1,720,989 research outputs found
Zeaxanthin
No full textBOOk TITLE: Handbook of Food Bioactive Ingredients -- Chapter name: Zeaxanthin: Sources, Properties and Benefits, LEE CHI-CHING, DEMİRCİ MEHMET, Yayın Yeri: Springer Nature, Editör:Jafari Seid Mahdi , Rashidinejad Ali, Simal-Gandara Jesus, Basım sayısı:1, Sayfa sayısı:628, ISBN:978-3-031-28109-9, Bölüm Sayfaları:653 -686Zeaxanthin is one carotenoid molecule commonly found in a variety of fruits and vegetables, such as yellow corn, saffron, orange juice, honeydew, goji berry, paprika, spinach, kale, romaine lettuce, zucchini, and brussels sprout. It is the pigment that provides red, yellow, and orange colors to many plants and even can be found in animal products like chicken egg yolk. It also belongs to the fat-soluble xanthophyll family which is the oxygenated derivatives of carotenes. The chemical structure of zeaxanthin is a symmetric polyene-like molecule containing nine alternating conjugated carbon double and single bonds. Zeaxanthin has two chiral centers but only three stereoisomeric forms because both stereoisomers, (3R, 3′S) – zeaxanthin and (3S, 3′R) – zeaxanthin, are identical. These two stereoisomers are also called meso-zeaxanthin found in the macula of the central retina and lutein found in peripheral regions of the retina since the macula is where the zeaxanthin and lutein are stored. Zeaxanthin offers several human health benefits with potential antioxidant ability and anti-inflammatory properties. Many studies showed that zeaxanthin and other carotenoids can decrease the risk of eye diseases such as age-related macular degeneration, cataracts, and glaucoma. Zeaxanthin not only protects human eyes from absorbing harmful blue light but also gets involved in the eye development of fetuses and optimal vision during young adulthood. This chapter will discuss the sources and properties of zeaxanthin, the methods of extraction and isolation of zeaxanthin, human health benefits of zeaxanthin, and the other applications
Different types of fryers for the food industry
No full textLEE CHI-CHING, NEİO DEMİRCİ MARIN, High-Temperature Processing of Food Products, a volume in the Unit Operations and Processing Equipment in the Food Industry series, Different types of fryers for the food industry, ISBN:978-0-12-818618-3, S:293 326, Woodhead Publishing, 2023 Elsevier Inc., 2023Frying is an age-old processing technique, with a pan or a pot being its essential tool.
The amount of oil or fat used, level of heat, frying time, and even the style of stirring,
have set the foundation for many different frying methods. This in turn has given way
to developing different fryers, starting with pans of different shapes and sizes, and
continuing with a wide selection of electrical automated equipment. While some
fryers mimic existing practices, like deep fryers or automated stir fryers, others offer
alternative approaches, like air, vacuum, or pressure fryers. Thus, this chapter starts by
introducing traditional frying methods and their currently available fryer types and
will continue by focusing on alternative fryer options.
In addition to an overview of conventional and alternative fryer types, the chapter
will elaborate on them based on different production scales. Domestic kitchen fryers
are meant for light use and they should not take up much kitchen space; whereas, commercial
fryers are designed for more intense use in the foodservice sector for serving
customers and are thus bigger in size and more sturdy. Domestic and commercial frying
are commonly batch processes, meaning that a specific amount of food is fried at
once. For example, pan-frying is a batch process in which food is loaded into the pan,
fried, and removed from the pan when ready. Afterward, another batch of food could
be fried. In addition to commercial batch fryers, this chapter will explore their currently
available continuous versions as well, where food goes continuously in from
one end of the fryer and exits from the other end, fried. On the other hand, industrial
batch or continuous fryers are meant for large-scale production of fried products, not
for direct consumption, but to be packaged and distributed, which might end up as
finished products in retail stores or intermediate products in food services.
Compared to one another, fryers have their advantages and disadvantages, such as
price, size, frying speed, operating complexity, production capacity, end-product
taste, texture, and heath, which become decisive in the most suitable fryer selection
and oftentimes also drive fryer development and innovation. Thus, different fryer
advantages and disadvantages will be compared in more detail under fryer selection,
followed by insights into fryer development in food industries and current fryer
innovation
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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