1,720,998 research outputs found
CRESCITA POST-TRAUMATICA E SOLITUDINE NEI GIOVANI ADULTI DURANTE LA PANDEMIA DA COVID-19
No full textObjective: The study aims to investigate the levels of post-traumatic growth and loneliness in a sample of young adults during the COVID-19 pandemic. A further objective is to investigate the correlations between post-traumatic growth and loneliness and specific contingent factors, such as future orientation and fears associated with the pandemic. Finally, this study aims to investigate gender differences and socio-demographic differences in the above psychological variables. Materials and methods: A sample of young adults was recruited through an online survey. Post-traumatic growth was evaluated through the Post-traumatic Growth Inventory (PTGI); loneliness levels were evaluated through the UCLA Loneliness Scale. Future orientation scales and pandemic-associated fears were also explored through the Multidimensional Assessment of COVID-19-Related Fears (MAC-RF). Results: The study included 373 participants (mean age 24.02 years). Moderate levels of loneliness and post-traumatic growth have been reported. Young women reported higher post-traumatic growth, greater future orientation, and less fear than men; no significant gender differences in levels of loneliness emerged. Those who lost their jobs during the pandemic or were forced to change their jobs experienced increased post-traumatic growth. Young adults who have reported at least one acquaintance or loved one infected with SARS-cov-2 virus have reported a greater Spiritual Change (post-traumatic growth domain). Ultimately, a mediation model showed that subjects with high levels of perceived loneliness could effectively expose themselves to reduced post-traumatic growth in the presence of low levels of future orientation. Conclusion: Loneliness and post-traumatic growth represent two core factors among young adults during the pandemic. Further evidence is needed to clarify how post-traumatic growth can be a factor of psychological adaptation for young adults, with relevant implications especially for the implementation of person-centered interventions. Similarly, loneliness and a sense of social connection should be factors on which designing tailored interventions aimed at promoting psychological well-being and reducing maladaptive behaviour
Ripensare l’alleanza terapeutica attraverso lo studio del processo terapeutico nella cura del panico. Due terapie ad orientamento psicodinamico.
Get PDFIl Disturbo da Attacchi di Panico (DAP) è, sul piano clinico, una sindrome acuta e cronica, ad alta incidenza epidemiologica, che costituisce oggi, insieme alla fobia sociale e alla depressione, una delle tre maggiori cause d’invalidità della popolazione e, conseguentemente, una delle maggiori fonti di costi sociali, medici e psichiatrici (DSM-IV-TR, 2000).
In questo articolo, assumendo il concetto di relazione come elemento caratterizzante il trattamento terapeutico, si cerca di connettere la manifestazione fenomenologica del panico alle modalità relazionali del soggetto e al loro significato. Si cerca di adottare questo “sguardo” anche in una prospettiva di ricerca, attraverso la “lente” dell’alleanza terapeutica. Si prova, sulla base dei risultati di ricerca ottenuti, a formulare alcune ipotesi sulle modalità attraverso cui la sintomatologia panica può influenzare la costruzione e lo sviluppo dell’alleanza terapeutica con il paziente, nel corso del trattamento.
La ricerca ha preso in considerazione due pazienti affetti da Disturbo da Attacchi di Panico (DSM-IV, APA, 1994), trattati con una psicoterapia gruppo analiticamente orientata e a lungo termine.
Lo studio adotta un disegno naturalistico di tipo osservazionale-descrittivo, del tipo single-case, centrato sull’osservazione longitudinale dei due trattamenti
From Childhood Emotional Maltreatment to Disordered Eating: A Path Analysis
No full textChildhood emotional maltreatment (i.e., emotional abuse and emotional neglect), attachment, reflective functioning (RF), defense styles, and disordered eating (DE) are associated with each other. However, no study has yet investigated all these variables simultaneously. The present study aimed to test the mediating role of attachment, RF, and defense styles in the relationship between childhood emotional abuse and neglect and DE. Self-report questionnaires were completed by 769 Italian adults (48.1% females; mean age = 28.89; SD = 7.28). DE, childhood emotional abuse and neglect, attachment (anxiety and avoidance), RF, and defense styles were assessed. Bivariate correlations and path analysis were run separately for males and females. We found significant indirect effects between emotional abuse and neglect and DE via attachment insecurities (anxiety and avoidance), low RF, and neurotic and immature defense styles in females. In addition, neurotic and immature defense styles and RF mediated the relationship between emotional neglect, attachment anxiety, and DE, in males. The findings supported the hypothesized model of risk factors for DE and provided additional insight into mechanisms underlying the relationship between childhood emotional maltreatment and DE. Prevention and intervention programs should be targeted at improving attachment security, defensive functioning maturity, and RF in people with a history of childhood emotional maltreatment
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
LONGITUDINAL ASSOCIATIONS BETWEEN RESILIENCE AND MENTAL HEALTH DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC
No full textObjective: Research on the psychological impact of the COVID-19 pandemic has pointed out that lockdowns had small effects on the overall mental health, despite considerable heterogeneity among studies is present. Psychological resilience may be responsible for an amount of variance in individual reactions to the pandemic, despite the fact that its longitudinal associations with mental health symptoms remain unclear. This study sought to investigate changes in resilience and its relationships with depression, anxiety, and stress during the COVID-19 pandemic. Method: A total of 814 participated in this longitudinal study via an online survey during the first lockdown consequent to the COVID-19 pandemic (T1) and during the third wave (T2). The Resilience Scale and the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales - 21 were administered. Sociodemographic data and COVID-19 related information were also collected. Results: Psychological resilience decreased during the third wave of the pandemic, whereas depression and stress increased. Moreover, psychological resilience had a direct effect only on depression during the third wave, while its effect on anxiety and stress is mediated by the mental health during the first lockdown. Conclusions: The mental health symptoms worsened during the third wave, while protective factors such as resilience decreased. Individuals showing high resilience experienced lower depression, anxiety, and stress over time. Psychological intervention that enhances resilience should be embraced in the action of health care authorities to reduce the impact of pandemic
The “echo effect” of the pandemic in dreaming experience: a mixed-method study on contents, structure, and functions
No full textFear of COVID-19 and Future Orientation: Different Profiles in Dealing With the Pandemic and Associations With Loneliness and Posttraumatic Growth
Get PDFClinical Impact Statement The use of a person-oriented approach focusing on the existence of patterns among the individuals, rather than mean and correlations characterizing the variable-oriented research could be worthwhile for a more complex picture of the impact of the pandemic. In this vein, this study points out different ways of reacting to the COVID-19 pandemic resulting from the combination of fear and future orientation. Moreover, the perceived loneliness of individuals should be considered by clinicians because it is associated with dysfunctional profiles of reaction. The profile named "Constructively Preoccupied" characterized by both high fear and high future orientation has greater posttraumatic growth.Objective: This study aimed to examine the profiles of reaction to the COVID-19 pandemic based on the combination of fear and future orientation, as well as their sociodemographic, situational, and relational predictors. We also compared posttraumatic growth between the profiles. Method: A sample of 640 Italian participants completed the Multidimensional Assessment of COVID-19-Related Fears (MAC-RF), the Future Orientation Scale (FOS), the UCLA Loneliness Scale-Version 3, and the Posttraumatic Growth Inventory (PTGI). Results: Latent profile analysis indicated a 4-class solution as the best-fitting model. The first profile ("Detached") comprised 9.9% of the sample and was characterized by both low fear and future orientation. The second profile ("Hopeful") concerned 49.9% of the sample and it featured low fear and high future orientation. The third profile ("Constructively Preoccupied") involved 35.5% of the sample and was distinguished by high fear and high future orientation. The fourth profile ("Fearful") included 4.6% of the sample and was marked by high fear and low future orientation. Multinomial logistic regressions indicated that the female gender was more likely to be associated with the Constructively Preoccupied profile, while older age was more likely to be associated with the Hopeful one. Higher perceived loneliness was associated with all profiles except the Hopeful. Results of comparisons showed substantial differences in posttraumatic growth between the profiles. The Constructively Preoccupied profile showed the greatest posttraumatic growth. Conclusions: Overall, these results point out the various profile of reaction to the pandemic and that adopting a person-oriented approach could enhance their grasp
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