1,721,445 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Omgivningsfaktorers betydelse för uppkomst av diabetes hos barn - TEDDY: urvalsstudie
No full textUmbilical cord blood was taken from 48000 new born children in the county of Skåne in order to determine the risk of hereditary type 1 diabetes. Of the screened children 7,4% had an increased risk. Of these, 2,525 children participate in the study follow-up part. TEDDY children will be followed until they are 15 years old. Up until 4 years of age, the child visits a TEDDY office every 3 months. After 4 years of age, the visits takes place two times per year. If the child shows signs of an autoimmune process started, that the child has acquired antibodies in the blood, the child are followed-up every three months in the future. The study includes blood, feaces, urine and saliva samples as well as samples from the nails. Height and weight are recorded and children's physical activity is measured. Food Diary conducted during periods and sample on the family's tap water is taken. Further interviews are conducted and the parents respond to different questionnaires. Purpose: To identify environmental exposures that are associated with increased risk of developing autoantibodies against pancreatic islet beta cells in children. Children who develop two or more islet cell autoantibodies develop type 1 diabetes, which may take months or years. The secondary aim is to study the mechanisms behind why some children that developed two or more islet cell autoantibodies eventually develop diabetes.Navelsträngsblod togs från 48000 nyfödda barn i Skåne för att bestämma risken för ärftlig typ 1 diabetes. Av de screenade barnen hade 7,4 % ökad risk. Av dessa ingår 2525 barn i studiens uppföljningsdel. TEDDY-barnen ska följas tills de är 15 år. Fram till 4 års ålder kommer barnet till en TEDDY-mottagning var 3:e månad. Efter 4 års ålder sker besöken 2 gånger per år. Om barnet visar tecken på att en autoimmun process börjat, dvs barnet har fått antikroppar i blodet, följs barnet var tredje månad även i fortsättningen. Studien omfattar blod-, avförings-, urin- och salivprov samt prov från naglar. Längd och vikt registreras och barnens fysiska aktivitet mäts. Matdagbok förs under perioder och prov på familjens kranvatten tas. Vidare genomförs intervjuer och föräldrarna besvarar olika frågeformulär. Syfte: Att bestämma vilken eller vilka omgivningsfaktorer som hos barn förknippas med ökad risk för utveckling av autoantikroppar mot pankreasöarnas betaceller. Barn som utvecklar två eller flera ö-cells autoantikroppar utvecklar typ 1 diabetes, vilket kan ta månader eller år. Det sekundära syftet är att ta reda på vilka mekanismer som bestämmer varför vissa barn som utvecklat två eller fler ö-cellsautoantikroppar så småningom får diabetes
Depleting T cells in newly diagnosed autoimmune (type 1) diabetes--are we getting anywhere?
Full text linkEnvironmental factors in the etiology of type 1 diabetes, celiac disease, and narcolepsy
No full textThe etiology of human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-associated organ-specific autoimmune diseases is incomplete. In type 1 diabetes and celiac disease, the strongest associations are with the HLA-DR3-DQ2 and DR4-DQ8 haplotypes, whereas the DQB1*06:02 allele has a strong negative association. In contrast, narcolepsy, especially as recently triggered by the Pandemrix® H1N1 vaccine (GlaxoKlineSmith (GSK), Brentford, Middlesex, UK), did not seem to develop without at least one copy of the latter allele. The overall hypothesis is that the role of these different HLA haplotypes, especially in Finland and Sweden, is related to the immune response to infectious agents that are common in these two populations. The high incidence of both type 1 diabetes and celiac disease in Scandinavia may be the result of the HLA-DR3-DQ2 and DR4-DQ8 haplotypes, and the DQB1*06:02 allele are common because they protected people from succumbing to common infections. The timing of dissecting the autoimmune response is critical to understand the possible role of environmental factors. First, an etiological trigger may be a common virus infecting beta cells or with antigens inducing beta-cell cross reactivity. Second, an autoimmune reaction may ensue, perhaps in response to beta-cell apoptosis or autophagy, resulting in autoantigen-specific T cells and autoantibodies. It is critical in at-risk children to dissect the immune response prior to the appearance of autoantibodies in order to identify cellular reactions in response to environmental factors that are able to induce an HLA-associated immune reaction
Is there evidence for post-translational modification of beta cell autoantigens in the aetiology and pathogenesis of type 1 diabetes?
Full text linkStørling and colleagues hypothesise in this issue (Diabetologia DOI: 10.1007/s00125-013-3045-3 ) that post-translational modification (PTM) of autoantigens might create tissue-specific neo-epitopes that could trigger type 1 diabetes. Data on PTM of islet autoantigens are scarce and readers should not believe that the PTM hypothesis is supported by strong experimental evidence. The proposed genetic factors are many but their possible contribution is conjectural. There is a lack of a rational approach to test the PTM hypothesis at the different stages of type 1 diabetes. Research that carefully addresses each stage of the type 1 diabetes disease process is warranted to advance our understanding of autoimmune (type 1) diabetes
- …
