1,721,462 research outputs found
Trattato di diritto alimentare italiano ed europeo
No full textIl volume rappresenta il primo Trattato giuridico italiano interamente ed esclusivamente dedicato alla materia del diritto alimentare, approfondito in tutte le sue molteplici sfaccettatura, dalla food safety alla food security, dalla food quality alla tutela del consumatore, dalle norme sull'informazione al sistema sanzionatorio e dei controlli. È il frutto di un lavoro corale che ha coinvolto pressoché tutta la Comunità scientifica italiana del diritto agrario, con la collaborazione di qualche studioso appartenente ad altri settori scientifici
In vitro and in vivo antitumoral effects of polyphenols or combination of polyphenols in head and neck cancer and in malignant mesothelioma
No full textCarcinogenesis is a multistep process triggered by genetic alterations that activate different signal transduction pathways and cause the progressive transformation of a normal cell into a cancer cell. Polyphenols, such as Curcumin and Resveratrol, have the ability to modulate the activity of multiple targets involved in carcinogenesis and can be employed to inhibit the growth of cancer cells. The aim of this study was to demonstrate the in vitro and in vivo antitumoral effects of Curcumin, in the treatment of epithelial (head and neck cancer “HNC”) and mesenchimal (malignant mesothelioma “MM”) tumors, used as single compound or in combination with Resveratrol. In the 1° report we provide evidence that the combination of Resveratrol (RES) and Curcumin (CUR) enhanced CUR in vitro and in vivo antitumor activities on HNC cell lines compared to the single compound; RES potentiates the apoptotic effect and reduced the IC50 of CUR on HNC cell lines. The model of compounds interaction indicated the onset of an additive effect of the two compounds compared to the single treatment after decrease of their concentrations. RES+CUR compared to CUR increased the PARP-1 cleavage, the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio, the inhibition of ERK1 and ERK2 phosphorylation, and the expression of LC3 II simultaneously with the formation of autophagic vacuoles. RES and CUR induced cytoplasmic NF-kB accumulation. Moreover, RES+CUR in vivo administrations were safe in BALB/c mice and reduced the growth of transplanted salivary gland cancer cells (SALTO) more efficiently than CUR. In the 2° report we demonstrate the in vitro antitumoral activities of CUR on MM cell lines; CUR in vitro inhibited MM cells survival in a dose- and time-dependent manner, increased reactive oxygen species intracellular production and induced DNA damage. CUR triggered autophagic flux, but the process was then blocked and was coincident with caspase 8 activation which activates apoptosis. Moreover, CUR treatment stimulated the phosphorylation of ERK1/2 and p38 MAPK, inhibited that of p54 JNK and AKT and prevented NF-κB nuclear translocation. These findings may have important implications for the design of HNC and MM treatment using CUR as single compound or in combination with Resveratrol
Is screening liver transplantation candidates for hepatopulmonary syndrome cost-effective? Commentary
No full textNo abstract availabl
Short bowel syndrome in children and adults. From rehabilitation to transplantation
No full textIntroduction: Short bowel syndrome (SBS) is a dramatic clinical condition in both children and adults; the residual bowel length is not sufficient to avoid intestinal failure, with subsequent malnutrition and growth retardation, and intravenous support is required to provide the nutrients normally coming from the intestine. Apart from the primary disease, the medical status can be worsened by complications of intestinal failure: if there are irreversible, the prognosis is poor unless a successful intestinal rehabilitation is achieved. Areas covered: The rescue of the remnant small bowel requires a multidisciplinary expertise to achieve digestive autonomy. The use of intestinal trophic factors has shown encouraging results in improving the intestinal adaptation process. Whenever the residual bowel length is inadequate, in a well-selected population weaning parenteral nutrition (PN) off could be attempted by surgery through lengthening procedures. A further subset of patients, with total and irreversible intestinal failure and severe complications on PN, may have an indication to intestinal transplantation. This procedure is still affected by poor long-term results. Expert commentary: Novel approaches developed through a multidisciplinary team work, such as manipulation of microbiota or tissue bioengineering, should be added to current therapies to treat successfully SBS
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Letter to the Editor on “Gastrointestinal tract reconstruction in adults with ultra-short-bowel syndrome. Surgical and nutritional outcomes”
Full text linkCertificazioni etiche (lavoro, ambiente, religioni, benessere animale)
No full textAttraverso una prospettiva rivolta tanto alle certificazioni ufficiali regolamentate, quanto ai modelli facoltativi di certificazioni privata - per i quali l’Ue ha dettato una serie di orientamenti volti a indicare le migliori pratiche per l’attuazione di tali regimi - il contributo s'indirizza agli aspetti ecologici o ambientali delle pratiche agricole, al rispetto delle condizioni di lavoro in agricoltura, alla tutela del benessere animale nelle attività zootecniche e ai precetti religiosi inerenti alla preparazione e alla produzione degli alimenti. In relazione a siffatti aspetti, l'analisi rileva come la crescente attenzione che la società europea della conoscenza è andata maturando verso l’uso delle “certificazioni etiche” sia emblematica della rilevanza che, nel contesto agroalimentare, assumono i meccanismi regolativi diretti a garantire prodotti di qualità e scelte civiche consapevoli, per la costruzione di un legame di fiducia tra stakeholder e consumatori nei rapporti economici di scambio
Update on chronic rejection after intestinal transplant. An overview from experimental settings to clinical outcomes
Full text linkChronic rejection affects the long-term survival of solid-organ transplants, accounting for an incidence of between 5% and 10% after intestinal/multivisceral transplant. Because of unclear symptoms and signs and endoscopic findings, the diagnosis is often delayed. Presently, allograft removal represents the only available therapy due to the absence of effective pharmacologic approaches. Extensive research, through animal models, has been performed over the past 20 years to clarify the complex immune- and nonimmune-mediated mechanisms behind the development of chronic allograft enteropathy, with the aim of elucidating how to avert chronic rejection. The role of donor-specific antibodies and the way to challenge them in the clinic have gained acceptance among transplant centers as one of the main steps to prevent chronic rejection, although no common protocol exists that can be applied in a systematic fashion. The adjunct of a liver graft when retrans planting is needed in a sensitized recipient due to its protective effect against humoral immunity. Multicenter studies and clinical trials are required to better understand the pathogenesis of chronic rejection and to find the therapeutic answer to this clinical query
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