1,355,575 research outputs found
Sans-abrisme et travail social au féminin
No full textLe film Les invisibles, sorti en salle le 9 janvier 2019, est une comédie sociale qui raconte le quotidien d’une équipe d’intervenantes sociales, travaillant dans un lieu d’accueil de jour à destination de femmes sans domicile. Il fait écho aux travaux sociologiques menés par Marie Loison-Leruste, à qui la Nouvelle revue du Travail a demandé un éclairage sur le sujet traité par le réalisateur, Louis-Julien Petit. Quels sont les points de complémentarité entre le regard sociologique et celui du réalisateur ? Quelles sont au contraire les différences entre les constats empiriques que les sociologues peuvent faire et ce que le film met en évidence ? Alors qu’il est fréquent que la grande précarité soit traitée de façon misérabiliste, Marie Loison-Leruste montre que le film « sonne juste » et qu’il reflète bien les conditions de vie des femmes sans domicile et les conditions de travail difficiles des intervenantes sociales qui les accompagnent.The film Les Invisibles, released at the cinema on January 9, 2019, is a social comedy that tells the daily life of a team of social workers in a day-care center for homeless women. It echoes the sociological work conducted by Marie Loison-Leruste, to whom we asked for a light on the subject treated by the film-maker, Louis-Julien Petit. What are the points of complementarity between the sociological view and that of the film-maker? On the contrary, what are the differences between the empirical observations that sociologists can make and what the film highlights? While the great precariousness is often treated in a miserabilistic way, Marie Loison-Leruste shows that the film "rings true" and reflects well the living conditions of the homeless women and the difficult working conditions of the social workers who provide them social support.La película Los invisibles, que se estrenó el 9 de enero de 2019, es una comedia social que narra la vida cotidiana de un equipo de trabajadoras sociales que labora en un centro de cuidado diurno para mujeres sin hogar. Hace eco de los trabajos sociológicos realizados por Marie Loison-Leruste, a quien la Nouvelle Revue du Travail le solicitó un punto de vista sobre el tema tratado por el director, Louis-Julien Petit. ¿Cuáles son los puntos de complementariedad entre la visión sociológica y la del director? Por el contrario, ¿cuáles son las diferencias entre las observaciones empíricas que los sociólogos pueden hacer y lo que esta película pone de manifiesto? Mientras que es frecuente que la gran precariedad se trate con miserabilismo, Marie Loison-Leruste muestra que la película “suena justa” y que refleja bien las condiciones de vida de las mujeres sin hogar y las difíciles condiciones de trabajo de las trabajadoras sociales que las apoyan
Marie Loison-Leruste, Habiter à côté des SDF. Représentations et attitudes face à la pauvreté.
No full textQuelles images a-t-on des personnes sans-abris et quels sont les effets de ces représentations sur l’usage commun d’un quartier ? Fruit d’une recherche menée dans le cadre de sa thèse de sociologie, l’ouvrage de Marie Loison-Leruste traite des représentations de la grande pauvreté qu’ont des riverains habitant à proximité de structures d’accueil spécialisées dans l’accompagnement social de personnes sans-abri. Il convient d’emblée de préciser que la principale hypothèse de l’auteure est celle..
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
No full textThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
No full text“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
No full textWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Ecological trajectories of phytoplankton communities in Mediterranean coastal lagoons during ecosystem restoration Auteur Leruste, Amandine
No full textLocated at the interface between marine and continental systems, coastal lagoons are among the most diverse and productive ecosystems. These semi-enclosed ecosystems are very vulnerable to nutrient enrichment. In the Languedoc-Roussillon region, anthropogenic pressures have profoundly damaged the coastal lagoons, especially those belonging to the Palavasian complex close to Montpellier. The latter lagoons have been affected by high nutrient loadings from the sewage treatment plant of the Montpellier agglomeration. This resulted in a trophic gradient among the eight lagoons in the complex, from mesotrophy to hypertrophy, with altered primary producer communities by favoring the predominance of the phytoplankton compartment.The phytoplankton responds very fast to environmental variability. The high specific and functional diversity of the phytoplankton carries information regarding the different ecological processes and ecosystem functioning. Hence, phytoplankton has been widely used as an efficient indicator of aquatic ecosystems functioning.In December 2005, the effluents responsible of the eutrophication of the Palavasian lagoons were diverted into the Mediterranean Sea. This measure resulted in a reduction of the inorganic phosphorous and nitrogen loadings to the lagoons from 70 to 83 %, respectively, and initiated a process of ecological restoration. This thesis aimed to improve the understanding of the restoration process of Mediterranean coastal lagoons by studying phytoplankton communities’ trajectories.The analysis of a database comprising fourteen years of observations from 2000 to 2013 established that the restoration of coastal lagoons gave rise to an improvement of the water quality, linked to a drastic reduction of phytoplankton biomass. The time series showed a sharp drop of the Diatoms (3-5 µm), which before the diversion had been particularly enhanced by the nutrient inputs from the effluents. The analysis of phytoplankton trajectories since the nutrient inputs reduction showed a modification of phytoplankton community composition characterized by an increase of the abundances of Green algae and Dinophytes. This modification reflects the change of the origin and the form of available nutrients caused by the re-oligotrophication. It especially emphasizes the importance of benthic fluxes of phosphate and ammonium, for which Green algae are the most competitive. In addition, the benthic stocks of organic matter may represent a resource for mixotrophic species. Picophytoplankton, which was exclusively dominant in the Palavasian lagoons before the diversion, is now temporarily replaced by nano- and microphytoplankton during seasonal blooms. This is related to their specific strategies to acquire and use nutrients. The seasonal variability of taxonomic and functional phytoplankton diversity (cell size, trophic regime, growth) of two lagoons from the Palavasian complex with contrasted trophic status was studied in more detail, and compared to that of an oligotrophic lagoon. This study showed some particularities of the phytoplankton communities to fit to distinct ecosystem functioning, which can be linked to the degradation caused by eutrophication. The restoration is still unfinished today. The phytoplankton biomass increases since 2012 in response to suitable climatic conditions. The phytoplankton of the Palavasian lagoons still quickly responds to a nutrient pulse, highlighting the lagoon vulnerability to an anthropogenic nutrient input.A l’interface entre les milieux marins et continentaux, les lagunes côtières sont des écosystèmes très diversifiés et figurent parmi les milieux les plus productifs. Leur confinement les rend particulièrement vulnérables aux apports nutritifs qu’elles tendent à concentrer. En Languedoc-Roussillon, les lagunes ont été profondément dégradées par les pressions anthropiques, en particulier le complexe des étangs palavasiens qui a souffert d’un enrichissement nutritif intensif provenant des effluents de la station de traitement des eaux de l’agglomération montpelliéraine. Cet enrichissement a engendré un gradient d’eutrophisation dans ces huit lagunes, de la méso- à l’hypertrophie, altérant profondément la structure des producteurs primaires vers une dominance du compartiment phytoplanctonique.Le phytoplancton témoigne d’une réponse rapide à la variabilité environnementale, et son importante diversité spécifique et fonctionnelle reflète une grande diversité de processus écologiques et de fonctionnement écosystémiques. Grâce à ces caractéristiques, ce compartiment a été largement utilisé comme un indicateur du fonctionnement des écosystèmes aquatiques.Depuis décembre 2005, les effluents responsables de l’eutrophisation des lagunes palavasiennes ont été déviés en mer Méditerranée. Cette mesure a réduit de 70 à 83 % les apports en phosphore et azote inorganiques aux lagunes, initiant un processus de restauration écologique. Cette thèse vise à mieux comprendre les processus de restauration des lagunes méditerranéennes au travers de l’étude des trajectoires d’évolution des communautés phytoplanctoniques.L’analyse de 14 ans de données de 2000 à 2013 a permis de montrer que la restauration des lagunes a entrainé une amélioration de la qualité de l’eau principalement liée à la réduction drastique de la biomasse phytoplanctonique. Cette réduction a illustré la chute des abondances de Diatomées (3-5 µm), qui étaient particulièrement favorisées par les apports nutritifs diffus provenant des effluents. L’analyse des trajectoires des communautés phytoplanctoniques depuis la réduction des apports a mis en évidence une modification de leur composition exprimée par une hausse des abondances des Algues vertes et des Dinophytes. Cette modification reflète le changement de l’origine et de la forme des nutriments disponibles induit par la re-oligotrophisation. Elle traduit l’importance des flux d’ammonium et de phosphates sédimentaires dans les lagunes en voie de restauration, pour lesquels les Algues vertes sont très compétitives, et l’importance des stocks de matière organique favorisant les espèces mixotrophes. Le picophytoplancton qui dominait exclusivement les communautés est aujourd’hui transitoirement remplacé par le nano- et le microphytoplancton au cours des efflorescences saisonnières. La variabilité saisonnière de la diversité taxonomique et fonctionnelle (taille cellulaire, régime trophique, croissance) des communautés phytoplanctoniques de deux lagunes du complexe des étangs palavasiens aux niveaux trophiques contrastés a été approfondie, et comparée à celle d’une lagune oligotrophe. Cette analyse a mis en évidence des particularités des communautés, témoignant de fonctionnements écologiques distincts principalement liés à la dégradation des lagunes par l’eutrophisation. Les résultats de cette thèse indiquent que les processus de restauration restent inachevés. La biomasse phytoplanctonique tend à ré-augmenter depuis 2012 en réponse à des conditions climatiques favorables. Le phytoplancton des lagunes palavasiennes réponds toujours fortement à un pulse nutritif, illustrant la vulnérabilité de ces lagunes vis-à-vis de l’enrichissement d’origine anthropique
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
No full textWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Author, publisher and bookseller : a tripartite synergy in Nigerian book industry
No full textThis work is about the roles of Author, Publisher and Bookseller in Book development in
Nigeria. The paper started by delving into the history of Book Publishing in Nigeria after
which it proceeded by defining who an author, a publisher, and a bookseller is and
expatiated on the indispensable roles of these key actors in Nigerian Book Industry and in
the emerging Information Society. Furthermore, the various constraints to book
development were identified while the paper advised on how the Book Industry can be
further promoted in Nigeria. However, the paper concluded and made recommendations
on how the Book sector can help in enhancing scholarship in the country
The Thursday Murder Club: Launching a megabrand author - a publishing case study
No full textIn 2020, the Christmas book charts in the UK made headlines: Barack Obama’s eagerly awaited autobiography, The Promised Land, was beaten to the top spot by The Thursday Murder Club by Richard Osman, a debut cosy crime novel set in a retirement village. Not only did Osman’s book beat the former US president’s expected bestseller, it also broke records, becoming the fastest-selling debut crime novel of all time. Although Osman has a certain level of fame in the UK from his TV appearances on shows such as Pointless, his celebrity status does not entirely explain the novel’s huge sales. This article tracks the acquisition, publication, and promotion journey of The Thursday Murder Club in order to understand the industry and cultural context of its success and to interrogate the role of celebrity in the creation of author brands. The findings suggest that the unexpected scale of the success of the book owed to a number of factors, including in-depth editing by the novel’s agent, editor, and author to tighten up the plot, an extensive and strategic promotional campaign, the pandemic (which drove interest in the book’s genre and themes), and the quality of the writing. We find that the book’s success was accentuated by Osman’s celebrity status rather than being entirely reliant on it. This research adds to the growing scholarship on celebrity authorship by means of an in-depth case study and provides insight into the processes behind publishing a ‘celebrity’ book and launching a megabrand author
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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