1,720,953 research outputs found
Effets des conditions météorologiques locales sur la sélection d'habitat du caribou des bois face aux perturbations anthropiques en forêt boréale
Get PDFRÉSUMÉ : Les changements climatiques représentent une menace grandissante pour la biodiversité mondiale puisqu'ils auront des impacts sévères sur plusieurs écosystèmes. La forêt boréale canadienne, déjà fortement perturbée par les activités d'exploitation des ressources, est un biome particulièrement à risque en raison de l'importante augmentation de température attendue au cours des prochaines décennies. Plusieurs espèces en subiront les effets, d'autant plus que certaines doivent déjà faire face à d'autres moteurs de déclin. C'est le cas de plusieurs populations boréales du caribou des bois (Rangifer tarandus caribou, ci-après caribou), dont l'autosuffisance est compromise par la perte et la fragmentation d'habitats naturels découlant de perturbations cumulées. Le présent mémoire visait à étudier l'effet des conditions météorologiques locales (température, précipitations, épaisseur et densité de neige) sur la sélection d'habitat du caribou face aux perturbations anthropiques. Je me suis intéressée à la réponse comportementale de dix populations de caribous distribuées au Québec et en Colombie-Britannique, couvrant un large gradient climatique et différents types de perturbations, au cours de six périodes biologiques distinctes. Mes résultats montrent certains patrons communs tels qu'une augmentation de la sélection des peuplements matures et de l'évitement des milieux ouverts avec des températures plus chaudes en été. Toutefois, j'ai également observé une grande variation de réponses entre les populations, suggérant l'existence d'une plasticité comportementale face aux interactions entre les conditions météorologiques et les perturbations anthropiques. Par exemple, l'épaisseur et la densité de neige modulaient la sélection des structures linéaires durant l'hiver de manière différente entre les populations à l'étude. Mes résultats laissent croire qu'une interaction entre les changements climatiques et la perte d'habitat est probable, et suggèrent que le comportement de thermorégulation, l'accès aux ressources et la capacité de mouvement du caribou pourraient en être affectés. De telles réponses comportementales pourraient altérer les stratégies d'utilisation de l'espace et de ségrégation spatiale du caribou face au risque de prédation, avec des conséquences possibles sur l'autosuffisance des populations. Ce mémoire souligne qu'il est nécessaire de prendre en compte les interactions potentielles entre divers facteurs de déclin et de s'attarder aux variations comportementales entre groupes d'individus pouvant indiquer la présence de plasticité comportementale. -- Mot(s) clé(s) en français : Caribou boréal, changements climatiques, fonction de sélection de ressources, plasticité comportementale, Rangifer tarandus caribou. --
ABSTRACT : Climate change represents a growing threat to biodiversity and will have great impacts on several ecosystems. Canada's boreal forest is especially at risk due to the relatively large increases in temperature expected over the next decades. In combination with the ongoing industrial development, climate change may lead to the continued decline or loss of a number of conservation-dependent species. It could affect the persistence of many boreal populations of woodland caribou (Rangifer tarandus caribou, hereafter caribou), whose current decline is largely caused by habitat change, loss, and fragmentation. However, the potential effects of climate change in combination with landscape change are not well understood. I investigated the interacting effect of anthropogenic disturbance and local weather conditions (temperature, precipitation, snow depth and density) on the habitat selection of 10 populations of boreal caribou distributed in Québec and British Columbia, over six distinct biological periods. My results show some common patterns such as an increasing selection of mature stands and an avoidance of open habitats with warmer temperature in summer. However, we also observed important variations in resource selection among populations, suggesting the presence of behavioural plasticity in responses to the interactions between weather conditions and anthropogenic disturbances. For example, I observed interpopulation differences in the effect of snow depth and density on the avoidance of linear features. My results suggest that the thermoregulatory behaviour, access to resources and movement capacity of caribou will most likely be affected by an interaction between climate change and habitat loss. Such behavioural responses could alter the space use and spatial segregation strategies of caribou in response to predation risk, with possible consequences for population sustainability. This thesis emphasizes the need to consider the potential interactions between different drivers of decline and to focus on behavioural variations between groups of individuals which may indicate the presence of behavioural plasticity. -- Mot(s) clé(s) en anglais : Behavioural plasticity, boreal caribou, climate change, resource selection function, Rangifer tarandus caribou
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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