1,721,216 research outputs found
Inducement Prizes and Innovation.
Full text linkWe examine the effect of prizes on innovation using data on awards for technological development offered by the Royal Agricultural Society of England at annual competitions between 1839 and 1939. We find large effects of the prizes on competitive entry and we also detect an impact of the prizes on the quality of contemporaneous patents, especially when prize categories were set by a strict rotation scheme, thereby mitigating the potentially confounding effect that they targeted only “hot” technology sectors. Prizes encouraged competition and medals were more important than monetary awards. The boost to innovation we observe cannot be explained by the re-direction of existing inventive activity.Awards; Patents; Contests.
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Pricing and Financial Resources: An Analysis of the Disk Drive Industry, 1980-88.
No full textThis paper empirically examines the 'long purse' hypothesis, formalized by Patrick Bolton and David Scharfstein (1990), that incumbents may drive out entrants through aggressive pricing. The author analyzes the pricing of 733 disk drives between 1980 and 1988. Drives that are adjacent to those manufactured by thinly capitalized undiversified rivals are priced lower than other drives during the later years in the sample, when little equity financing was available to these firms. The results are robust to controls for alternative hypotheses and to other specifications of the hedonic regression. Copyright 1995 by MIT Press.
The Government as Venture Capitalist: The Long-Run Impact of the SBIR Program.
No full textGovernment programs to finance small firms have attracted little empirical attention. This article examines the largest U.S. initiative, the Small Business Innovation Research program. Using a unique database, the author shows that program awardees grew significantly faster than matched firms over a decade and were more likely to attract venture financing. The superior performance of awardees was confined to firms in regions with substantial venture capital activity and was pronounced in high-technology industries. Multiple awards did not increase performance. These results suggest that awards played an important role in certifying firm quality but also that distortions of the award process occur. Copyright 1999 by University of Chicago Press.
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Why is it so difficult to translate innovation economics into useful and applicable policy prescriptions?
No full textCEMIAbstract of the book: While the importance of innovation to economic development is widely understood, the conditions conducive to it remain the focus of much attention. This volume offers new theoretical and empirical contributions to fundamental questions relating to the economics of innovation and technological change while revisiting the findings of a classic book. Central to the development of new technologies are institutional environments, and among the topics discussed here are the roles played by universities and other nonprofit research institutions and the ways in which the allocation of funds between the public and private sectors affects innovation. Other essays examine the practice of open research and how the diffusion of information technology influences the economics of knowledge accumulation. Analytically sophisticated and broad in scope, this book addresses a key topic at a time when economic growth is all the more topical
Government sponsored versus private venture capital: Canadian evidence
No full textThis paper investigates the relative performance of enterprises backed by government-sponsored venture
capitalists and private venture capitalists. While previous studies focus mainly on investor returns,
this paper focuses on a broader set of public policy objectives, including value-creation, innovation,
and competition. A number of novel data-collection methods, including web-crawlers, are used to
assemble a near-comprehensive data set of Canadian venture-capital backed enterprises. The results
indicate that enterprises financed by government-sponsored venture capitalists underperform on a
variety of criteria, including value-creation, as measured by the likelihood and size of IPOs and M&As,
and innovation, as measured by patents. It is important to understand whether such underperformance
arises from a selection effect in which private venture capitalists have a higher quality threshold for
investment than subsidized venture capitalists, or whether it arises from a treatment effect in which
subsidized venture capitalists crowd out private investment and, in addition, provide less effective
mentoring and other value-added skills. We find suggestive evidence that crowding out and less effective
treatment are problems associated with government-backed venture capital. While the data does not
allow for a definitive welfare analysis, the results cast some doubt on the desirability of certain government
interventions in the venture capital market
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