1,720,989 research outputs found
Non-standard variants of combinatorial optimization problems
No full textCette thèse est composée de deux parties, chacune portant sur un sous-domaine de l'optimisation combinatoire a priori distant de l'autre. Le premier thème de recherche abordé est la programmation biniveau stochastique. Se cachent derrière ce terme deux sujets de recherche relativement peu étudiés conjointement, à savoir d'un côté la programmation stochastique, et de l'autre la programmation biniveau. La programmation mathématique (PM) regroupe un ensemble de méthodes de modélisation et de résolution, pouvant être utilisées pour traiter des problèmes pratiques que se posent des décideurs. La programmation stochastique et la programmation biniveau sont deux sous-domaines de la PM, permettant chacun de modéliser un aspect particulier de ces problèmes pratiques. Nous élaborons un modèle mathématique issu d'un problème appliqué, où les aspects biniveau et stochastique sont tous deux sollicités, puis procédons à une série de transformations du modèle. Une méthode de résolution est proposée pour le PM résultant. Nous démontrons alors théoriquement et vérifions expérimentalement la convergence de cette méthode. Cet algorithme peut être utilisé pour résoudre d'autres programmes biniveaux que celui qui est proposé.Le second thème de recherche de cette thèse s'intitule "problèmes de coupe et de couverture partielles dans les graphes". Les problèmes de coupe et de couverture sont parmi les problèmes de graphe les plus étudiés du point de vue complexité et algorithmique. Nous considérons certains de ces problèmes dans une variante partielle, c'est-à-dire que la propriété de coupe ou de couverture dont il est question doit être vérifiée partiellement, selon un paramètre donné, et non plus complètement comme c'est le cas pour les problèmes originels. Précisément, les problèmes étudiés sont le problème de multicoupe partielle, de coupe multiterminale partielle, et de l'ensemble dominant partiel. Les versions sommets des ces problèmes sont également considérés. Notons que les problèmes en variante partielle généralisent les problèmes non partiels. Nous donnons des algorithmes exacts lorsque cela est possible, prouvons la NP-difficulté de certaines variantes, et fournissons des algorithmes approchés dans des cas assez généraux.This thesis is composed of two parts, each part belonging to a sub-domain of combinatorial optimization a priori distant from the other. The first research subject is stochastic bilevel programming. This term regroups two research subject rarely studied together, namely stochastic programming on the one hand, and bilevel programming on the other hand. Mathematical Programming (MP) is a set of modelisation and resolution methods, that can be used to tackle practical problems and help take decisions. Stochastic programming and bilevel programming are two sub-domains of MP, each one of them being able to model a specific aspect of these practical problems. Starting from a practical problem, we design a mathematical model where the bilevel and stochastic aspects are used together, then apply a series of transformations to this model. A resolution method is proposed for the resulting MP. We then theoretically prove and numerically verify that this method converges. This algorithm can be used to solve other bilevel programs than the ones we study.The second research subject in this thesis is called "partial cut and cover problems in graphs". Cut and cover problems are among the most studied from the complexity and algorithmical point of view. We consider some of these problems in a partial variant, which means that the cut or cover property that is looked into must be verified partially, according to a given parameter, and not completely, as it was the case with the original problems. More precisely, the problems that we study are the partial multicut, the partial multiterminal cut, and the partial dominating set. Versions of these problems were vertices ar
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
New valid inequalities in branch-and-cut-and-price for Multi-agent Path Finding
Full text linkBCP, a state-of-the-art algorithm for optimal Multi-agent Path Finding, uses the branch-and-cut-and-price framework to decompose the problem into (1) a master problem that selects a set of collision-free low-cost paths, (2) a pricing problem that adds lower-cost paths to the master problem, (3) separation problems that resolve various kinds of conflicts in the master problem, and (4) branching rules that split the nodes in the high-level branch-and-bound search tree. This paper focuses on the separation aspects of the decomposition by introducing five new classes of fractional conflicts and valid inequalities that remove these conflicts to tighten the linear programming relaxation in the master problem. Experimental results on 12820 instances across 16 maps indicate that including the five families of inequalities allows BCP to solve an additional 585 instances, optimize the same instances 41% faster, and solve 2068 more instances than CBSH-RM and 157 more than Lazy CBS.</p
Complexity of the multicut problem, in its vanilla, partial and generalized versions, in graphs of bounded treewidth
No full textInternational audienc
Optimal Unlabeled Pebble Motion on Trees
No full textGiven a tree, a set of pebbles initially stationed at some nodes of the tree and a set of target nodes, the Unlabeled Pebble Motion on Trees problem (UPMT) asks to find a plan to move the pebbles one-at-a-time from the starting nodes to the target nodes along the edges of the tree while minimizing the number of moves. This paper proposes the first optimal algorithm for UPMT that is asymptotically as fast as possible, as it runs in a time linear in the size of the input (the tree) and the size of the output (the optimal plan)
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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