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Freeze-dried jaboticaba (Myrciaria Jaboticaba (Vell.) Berg) peel and freeze-dried jaboticaba peel tea as strategy against metabolic syndrome and oxidative stress
Get PDFOrientador: Mario Roberto Marostica JuniorTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia de AlimentosResumo: O presente estudo objetivou determinar os compostos bioativos e o potencial antioxidante in vitro e in vivo da casca de jabuticaba liofilizada (CJL) e do chá preparado a partir da casca de jabuticaba liofilizada (CJL-chá), bem como avaliar o potencial terapêutico desses produtos na obesidade e síndrome metabólica induzida por dieta. Compostos fenólicos totais, flavonoides e antocianinas totais foram quantificados por métodos colorimétricos. Ácido elágico, ácido gálico e cianidina-3-O-glicosídeo foram identificados e quantificados por HPLC. Os ensaios antioxidantes FRAP, ABTS+, DPPH e ORAC foram realizados com o extrato metanólico da CJL e o CJL-chá. Ratos, Wistar, adultos, foram randomizados em 6 grupos (n = 10): Controle magro (AIN93-M) que recebeu dieta AIN-93M por 12 semanas; Controle obeso que recebeu dieta hiperlipídica adicionada de frutose (HFF) por 12 semanas; Prevenção CJL (P. CJL) e Tratamento CJL (T. CJL) que receberam dieta HFF suplementada com 2% de CJL por 12 e 6 semanas, respectivamente; Prevenção chá de jabuticaba (P. CJL-chá) e Tratamento chá de jabuticaba (T. CJL-chá) que receberam dieta HFF e tiveram a água substituída pelo chá da CJL por 12 e 6 semanas, respectivamente. Os testes de tolerância à glicose (GTT) e tolerância à insulina (ITT) foram realizados. Glicose sérica e insulina plasmática foram mensuradas. Adiponectina e leptina séricas foram dosadas. O fígado e os tecidos adiposos epididimal (TAE), mesentérico (TAM) e retroperitoneal (TAR) foram coletados e pesados. Os lipídios nos fígados foram mensurados por Bligh & Dyer. Alíquotas do tecido hepático foram fixadas em formalina tamponada e encaminhadas para análise histológica. O conteúdo total de insulina nas ilhotas e a secreção de insulina após estimulo de glicose foram mensurados por radioimunoensaio (RIE). O potencial antioxidante plasmático e hepático foi mensurado por FRAP e TBARS. GSH total e as enzimas antioxidantes (GPx, GR, SOD e CAT) foram medidas no plasma e no fígado dos animais. Os resultados foram submetidos ao teste de variância ANOVA e teste de Tukey, com significância de 0,05. TBARS, GSH e CAT foram positivamente modulados pela suplementação com casca de jabuticaba, porém FRAP, SOD, GPx e GR, não responderam à suplementação. O ganho de peso, adiposidade visceral e a alguns parâmetros relacionados à resistência à insulina foram positivamente alterados com 6 e 12 semanas de suplementação. A suplementação por 12 semanas elevou o HDL-colesterol e reverteu a esteatose hepática mostrando que a o consumo de CJL por mais longo período pode promover melhores resultados. Conclui-se que a CJL e CJL-chá possuem grande potencial funcional na prevenção e combate ao dano oxidativo, obesidade, resistência à insulina e esteatose hepáticaAbstract: The aim of present study was to determine the bioactive compounds and antioxidant potential in vitro and in vivo of freeze-dried jaboticaba peel (FJP) and freeze-dried jaboticaba peel tea (FJP-T), as well as evaluate the therapeutic potential of these products in diet induced obesity and metabolic syndrome. Total phenolic compounds, flavonoids and anthocyanins were determined by colorimetric methods. Ellagic acid, gallic acid and cyanidin-3-O-glucoside were identified and quantified by HPLC. Antioxidant assays FRAP, ABTS+, DPPH and ORAC were done with FJP methanolic extract and FJP-T. Wistar rats, adults, were randomized in 6 groups (n = 10): normolipidic diet (AIN-93M) fed AIN93-M diet for 12 weeks; High-fat fructose diet (HFF) fed HFF diet for 12 weeks; Prevention FJP (P. FJP) and treatment FJP (T. FJP) fed HFF diet supplemented with 2% FJP for 12 and 6 weeks, respectively; Prevention FJP-T (P. FJP-T) and treatment FJP-T (T. FJP-T) fed HFF diet and had substituted water by FJP-T for 12 and 6 weeks, respectively. Glucose tolerance test (GTT) and insulin tolerance test (ITT) were done. Serum glucose and plasma insulin were measured. Serum adiponectin and leptin were dosed. Liver and adipose tissues epididymal (EAT), retroperitoneal (RAT) and mesenteric (MAT) were collected and weighted. Fat liver was measured by Bligh; Dyer (1959). Liver aliquots were fixed in buffered formalin and forwarded by histological analysis. Total pancreatic islets insulin content and glucose stimulated insulin secretion were measured by radioimune assay (RIA). Liver and plasma antioxidant potential was measured by FRAP and TBARS assay. Total GSH and antioxidant enzymes (GPx, GR, SOD and CAT) were measured in plasma and liver. Results were submitted to ANOVA variance analysis and Tukey¿s test, with significance of 0.05. TBARS, GSH and CAT were positively modulated by jaboticaba peel supplementation, but FRAP, SOD, GPx and GR not respond to supplementation. Weight gain, visceral adiposity and some parameter related to insulin resistance were positively changed with 6 and 12 weeks of supplementation. Long term (12 weeks) supplementation increased HDL-cholesterol and reversed liver steatosis, showing that long term jaboticaba peel intake could promote better results. In conclusion, FJP and FJP-T have a great functional potential in prevent and treatment of oxidative damage, obesity insulin resistance and liver steatosisDoutoradoNutrição Experimental e Aplicada à Tecnologia de AlimentosDoutora em Alimentos e Nutrição140387/2012-9CNP
Effect of freeze-dried jaboticaba (Myrciaria jaboticaba (Vell.) Berg) peel on oxidative stress, treatment of obesity and health parameters in vivo
No full textOrientador: Mario Roberto Marostica JúniorDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia de AlimentosResumo: O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar o efeito da casca de jabuticaba liofilizada (CJL) adicionada à dieta hiperlipídica no desenvolvimento da obesidade, perfil lipídico e hormonal e resistência à insulina, bem como sobre a peroxidação lipídica e modulação das enzimas com atividade antioxidante. Para tanto, ratos Sprague-Dawley foram alimentados com dieta Controle, dieta hiperlipídica (HF) e dietas HF adicionadas de 1, 2 e 4% de CJL. Ingestão energética, ganho de peso e composição corporal, além de glicose sérica e perfil lipídico e hormonal foram determinados. A resistência à insulina (RI) foi determinada pelo Teste de Tolerância à Glicose (GTT), Teste de Tolerância à Insulina (ITT) e cálculo do indicador de HOMA-IR. Para avaliar o status antioxidante, os níveis de TBARS e isoprostanos, bem como as concentrações de glutationa total, glutationa redutase, glutationa peroxidase, catalase e superóxido dismutase foram mensuradas no plasma dos animais. No tecido hepático, foram mensurados os níveis de TBARS e hidroperóxidos. Todos os resultados foram submetidos ao teste estatístico de ANOVA e teste de Tukey (p<0,05). A CJL adicionada à dieta HF não reverteu o ganho de peso e não alterou o colesterol total, perfil hormonal e glicose sérica. Contudo, o consumo de 1, 2 e 4% de CJL reduziu significativamente a insulina sérica e o indicador de HOMA-IR nos animais experimentais. Além disso, os animais alimentados com 2% de CJL mostraram níveis de HDL-colesterol similares ao grupo Controle (aumento de 41,65% comparado com o grupo HF). No status antioxidante, a CJL adicionada à dieta HF não reverteu a peroxidação lipídica no plasma e fígado dos animais. Porém, os níveis das enzimas glutationa redutase, catalase e superóxido dismutase foram aumentadas no plasma dos animais. Assim, o consumo de CJL pode promover aumento do HDL-colesterol, melhorar a RI e modular positivamente a atividade dessas enzimas, promovendo aumento no potencial antioxidante e prevenindo o desenvolvimento de doenças cardiovasculares, diabetes melitos tipo 2 e outras doenças relacionadas com o estresse oxidativoAbstract: The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of freeze-dried jaboticaba peel (FJP) added to high-fat diet on the development of obesity, lipid and hormonal profile and insulin resistance, as on lipid peroxidation and modulation of enzymes with antioxidant activity. For this purpose, Sprague-Dawley rats were fed a control diet, high-fat control diet and high-fat diets added to 1, 2 and 4% of FJP. Energy intake, weight gain and body composition, as serum glucose, lipid and hormonal profile were determined. The Insulin Resistance (IR) was determined by glucose tolerance test (GTT), insulin tolerance test (ITT) and calculation of HOMA-IR index. To evaluate the antioxidant status, the levels of TBARS and isoprostane, well as the concentrations of total glutathione, glutathione reductase, glutathione peroxidase, catalase and superoxide dismutase were measured in plasma of animals. Levels of TBARS and hydroperoxides were measured in liver tissue. All results were submitted to statistical analysis ANOVA and Tukey's test (p<0.05). The FJP added to the diet did not reverse the weight gain and did not alter the total cholesterol, hormonal profile and serum glucose. However, consumption of 1, 2 and 4% FJP reduced serum insulin and HOMA-IR index of the experimental animals. In addition, animals fed with 2% FJP showed HDL-cholesterol levels similar to control group (increase 41.65% compared to HF group). In antioxidant status, the FJP added to HF diet did not reverse the lipid peroxidation in plasma and liver of animals. However, the levels of enzymes glutathione reductase, catalase and superoxide dismutase were increased in plasma of animals. Thus, the consumption of FJP can increases HDL-cholesterol, improvement insulin resistance and modulate positively the activity these enzymes, promoting an increase in antioxidant potential and preventing the development of cardiovascular diseases, type 2 diabetes mellitus and other diseases related with oxidative stressMestradoNutrição Básica Experimental e Aplicada à Tecnologia de AlimentosMestre em Alimentos e Nutriçã
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Effects of chia (Salvia hispanica L.) oil supplementation combined with aerobic training as a strategy to combat obesity in rats fed a high-fat diet
No full textINTRODUÇÃO: A obesidade é uma doença complexa e multifatorial caracterizada pelo acúmulo anormal ou excessivo de gordura corporal, que acarreta prejuízos à saúde dos indivíduos. Nesse contexto, prevenir e tratar essa doença e suas complicações metabólicas é fundamental e a primeira opção para seu manejo é a mudança no estilo de vida composta pela prática de atividade física e dieta. Alguns alimentos específicos podem promover benefícios contra a obesidade, como é o caso da chia fonte de ácido α-linolênico, o qual apresenta efeito hepatoprotetor e cardioprotetor. Entretanto, não são conhecidos pelo nosso grupo estudos que associem a suplementação do óleo de chia com o exercício físico. OBJETIVO: Avaliar os efeitos da suplementação de óleo de chia aplicada isoladamente e associada ao treinamento aeróbio (TA), sobre composição corporal, perfil lipídico, acúmulo de gordura hepática, função e estrutura cardíaca de ratos alimentados com dieta hiperlipídica. MÉTODOS: A pesquisa foi realizada com ratos machos Wistar, divididos em quatro grupos: Controle normocalórico (CN) – alimentados com dieta comercial por 14 semanas; Controle obesogênico (CO) – alimentado com dieta obesogênica hiperlipídica; Dieta obesogênica e suplementado com óleo de chia (OOChia) e Dieta obesogênica suplementada com óleo de chia e associada a treinamento aeróbio (OTOChia). Os grupos obesogênicos foram alimentados com dieta de cafeteria sendo que o ganho de peso foi monitorado uma vez na semana e a ingestão de dieta a cada dois dias. O protocolo durou 14 semanas e as intervenções foram iniciadas após a 6ª semana, totalizando 8 semanas de intervenção. O óleo de chia foi suplementado por meio de gavagem diária (1mL) e o TA foi por meio de natação com duração de 30 minutos e frequência de 3 vezes na semana. Cinco dias antes da eutanásia foi realizado o exame de ecocardiografia para avaliação funcional do coração. Ao final das 14 semanas os animais tiveram o sangue coletado em jejum e, após a exsanguinação, o fígado, coração e os tecidos adiposos epididimal (TAE), mesentérico (TAM) e retroperitonial (TAR) foram retirados para as análises de quantidade de gordura no fígado, estrutura cardíaca e composição corporal. Os lipídios nos fígados foram mensurados por Bligh & Dyer, alíquotas do tecido hepático foram fixadas em formalina tamponada e encaminhadas para análise histológica, perfil lipídico foi analisado por meio de método colorimétrico, lâminas histológicas do coração foram confeccionadas, coradas com hematoxilina/eosina para mensuração das áreas de secção transversa dos cardiomiócitos e análise da dimensão fractal. As comparações entre os grupos foram realizadas pela análise de variância ANOVA - One Way com pós teste de Tukey para dados normais ou Kruskal-Wallis com pós teste de Dunn para dados não normais. O nível de significância adotado foi de 5%. RESULTADOS: Os resultados estatísticos demostram que o óleo de chia, quando administrado por 8 semanas de maneira isolada, induziu menor ganho de TAE, diminui triglicérides e colesterol total, e aumentou HDL colesterol. Ainda menor área dos cardiomiócitos e menor valores de dimensão fractal foram observados para o grupo OOChia. Já a associação do óleo de chia com o TA levou a menor ganho de peso cumulativo, menor aumento de TAE, TAM e TAR, assim como diminuiu triglicérides e aumentou HDL colesterol. Além disso, também apresentou menores valores de dimensão fractal. CONCLUSÃO: O consumo de óleo de chia de maneira isolada ou associado com o TA, durante 8 semanas, produz efeitos positivos no perfil lipídico, tecido adiposo, acúmulo de gordura hepática e estrutura cardíaca em ratos alimentados com dieta hiperlipídica.BACKGROUND: Obesity is a complex and multifactorial disease characterized by abnormal or excessive accumulation of body fat, which causes damage to the health of individuals. In this context, preventing and treating this disease and its metabolic complications is fundamental and the first option for its management is the change in lifestyle composed by the practice of physical activity and diet. Some specific foods may promote benefits against obesity, such as the chia source of α-linolenic acid, which has a hepatoprotective and cardioprotective effect. However, are not known by our group studies that associate chia oil supplementation with physical exercise. AIM: To evaluate the effects of chia oil supplementation applied alone and associated with aerobic training, on body composition, lipid profile, liver fat accumulation, function and cardiac structure of rats fed a high fat diet. METHODS: The research was conducted with male Wistar rats, divided into four groups: Normocaloric Control (CN) - fed commercial diet for 14 weeks; Obesogenic control (CO) - fed a hyperlipidic obesogenic diet; Dietary supplementation with chia oil (OOChia) and Obesogenic diet supplemented with chia oil and aerobic training (OTOChia). Obesogenic groups were fed a cafeteria diet and weight gain was monitored once a week and dietary intake every two days. The protocol lasted 14 weeks and the interventions started after week 6, totaling 8 weeks of intervention. The chia oil was supplemented by daily gavage (1mL) and the aerobic training was through swimming lasting 30 minutes and frequency of 3 times a week. Five days before euthanasia, the echocardiography was performed for functional assessment of the heart. At the end of 14 weeks the animals had their blood collected fasting and after exsanguination, the liver, heart and epididymal (TAE), mesenteric (TAM) and retroperitoneal adipose tissues (TAR) were removed for fat content analysis in the liver, cardiac structure and body composition. Lipids in livers were measured by Bligh & Dyer, aliquots of liver tissue were fixed in buffered formalin and sent for histological analysis, lipid profile was analyzed by colorimetric method, heart histological slides were made, hematoxylin/eosin stained for measurement of cardiomyocyte cross-sectional areas and fractal dimension analysis. Comparisons between groups were performed by analysis of variance ANOVA - One Way with Tukey post-test for normal data or Kruskal-Wallis with Dunn post-test for non-normal data. The adopted significance level was 5%. RESULTS: Statistical results show that chia oil, when administered for 8 weeks in isolation, induced lower gain in TAE, decreased triglycerides and total cholesterol, and increased HDL cholesterol. Even smaller area of cardiomyocytes and smaller values of fractal dimension were observed for the OOChia group. The association of chia oil with TA led to lower cumulative weight gain, lower increase in TAE, TAM and TAR, as well as decreased triglycerides and increased HDL cholesterol. In addition, it also presented smaller fractal dimension values. CONCLUSION: The consumption of chia oil alone or associated with AT for 8 weeks has positive effects on lipid profile, adipose tissue, liver fat accumulation and cardiac structure in rats fed a high fat diet
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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