3,431 research outputs found
Correction: Strokova et al. Interaction Mechanisms in «Portland Cement—Functional Polymer Mineral Additives» Binder Produced by Different Methods. Materials 2025, 18, 3178
No full textMikhail Lebedev was not included as an author in the original publication [...
Interfacing to the brain’s motor decisions
No full textInterfacing to the brain’s motor decisions. J
Neurophysiol 117: 1305–1319, 2017. First published December 21, 2016; doi:
10.1152/jn.00051.2016.—It has been long known that neural activity, recorded
with electrophysiological methods, contains rich information about a subject’s
motor intentions, sensory experiences, allocation of attention, action planning, and
even abstract thoughts. All these functions have been the subject of neurophysiological
investigations, with the goal of understanding how neuronal activity
represents behavioral parameters, sensory inputs, and cognitive functions. The field
of brain-machine interfaces (BMIs) strives for a somewhat different goal: it
endeavors to extract information from neural modulations to create a communication
link between the brain and external devices. Although many remarkable
successes have been already achieved in the BMI field, questions remain regarding
the possibility of decoding high-order neural representations, such as decision
making. Could BMIs be employed to decode the neural representations of decisions
underlying goal-directed actions? In this review we lay out a framework that
describes the computations underlying goal-directed actions as a multistep process
performed by multiple cortical and subcortical areas. We then discuss how BMIs
could connect to different decision-making steps and decode the neural processing
ongoing before movements are initiated. Such decision-making BMIs could operate
as a system with prediction that offers many advantages, such as shorter reaction
time, better error processing, and improved unsupervised learning. To present the
current state of the art, we review several recent BMIs incorporating decisionmaking
components
An unwilling officer: the engineer Mikhail Vasilyevich Lebedev in the era of social cataclysms
No full textIn this article, through the prism of the anthropological approach and the theory
of social adaptation, the biography of the representative of the Russian technical
intelligentsia Mikhail Vasilyevich Lebedev is analyzed. He was given an alternate
service in the Russian (imperial) army, the People’s Army of the Committee of the
Members of the Legislative Assembly, the White Siberian Army, the Red Army, and
Soviet institutions. The study was based on a set of unpublished sources from the
funds of the Museum of Urban Life, the Historical Archive of the Omsk Region, and
the archive of the FSB of Russia in the Omsk Region. The author concludes that,
despite belonging to the category of «former people» and repression, the hero of
the story has successfully adapted to the conditions of the Soviet society
Hyperauthorship in Mikhail Bakhtin: The Primary Author and Conceptual Personae
No full textThis article explores the phemenon of hyperauthorship in intellectual writing: a primary author (hyperauthor) creates a number of secondary authors (hypoauthors), and develops possible conceptual systems on their behalf. The case under consideration is Mikhail Bakhtin and his complex relationship with his friends Pavel Medvedev and Valentin Voloshinov, members of the so called "Bakhtin's circle" (in the 1920s) who are credited with authorship of several books which may have been actually written by Bakhtin himself. Still unclear from biographical and historical perspectives, this problem of authentic attribution of Medvedev's and Voloshinov's texts can be clarified in the theoretical framework of "hyperauthorship" and "possibilistic thinking." This article applies Bakhtin's own theory of the "primary author immersed in silence," as well as Deleuze and Guattari's notion of "conceptual personae," to explain this case of "shared," or "transferred" authorship. The figures of Voloshinov and Medvedev, though historically real, may be viewed as Bakhtin's projections of "ideal," or "utopian" Marxism in linguistics and literary theory
Somatosensory cortical neuronal population activity across states of anaesthesia
No full textExperiments were carried out to learn about changes in sensory cortical processing associated with different levels of anaesthesia. Traditionally this question has been addressed by studying single neurons. Because state changes are likely to influence the relationships between neurons, the present experiments were undertaken to investigate the spatial and temporal firing patterns distributed across cortex. Using 5 × 5 or 10 × 10 microelectrode arrays, spontaneous and stimulus-evoked activity of multineuron clusters was recorded from rat somatosensory 'barrel' cortex (the whisker representation) during a light surgical stage of urethane anaesthesia, and after two supplemental doses of urethane which led to intermediate and deep levels of anaesthesia. At all depths of anaesthesia, spontaneously occurring action potentials at a single electrode tended to be clustered into 'bursts.' With increasing anaesthetic depth, bursts became more prominent and rhythmic, and increasingly synchronized between cortical barrel-columns. Burst frequency decreased and fewer spikes occurred outside bursts, leading to a decrease in the overall spontaneous firing rate. The cortical territory engaged by individual whiskers contracted with increasing depth of anaesthesia, leading to the spatial segregation of whisker representations. At all stages of anaesthesia, whisker stimulation produced the maximal cortical response when delivered close to burst onset. These observations show that ongoing spontaneous activity modulates sensory response properties and makes peripheral tactile information accessible to a cortical territory whose size is determined by the phase of burst cycle. The possible significance of the cyclic cortical responsiveness encountered during urethane anaesthesia to cortical processing in awake rats is considered
COVID-19 Dynamics: A Heterogeneous Model
No full textThe mathematical model reported here describes the dynamics of the ongoing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) epidemic, which is different in many aspects from the previous severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) epidemic. We developed this model when the COVID-19 epidemic was at its early phase. We reasoned that, with our model, the effects of different measures could be assessed for infection control. Unlike the homogeneous models, our model accounts for human population heterogeneity, where subpopulations (e.g., age groups) have different infection risks. The heterogeneous model estimates several characteristics of the epidemic more accurately compared to the homogeneous models. According to our analysis, the total number of infections and their peak number are lower compared to the assessment with the homogeneous models. Furthermore, the early-stage infection increase is little changed when population heterogeneity is considered, whereas the late-stage infection decrease slows. The model predicts that the anti-epidemic measures, like the ones undertaken in China and the rest of the world, decrease the basic reproductive number but do not result in the development of a sufficient collective immunity, which poses a risk of a second wave. More recent developments confirmed our conclusion that the epidemic has a high likelihood to restart after the quarantine measures are lifted. © Copyright © 2021 Gerasimov, Lebedev, Lebedev and Semenycheva
What are the implications of Curriculum Learning strategy on IRL methods?: Investigating Inverse Reinforcement Learning from Human Behavior
No full textInverse Reinforcement Learning (IRL) is a subfield of Reinforcement Learning (RL) that focuses on recovering the reward function using expert demonstrations. In the field of IRL, Adversarial IRL (AIRL) is a promising algorithm that is postulated to recover non-linear rewards in environments with unknown dynamics. This study investigates the potential benefits of applying the Curriculum Learning (CL) strategy to the AIRL algorithm. For our experiments, we use a randomized partially observable Markov decision process in the form of a grid-world-like environment. Using only expert demonstrations obtained with an RL algorithm under the true reward function, we train AIRL in a variety of configurations and identify an effective curriculum. Our results show, that a well-constructed curriculum can enhance the performance of AIRL twofold in both key aspects: the speed of convergence and the efficiency of using expert demonstrations. We thus conclude that CL can be a useful addition to an AIRL-based solution. Full code is available online in the supplementary material https://github.com/mikhail-vlasenko/curriculum-learning-IRL.CSE3000 Research ProjectComputer Science and Engineerin
Experience-dependent plasticity of rat barrel cortex: Redistribution of activity across barrel-columns
No full textThe redistribution of neuronal activity across rat barrel cortex following an alteration in whisker usage has been investigated. In adult rats, two mystacial vibrissae - D2 and one neighbor, D1 or D3 were left intact while all other vibrissae on that side of the snout were clipped. Neurons in contralateral barrel cortex were sampled with a microelectrode array 3.5 days later. Stimulation of clipped vibrissae produced a narrow spatial distribution of cortical activity, whereas stimulation of intact vibrissae produced a widened spatial distribution. Simultaneous recordings from multiple cortical barrel-columns suggest that changes in the effective connectivity between barrel-columns may partially account for this redistribution of sensory responses. Evidence is also presented for a second mechanism, a release from inhibition in sensory-deprived cortical areas. A model is therefore proposed where these two mechanisms operate together to regulate the cortical distribution of evoked activity
The importance of marketing in the music industry
No full textAuthor: Ekimov Mikhail
Title of the Publication: The importance of marketing in the music industry
Degree Title: Bachelor of International Business
Keywords: Marketing, music industry, metal music, Behemoth
This thesis is a study, analysis, and development of marketing campaigns for aspiring musicians
The thesis will begin with a theory that includes the basic concepts, features, and concepts of marketing in the music industry. Next, the stages of the marketing campaigns of the successful band Behemoth will be reviewed and analyzed. Based on this analysis, it will be possible to under-stand exactly what actions made the band Behemoth successful. Next, a marketing strategy will be created for a budding and not very popular band, The Nomad. For this purpose, the musician of this band will be interviewed, on the basis of which the main marketing problems of the band and the direction of new strategies will be revealed. At the end of the work the main marketing cam-paigns for the development of the marketing strategy of the band at this stage will be made and their effectiveness will be evaluated.
The main goal: to develop marketing strategies for aspiring music groups in the music industry.
The main tasks: Learn the concepts, principles, and functions of marketing in the music industry and how to use them to create own marketing strategies
Muriel Spark as auto-biographer in <i>Curriculum</i> <i>Vitae</i>
No full textExamining Muriel Spark's main aims as an auto-biographer in her work Curriculum Vitae brings important resources in the exploration of the genre of autobiographical writing. This with the theoretical engagement, allows consideration of the critical issues surrounding the roles of author and reader in the construction of the literary self. Spark demands the reader participate in the constructon of textual meaning; overturning the conventions of autobiography, satirising its claims to omniscience and highlighting the impossibility of an authentic voice with regard to the self
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