1,721,234 research outputs found
Community Strikes and Monetization; How Content Creators deal with challenges on YouTube
No full textAlthough the Platform Economy has been the subject of significant research efforts, much work remains to be done regarding content creation-based online platforms and the negative impact they can have on creators that make a living off them. This explorative study therefore shines a light on the challenges that creators face on YouTube and how they overcome them. Through semi-structured interviews of eight different YouTube channels generated data that was then subjected to a two-stage coding method, initially employing open coding which was followed up with selective coding. The obtained results show that the most significant hurdles are created by the platform itself via strict guidelines and policies as well as non-transparent processes, followed by monetization issues and a lack of competition. The creators use technical workarounds on the platform as well as self-organization through self-censorship and personal operationalization to deal with said issues while not relying on YouTube alone for their income. Instead, they use a multi-platform approach, harnessing revenue streams on Twitch or Patreon as well as sponsorships in addition to advertisement revenue from YouTube. Due to the lack of regulation, these platforms regulate themselves through automated algorithms, creating an environment in which professional creators are in constant conflict with the platform. By calling Content Creators entrepreneurs, implications for the platforms can be made. They are no longer simply digital places where people interact but have become marketplaces that emulate entire industries or became something new altogether. As a result, future efforts should focus on further refining the definition for individual platforms to promote clarity and support regulatory efforts. In addition, this study should be replicated for other platforms such as Twitch or Patreon, as Content Creators may face similar issues
Stella. Eine True-Crime-Geschichte
No full textTrue-Crime-Podcasts haben heutzutage eine große Popularität erlangt. Es geht um wahre Verbrechen, oft direkt aus der Nachbarschaft. In diesem True-Crime-Podcast von Michael Lehmann erzählt Stella ihre Geschichte. Die Story ist schwer anzuhören und zu begreifen, und dennoch wichtig zu teilen. Denn Stella ist kein Einzelfall und will dafür auch sensibilisieren.
Triggerwarnung: Es werden sensible Inhalte zum Thema sexuellen Missbrauch und sexualisierter und seelischer Gewalt angesprochen
Data as Tradeable Commodity and New Measures for Their Protection
No full textInformation, particularly important, significant and relevant information, as illustrated by current ‘big data’ or ‘Wikileaks’ and ‘Prism‘or more particularly ‘Tempora’, is today‘s ‘digital gold‘. From an economic perspective it is therefore relevant to know whether and what kind of data content can be protected. The key question to be answered is therefore whether data can be recognised in law as ‘protectable rights’. In the digital world, data are in fact an important ‘res intra commercium’, namely tradeable goods, the legal protection of which even today remains the subject of considerable debate.
More recently, the problem of deleting data in the internet and the ‘right to be forgotten’ has been discussed in connection with search engines and social networks, such as Facebook, Instagram or - most recently - Google. Such discussion now informs the background of impending EU regulations for the general protection of data
Il commercio elettronico nell’Unione europea e la nuova direttiva sui diritti dei consumatori
No full textLa direttiva 2011/83/UE sui diritti dei consumatori detta una speciale disciplina
per il commercio di contenuti digitali, con misure che impongono specifici
obblighi di informazione a carico del professionista e prevedono un particolare
regime per lo ius poenitendi del consumatore. Benché la direttiva lasci agli Stati
membri il compito di adottare sanzioni «efficaci, proporzionate e dissuasive» per
il caso di violazione delle norme nazionali di recepimento della direttiva, essa ha
tuttavia dettato alcune specifiche misure nei confronti del professionista che non
adempia correttamente ad alcuni obblighi informativi precontrattuali. In particolare,
nell’ottica di prevedere un efficace deterrente contro gli Internet cost traps
nel commercio elettronico, la direttiva ha fatto propria la c.d. Button solution (misura
che il legislatore tedesco ha – per primo in Europa – già provveduto a recepire);
proprio a tale proposito si pongono delicati problemi di coordinamento
con la disciplina delle forniture non richieste e delle pratiche commerciali scorrette
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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