1,721,314 research outputs found
An improved modified LEACH-C algorithm for energy efficient routing in Wireless Sensor Networks
Full text linkWireless Sensor Networks (WSN) is mainly characterized by its limited power supply. Hence the need for Energy efficient infrastructure is becoming increasingly more important since it impact in network lifetime. Here the focus of this paper on Hierarchy clustering because multi-hope short range communication between wireless sensor nodes is energy efficient compared to Single-hope long range communication. In Hierarchy clustering, there are many Protocols but this paper talk about the well-known Low-Energy Adaptive Clustering Hierarchy (LEACH)[1].Centralized Low-Energy Adaptive Clustering Hierarchy (LEACH-C) and Advanced Low-Energy Adaptive Clustering Hierarchy(ALEACH) are energy efficient clustering routing protocol and they are belonging to hierarchy routing. In this paper we proposed Modified LEACH-C to upgrade the execution of existing Leach-C in such sort of Topology where Leach-C not performs so well. By Applying Method of Distance calculation between CH (cluster-head) to Member node and BS (base-station) to Member node. Making non-overlapping cluster using assigning proper ID while creating clusters. This makes the routing protocol more energy effective and delays life-time of a wireless sensor network. Simulation results demonstrate that Modified LEACH-C enhances network life-time contrasted with LEACH-C algorithm
Analisis Performansi Algoritma LEACH-C pada Wireless Sensor Network
Full text linkWireless Sensor Network (WSN) is a wireless network infrastructure that requires sensor nodes to process information and communicate. Small sensor nodes generally use batteries as their energy source, causing sensor nodes to have limited power, therefore energy efficiency is needed to extend network life. The solution to overcome these problems is by using the clustering method. In this study the cluster-based routing algorithm used is LEACH-C which can function to allocate overall energy consumption between sensor nodes. In this study, LEACH-C divides the network into several clusters, each of which has a cluster head (CH). cluster head is performed at the base station based on the average energy size of all nodes. The research simulation uses a scenario of changing nodes 50, 100, and 150. The simulation results show that the number of nodes affects the value of energy consumption, the number of data packets received, and the number of packet losses
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Analisis Kinerja Protokol Routing LEACH-C pada Wireless Sensor Network dengan menggunakan NS2
Full text linkWireless Sensor Network (WSN) merupakan jaringan nirkabel yang terdiri dari banyak node berukuran kecil yang mempunyai kemampuan sensing, komputasi dan komunikasi nirkabel. WSN banyak digunakan untuk meneliti lingkungan yang sulit dijangkau oleh manusia. Permasalahan utama pada WSN adalah energi yang terbatas sehingga penghematan energi merupakan hal yang penting. Salah satu solusi untuk mengatasi permasalahan tersebut adalah penggunaan metode clustering. Metode clustering membagi semua node ke dalam beberapa kelompok. Dalam satu kelompok akan dipilih sebuah cluster head (CH) berfungsi untuk mengumpulkan data yang didapat dari node pada kelompoknya dan mengirimkan data tersebut ke Base Station (BS). Salah satu protokol routing yang dirancang menggunakan metode clustering adalah Low Energy Adaptive Clustering Hierarchy-centralized (LEACH-C). Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan simulasi untuk menganalisis kinerja dari LEACH-C menggunakan program simulator Network Simulator 2 (NS2). Skenario simulasi dilakukan dengan menguji cluster dinamis, cluster statis dan backupCH. Pada hasil simulasi didapatkan bahwa kinerja protokol routing LEACH-C dengan penentuan jumlah cluster dinamis lebih baik dibandingkan dengan jumlah cluster statis yang diukur menggunakan parameter packet delivery ratio, packet loss, total packet, lifetime jaringan, dan konsumsi energi. Selain itu, penggunaan sistem backupCH pada cluster dinamis dapat meningkatkan lifetime jaringan untuk protokol routing LEACH-C
A Mobile BS and Multi-Hop LEACH-C Extension for WSNs
Full text linkIt is critical for wireless sensor networks (WSNs) to have an uninterrupted power source. Increasing the lifetime of WSNs will require employing an energy preservation mechanism. In many WSN applications, sensors are used to detect events and collect environmental data, which are then delivered to a sink node or a base station node (BS) through a communication link. Sensors consume energy during wireless data communication, which is higher than the computational energy. This paper proposes an enhanced LEACH-C protocol that manages the network energy consumption and prolongs sensors lifetime. The proposed protocol is named Leach-C Multihop and Mobile (LEACH-CM). The proposed LEACH-CM protocol distributes the energy consumption between the network nodes and enables more data to be transmitted over a WSN. The proposed LEACH-CM protocol is simulated in the NS2 simulation, which is supported by the ?-AMPS project and is developed by MIT researchers. The simulation result shows that the proposed LEACH-CM protocol can decrease the energy consumption, and increase the amount of transmitted data compared to the LEACH-C protocol. Furthermore, the LEACH-CM protocol outperforms the LEACH-C protocol when comparing the dead time of the first node, which is a good indication of network stability
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
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