1,721,042 research outputs found
Young and Old Competing for Public Welfare Services
Get PDFGenerational conflict affects the supply of public welfare services, and the rising share of elderly is seen as a threat to educational spending. We offer an analysis of spending in child care, primary and lower secondary education, and care for the elderly related to the size of young and old voters. Using panel data from Denmark for the period 1989-1996, we find that the elderly are reducing spending in child care and education, but the young do not threaten elderly care. It is a disadvantage for both the elderly and the young to be part of a large cohort.public welfare services, group size, age composition of the population, generational conflict
Hvilke virkninger vil bruk av Stad skipstunnel ha for brønnbåter?
No full textStadhavet er et beryktet farvann med krevende bølgeforhold store deler av året. Dette har negative virkninger for blant annet fiskerinæringen som er flittig bruker av havområdet. Med en skipstunnel gjennom Stadhalvøya, vil skipsleia mellom Stavanger og Molde være relativt skjermet.
Ved bruk av tidligere samfunnsøkonomiske analyser og trafikkdata hentet fra Kystverket, studerer vi den fremtidige effekten brønnbåter vil få av Stad skipstunnel. Brønnbåter er spesialfartøy som transporterer hovedsakelig levende laks og ørret over lengre avstander. Vi konsentrer oss hovedsakelig om besparelser i vente- og reisetid, drivstofforbruk og CO2-utslipp.
I analysedelen fant vi spesifikke tall på de overnevnte faktorene. Vi skildrer også effektene på klimakvoter, fiskekvaliteten og slitasje på fartøyene. Virkningene av Stad skipstunnel er, ikke overraskende, ensidig positive. Vi kommer frem til besparte kostnader i antall kroner, som vi diskonterer for å kunne si noe om de positive virkningene i fremtiden.Stadhavet is a notorious sea area with demanding wave conditions most of the year. This has negative effects for, among others, the fishing industry, which is a diligent user of the sea area. With a ship tunnel through Stadhalvøya, the shipping lane between Stavanger and Molde will be relatively sheltered.
Using previous economic analyzes and traffic data obtained from the Norwegian Coastal Administration, we study the future effect well boats will get of the Stad ship tunnel. Well boats are special vessels that transport mainly live salmon and trout over long distances. We mainly focus on savings in waiting- and traveling time, fuel consumption and CO2 emissions.
In the analysis section, we find specific numbers on the factors mentioned above. We also describe the effects on climate quotas, fish quality and damage on the vessels. The effects of the Stad ship tunnel are, not surprisingly, just positive. We find saved costs in NOK´s, which we calculate to present value in order to describe the positive effects in the future
Hvilke virkninger vil bruk av Stad skipstunnel ha for brønnbåter?
No full textStadhavet er et beryktet farvann med krevende bølgeforhold store deler av året. Dette har negative virkninger for blant annet fiskerinæringen som er flittig bruker av havområdet. Med en skipstunnel gjennom Stadhalvøya, vil skipsleia mellom Stavanger og Molde være relativt skjermet.
Ved bruk av tidligere samfunnsøkonomiske analyser og trafikkdata hentet fra Kystverket, studerer vi den fremtidige effekten brønnbåter vil få av Stad skipstunnel. Brønnbåter er spesialfartøy som transporterer hovedsakelig levende laks og ørret over lengre avstander. Vi konsentrer oss hovedsakelig om besparelser i vente- og reisetid, drivstofforbruk og CO2-utslipp.
I analysedelen fant vi spesifikke tall på de overnevnte faktorene. Vi skildrer også effektene på klimakvoter, fiskekvaliteten og slitasje på fartøyene. Virkningene av Stad skipstunnel er, ikke overraskende, ensidig positive. Vi kommer frem til besparte kostnader i antall kroner, som vi diskonterer for å kunne si noe om de positive virkningene i fremtiden
Efficiency Potential and Efficiency Variation in Norwegian Lower Secondary Schools
Get PDFThe paper performs an efficiency analysis of the lower secondary school sector in Norway. The efficiency potential is calculated to 14 percent based on a DEA analysis with grades in core subjects (adjusted for student characteristics and family background) as outputs. The analysis of the determinants of efficiency indicates that a high level of municipal revenue, a high degree of party fragmentation, and a high share of socialists in the local council are associated with low educational efficiency. The negative effects of the share of socialists and party fragmentation seem to reflect both higher resource use and lower student performance.educational efficiency, DEA analysis, determinants of efficiency, political and budgetary institutions
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Centralized or decentralized financing of local governments? Consequences for efficiency and inequality of service provision
Get PDFCompared with most countries the Norwegian system of financing local governments is highly centralized. Grants make up a substantial part of revenues and local taxes are highly regulated by the center. The development of the system was motivated by a desire to equalize service provision throughout the country. The purpose of this paper is to analyze possible consequences of more decentralized financing with local tax discretion. Contrary to the conventional wisdom the analysis indicates that decentralized financing is likely to give more equal provision of local public services. In addition, substantial efficiency gains can be obtained.Centralized financing; Decentralized financing; Tax discretion; Efficiency gains; Equalization
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