengeti
Wildlife Research Center, and information systems analysts. Through a mixed research methods approach,
qualitative methods and incremental prototyping software development life cycle model were used to develop
the specific requirements. Unified Modeling Language (UML) was used to model the requirements and led to
the realization of design diagrams: application framework, database design, and artificial intelligence model
workflows. The application should equip ecologists with tools to add and identify specific lions, monitor
sightings, estimate population trends, assess risks for individual lions, and produce reports on monitoring and
sightings. This design serves as a foundation for developing the data-driven software application for
identification, population monitoring, and risk assessment for lions in Serengeti National Park Tanzania which
will enhance monitoring and management activities of lions’ population non-invasively
Forage selection by Masai giraffes <em>(Giraffa camelopardalis tippelskirchi</em>) at multiple spatial scales
No full textManagement of rangelands requires knowledge of forage species that are preferred or avoided by wildlife and livestock. A recent expansion of woody vegetation into previously open grasslands in African savanna ecosystems negatively impacts many mammalian grazers. Nevertheless, the ecological role of bush encroacher plant species as food may present a benefit for browsing species. We quantified diet selection by Masai giraffes (Giraffa camelopardalis tippelskirchi) through foraging observations and vegetation sampling in the Tarangire Ecosystem of Tanzania, which includes large areas of a native shrub that livestock managers have classified as an encroacher species (Dichrostachys cinerea). We compared woody plant species used by giraffes for foraging with availability at two different spatial scales during the wet and dry seasons. Giraffes selected some woody plants such as Vachellia species while significantly avoiding others, both at the local and landscape scales. Giraffes preferred foraging on D. cinerea at both spatial scales and in both the wet and dry seasons. Management that has focused on benefiting grazing livestock by removal of encroaching species (e.g., D. cinerea) may have unintended consequences for wildlife, especially for browsing species like giraffes that feed extensively on the expanding bush species.</p
Forage selection by Masai giraffes (Giraffa camelopardalis tippelskirchi) at multiple spatial scales
Get PDFManagement of rangelands requires knowledge of forage species that are preferred or avoided by wildlife and livestock. A recent expansion of woody vegetation into previously open grasslands in African savanna ecosystems negatively impacts many mammalian grazers. Nevertheless, the ecological role of bush encroacher plant species as food may present a benefit for browsing species. We quantified diet selection by Masai giraffes (Giraffa camelopardalis tippelskirchi) through foraging observations and vegetation sampling in the Tarangire Ecosystem of Tanzania, which includes large areas of a native shrub that livestock managers have classified as an encroacher species (Dichrostachys cinerea). We compared woody plant species used by giraffes for foraging with availability at two different spatial scales during the wet and dry seasons. Giraffes selected some woody plants such as Vachellia species while significantly avoiding others, both at the local and landscape scales. Giraffes preferred foraging on D. cinerea at both spatial scales and in both the wet and dry seasons. Management that has focused on benefiting grazing livestock by removal of encroaching species (e.g., D. cinerea) may have unintended consequences for wildlife, especially for browsing species like giraffes that feed extensively on the expanding bush species
