1,082 research outputs found
Hard X-ray Detection Using a Single 100 nm Diameter Nanowire
No full textSubmicron sized sensors could allow higher resolution in X-ray imaging and diffraction measurements, which are ubiquitous for materials science and medicine. We present electrical measurements of a single 100 nm diameter InP nanowire transistor exposed to hard X-rays. The X-ray induced conductance is over 5 orders of magnitude larger than expected from reported data for X-ray absorption and carrier lifetimes. Time-resolved measurements show very long characteristic lifetimes on the order of seconds, tentatively attributed to long-lived traps, which give a strong amplification effect. As a proof of concept, we use the nanowire to directly image an X-ray nanofocus with submicron resolution
Analysis of the 50 Most Cited Articles on Dabigatran: A Bibliometric Study
No full textObjective: Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common cardiac arrhythmia in adults. Anticoagulation significantly reduces stroke and related mortality in AF patients. This study conducted a bibliometric analysis of the top 50 most-cited articles in the literature on dabigatran, the first new-generation oral anticoagulant.
Methods: We searched the Web of Science for articles with dabigatran in the title. The top 50 most cited articles (T50) were selected. Characteristics of the articles (such as author, source, institution, country, scientific category, number of citations, citation density, and citations per article) were analyzed.
Results: T50 had a total of 33,301 citations. The average number of citations per article was 666. The United States of America (USA) was the most prolific country in T50, with 36 papers and 26,043 citations. Wallentin Lars from Uppsala University was the most prolific author, with 14 articles and 13,532 citations. Circulation was the most prolific journal, with 11 articles.
Conclusions: We analyzed the classic publications on dabigatran, the first new-generation oral anticoagulant. The most prolific country was the USA, author was Wallentin, and journal was Circulation. Researchers and clinicians can easily access influential publications by reviewing our study
Different perspectives on outcomes in patients with non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction when observed in clinical trials and in real life
No full textUndefined concepts of law of regulation (EC) No.261/2004 in the light of the ruling Wallentin-Hermann/Alitalia (in case C-549/07)
No full textIn den letzten Jahren hat sich die EU vor dem Hintergrund des Verbraucherschutzes intensiv der Ausarbeitung von Passagierrechten für alle Verkehrsträger verschrieben. Eine Vorreiterrolle nahm dabei die Fluggastrechte-Verordnung (EG) 261/2004 ein. Diese VO ist einer der umstrittensten Rechtsakte der Union und daher auch Gegenstand zahlreicher Gerichtsverfahren und Publikationen. Grund dafür ist neben der Neuheit vor allem die Unklarheit der in ihr verwendeten Begriffe. Die zentralsten Fragen, denen sich diese Arbeit auch annimmt, sind dabei die Definition des Entlastungsgrunds der „außergewöhnlichen Umstände“ bei Flugannullierungen und die Abgrenzung des Verspätungs- vom Annullierungstatbestand. Auf beide Fragen hat die EuGH-Entscheidung Wallentin-Hermann/Alitalia Einfluss und steht daher im Mittelpunkt der Arbeit. Es stellt sich aber auch die Frage nach der Vereinbarkeit der VO mit den bestehenden Übereinkommen des Völkerrechts, allen voran dem Montrealer Übereinkommen. Daher wurde auch ein Blick auf die Systematik der Fluggastrechte und ihre Geschichte geworfen. Dieser Blick ermöglicht es, die Begriffe der VO im richtigen Licht zu sehen. Diese Arbeit will daher vor dem Hintergrund eines bereits ausgearbeiteten neuen VO-Vorschlags auch nach Lösungen suchen, einen Konflikt mit dem Völkerrecht zu vermeiden. Vor allem aber zeigt sie die weit reichende Wirkung des Urteils Wallentin-Hermann/Alitalia auf, die sich aufgrund der ähnlichen Begrifflichkeit auch auf andere Verkehrsträger erstrecken kann und ein Zeichen gegen die gelebte Praxis setzt, Ausgleichszahlungen bei technischen Gebrechen zu negieren, indem sie diese in der Regel von den „außergewöhnlichen Umständen“ ausnimmt. Gerade die Praxis zeigt, dass die VO von den Fluglinien oft einfach ignoriert wird, womit die VO mit ihren Sanktionen meist zahnlos wirkt. Auch dagegen will diese Arbeit eine Lösung zu finden.In recent years, the EU has within the framework of consumer protection focused more closely on the development of passenger rights for all forms of transportation. In this context the Flight Delay Compensation Regulation(EC) No. 261/2004(the “Regulation”) plays a primary role. This Regulation is one of the most controversial acts of the Union and subject of numerous court proceedings and publications. This comes mainly due to the novelty and ambiguity of the legal terminology used. The core questions in this respect also being dealt within this thesis are the definition of the justification grounds for "extraordinary circumstances" in flight cancellations and the distinction of the legal grounds of “delay” from “cancellation” of flights. The decision of the ECJ in the case Wallentin-Hermann v Alitalia influences both legal grounds bringing it to the core focus of this publication. This work also touches upon the question of the compatibility of the Regulation with the existing conventions of international law, especially the Montreal Convention. The author unravels the systematics of air passenger rights and their history bringing the terminology in the Regulation in the right context. Against the background of a new proposal for a Regulation already being available, this thesis also aims to find solutions to avoid a conflict with public international law. Above all, the thesis shows the far-reaching effect of the Wallentin-Hermann v Alitalia judgment, which also has an impact on other regulatory regimes for transportation due to the similar terminology used in the corresponding legislation. It also sets a sign against the common practice to deny compensation in case of technical defects and at the same time exempts technical defects from the notion of “extraordinary circumstances”. Practical experience shows that the Regulation is frequently just ignored by airlines. The thesis also tries to find solutions against this situation, making the Regulation toothless.vorgelegt von Christian UitzAbweichender Titel laut Übersetzung der Verfasserin/des VerfassersGraz, Univ., Diss., 2015 R109
P2Y12 inhibitors: differences in properties and mechanisms of action and potential consequences for clinical use
No full textCurrently, clopidogrel is recommended for treatment of patients with acute coronary syndrome and/or percutaneous coronary intervention. However, the delayed onset of the effect and the occurrence of poor platelet inhibition responders with clopidogrel as well as non-compliance to dual antiplatelet treatment are associated with a raised risk of stent thrombosis. The molecular target of the active metabolite of clopidogrel and several emerging antiplatelet treatments is the P2Y(12) receptor, which is the main platelet receptor responsible for ADP-induced platelet aggregation. Active metabolites of the thienopyridine prodrugs (ticlopidine, clopidogrel, and prasugrel) covalently bind to the P2Y(12) receptor and are irreversible, indirect platelet inhibitors. The newer, direct-acting P2Y(12) inhibitors (cangrelor and ticagrelor) change the conformation of the P2Y(12) receptor, resulting in reversible, concentration dependent inhibition of the receptor. An understanding of the similarities and differences in the properties and mechanisms of action of these new inhibitors compared with clopidogrel is needed in order to optimize the development and use of these agents in clinical practice. The objectives of this systematic review are to summarize the pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and pharmacogenetics of the different P2Y(12) inhibitors and to discuss the clinical implications for treatment of patients.</p
Prognostic Usefulness of Left Ventricular Hypertrophy by Electrocardiography in Patients With Atrial Fibrillation (from the Randomized Evaluation of Long-Term Anticoagulant Therapy Study)
No full textIt is unknown whether left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) diagnosis by electrocardiography improves risk stratification in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF). We investigated the prognostic impact of LVH diagnosis by electrocardiography in a large sample of anticoagulated patients with AF included in the Randomized Evaluation of Long-Term Anticoagulant Therapy (RE-LY) Study. We defined electrographic LVH (ECG-LVH) by strain pattern or Cornell voltage (R wave in aVL plus S wave in V-3) >2.0 mV (women) or >2.4 mV (men). LVH prevalence was 22.7%. During a median follow-up of 2.0 years, 303 patients developed a stroke, 778 died (497 from cardiovascular causes), and 140 developed a myocardial infarction. LVH was associated with a greater risk of stroke (1.99% vs 1.32% per year, hazard ratio [BR] 1.51, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.18 to 1.93, p <0.001), cardiovascular death (4.52% vs 1.80% per year, HR 2.56, 95% CI 2.14 to 3.06, p <0.0001), all-cause death (6.03% vs 3.11% per year, HR 1.95, 95% CI 1.68 to 2.26, p <0.0001), and myocardial infarction (1.11% vs 0.55% per year, HR 2.07, 95% CI 1.47 to 2.92, p <0.0001). In multivariate analysis, the prognostic value of LVH was additive to CHA(2)DS(2)-VASc score and other covariates. The category-free net reclassification index and integrated discrimination improvement increased significantly after adding LVH to multivariate models. In conclusion, our study demonstrates for the first time that ECG-LVH, a simple and easily accessible prognostic indicator, improves risk stratification in anticoagulated patients with AF.</p
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