1,721,058 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Multi-parametric Magnetic Resonance Imaging : methods and tools for clinical practice
No full textL’Imagerie par Résonance Magnétique (IRM) est une application majeure de la physique quantique accessible à l’échelle macroscopique. Elle permet, dans le cadre de son utilisation en santé, d’imager les organes internes d’un patient en fournissant des contrastes paramétrables en fonction de la localisation et/ou de la pathologie étudiée. Il est possible de passer de ces images résolues et contrastées à une imagerie quantitative, et donc à une caractérisation tissulaire précise. Dans la pratique clinique néanmoins, l’IRM quantitative, n’est que marginalement utilisée. Cela vient principalement du fait que ces méthodes de caractérisation tissulaire prennent un temps précieux à la fois lors de l’acquisition, mais également pour le post-traitement nécessaire à l’extraction des paramètres quantitatifs. Néanmoins, l’information plus riche et synthétique extraite fera, à terme, gagner un temps précieux au praticien. L’objectif de ces travaux de thèse est donc de proposer une mise en oeuvre de méthodes de quantification qui ne nécessitent pas le recours à des agents de contrastes dont l’utilisation peut être contre-indiquée. Ces méthodes comprennent notamment la quantification des temps de relaxation caractéristiques des tissus, de leurs différentes composantes comme la fraction de graisse, mais également de leurs paramètres de diffusion et de perfusion. Les méthodes de quantification proposées dans ce travail de thèse seront confrontées aux contraintes cliniques et des outils permettant une extraction plus simple et rapide des biomarqueurs quantifiés sont proposés. Ces méthodes sont illustrées ici dans des localisations anatomiques de la plus à la moins contraignante, allant de l’imagerie thoracique à celle du poignet en passant par le rachis lombaire.Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) is a core application of quantum physics available at the macroscopic scale. This modality, in its field of medical application, is used to image the internal organs of a patient by acquiring different customizable contrasts depending on the localization and/or the pathology of interest. From these spatially resolved and contrasted images, it is possible to access quantitative imaging and therefore precise tissue characterization. In clinical routine, however, quantitative MRI is hardly used. This fact is mainly due to the time required for, on the one hand, longer data acquisition and, on the other hand, the post-processing necessary to extract the quantitative parameters of these acquisitions. However, the additional, complete and synthetic information from quantitative MRI could ultimately save physicians time. The aim of this PhD work was to propose an implementation of quantification methods that do not require the use of contrast agents, their use being sometimes contraindicated. The methods presented allow the quantification of the relaxation times of tissues, as well as their other characteristics such as the proton density fat fraction, their diffusion and perfusion parameters. The quantification methods proposed in this thesis took into account the clinical constraints and tools allowing a simpler and faster extraction of quantified biomarkers were developed. These methods have been applied in anatomical locations ranging from the most to the least demanding, namely in thoracic, lumbar and wrist imaging
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Value of CT attenuation value of the bronchial wall in assessing inflammation and remodelling of the airways
No full textL’inflammation et le remodelage des voies aériennes sont des processus pathologiques de signification pronostique différente qui caractérisent la plupart des maladies obstructives bronchiques, asthme et bronchopneumopathie chronique obstructive (BPCO) notamment. L’examen histologique de l’inflammation et du remodelage requiert un geste biopsique invasif qui est rarement réalisé en routine. Le développement de méthodes d’évaluation non invasives autoriserait un phénotypage plus précis des patients et le développement de thérapeutiques ciblées. Les progrès de la tomodensitométrie (TDM) ont favorisé l’essor d’une imagerie quantitative permettant des mesures morphométriques des lumières et parois bronchiques. Ces paramètres morphométriques sont corrélés aux indices fonctionnels d’obstruction mais leur manque de standardisation limite leur utilisation en routine. Nous avons étudié chez l’homme et le petit animal des paramètres TDM basés non pas sur la morphométrie mais sur la densitométrie de la paroi bronchique. Nos résultats dans l’asthme et la BPCO indiquent que l’atténuation pariétale bronchique possède une valeur diagnostique au moins équivalente à celle des paramètres morphométriques, est mieux corrélée aux indices d’obstruction fonctionnelle, et pourrait être un marqueur du remodelage dans l’asthme. Chez la souris asthmatique, les paramètres d’atténuation péribronchique extraits d’image de micro-TDM sont aussi corrélés au remodelage histologique. Le concept d’atténuation pariétale bronchique est donc prometteur pour l’étude non invasive du remodelage même si des étapes supplémentaires de validation sont nécessaires pour s’assurer de la reproductibilité des méthodes.Asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are frequent conditions characterized by two main pathological changes: bronchial inflammation and remodelling. Pathological examination requires invasive biopsy, which is rarely performed in routine. Therefore there is a great interest in developing non-invasive methods that would lead to more precise phenotyping of patients and the development of new targeted treatments. Computed tomography (CT) can provide a quantitative morphometry-based analysis of the airways. These morphometric parameters have been shown to correlate with functional obstruction but are poorly used in routine practice due to their lack of standardisation. The aim of our studies was to investigate the value of CT attenuation-based parameters in humans and animals. In asthma and COPD, we have shown that the wall attenuation value had diagnostic performances comparable to those of morphometric parameters, correlated better with functional obstructive indexes, and could be a marker of remodelling in asthma. In asthmatic mice, peribronchial attenuation values extracted from respiratory-gated micro-CT images correlate with remodeling. Therefore, the concept of bronchial wall attenuation seems to be promising for assessing non-invasively airways remodeling. Further studies are required to ensure the full reproducibility of these methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Value of CT attenuation value of the bronchial wall in assessing inflammation and remodelling of the airways
No full textL’inflammation et le remodelage des voies aériennes sont des processus pathologiques de signification pronostique différente qui caractérisent la plupart des maladies obstructives bronchiques, asthme et bronchopneumopathie chronique obstructive (BPCO) notamment. L’examen histologique de l’inflammation et du remodelage requiert un geste biopsique invasif qui est rarement réalisé en routine. Le développement de méthodes d’évaluation non invasives autoriserait un phénotypage plus précis des patients et le développement de thérapeutiques ciblées. Les progrès de la tomodensitométrie (TDM) ont favorisé l’essor d’une imagerie quantitative permettant des mesures morphométriques des lumières et parois bronchiques. Ces paramètres morphométriques sont corrélés aux indices fonctionnels d’obstruction mais leur manque de standardisation limite leur utilisation en routine. Nous avons étudié chez l’homme et le petit animal des paramètres TDM basés non pas sur la morphométrie mais sur la densitométrie de la paroi bronchique. Nos résultats dans l’asthme et la BPCO indiquent que l’atténuation pariétale bronchique possède une valeur diagnostique au moins équivalente à celle des paramètres morphométriques, est mieux corrélée aux indices d’obstruction fonctionnelle, et pourrait être un marqueur du remodelage dans l’asthme. Chez la souris asthmatique, les paramètres d’atténuation péribronchique extraits d’image de micro-TDM sont aussi corrélés au remodelage histologique. Le concept d’atténuation pariétale bronchique est donc prometteur pour l’étude non invasive du remodelage même si des étapes supplémentaires de validation sont nécessaires pour s’assurer de la reproductibilité des méthodes.Asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are frequent conditions characterized by two main pathological changes: bronchial inflammation and remodelling. Pathological examination requires invasive biopsy, which is rarely performed in routine. Therefore there is a great interest in developing non-invasive methods that would lead to more precise phenotyping of patients and the development of new targeted treatments. Computed tomography (CT) can provide a quantitative morphometry-based analysis of the airways. These morphometric parameters have been shown to correlate with functional obstruction but are poorly used in routine practice due to their lack of standardisation. The aim of our studies was to investigate the value of CT attenuation-based parameters in humans and animals. In asthma and COPD, we have shown that the wall attenuation value had diagnostic performances comparable to those of morphometric parameters, correlated better with functional obstructive indexes, and could be a marker of remodelling in asthma. In asthmatic mice, peribronchial attenuation values extracted from respiratory-gated micro-CT images correlate with remodeling. Therefore, the concept of bronchial wall attenuation seems to be promising for assessing non-invasively airways remodeling. Further studies are required to ensure the full reproducibility of these methods
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