120 research outputs found
Former à l’enseignement d’une géographie recomposée. Étude de cas visant à développer la créativité et la pédagogie en extérieur dans une perspective d’éducation à la durabilité
No full textRésumé : La montée de l’écoanxiété et l’engagement des jeunes en faveur de la durabilité représentent des réalités qui ne sont pas prises en compte par l’école. La forme scolaire actuelle reste décontextualisée et découpée en disciplines (Sauvé, 2020). Afin de répondre aux problèmes complexes de notre époque et imaginer des avenirs possibles, les citoyen·ne·s de demain doivent acquérir des compétences, telles que la créativité (Lubart, 2003 ; Pache, 2017). En prenant en compte ces enjeux en formation initiale à la HEP Vaud (Suisse), des activités ont été développées mêlant l’Éducation à la durabilité, la créativité et la pédagogie en extérieur sur une étude de cas liée à l’aménagement d’un cours d’eau en géographie. Les résultats présentés dans cet article proviennent de l’observation des activités sur le terrain, des traces écrites et des travaux réflexifs des étudiant·e·s et tentent d’illustrer des facteurs qui participent au potentiel créatif
Strukturelle und funktionelle Analyse der Interaktion zwischen Adenovirus und Adenovirusrezeptoren
No full textAdenovirus is a major cause of acute respiratory and ocular infections.
However, despite their disease association, recombinant forms of this virus
are currently being employed for gene transfer applications and vaccine
delivery. A large number of the more than 50 identified serotypes of human
adenovirus can use the cell surface protein CAR as primary attachment receptor
on host cells. Recently, non CAR-using adenoviruses belonging to species B as
well as the species D member Ad37 have been found to bind to the integral
membrane protein CD46. Upon comparison of their CD46-usage, I found that the
species B Ads utilize this primary attachment receptor while Ad37 recognizes
CD46 less efficiently and also binds to cells via other host cell molecules,
including sialic acid. Unexpectedly, I found that the soluble Ad37 fiber knob
actually promoted virus infection through a novel bridging mechanism. Further
investigation of the CD46 binding by species B Ads led to the identification
of a site comprised of the CD46 domains SCR1 and 2 that mediates attachment of
the Ad fiber protein. Structural and functional analysis of the binding site
indicated a strong conservation of receptor usage by members of the Ad
subspecies B2. However, a detailed kinetic analysis of CD46 binding to the
fiber knobs of Ad11 (species B2) and Ad16 (species B1) indicated significant
differences in CD46 association. In particular, we observed that Ad16 has a
strikingly low binding affinity for CD46 due to an increased dissociation
rate. Further structural and functional studies identified an extended surface
loop in the Ad16 fiber knob that plays a major role in reduced binding
affinity. Nonetheless, avidity effects permit efficient virus attachment and
cell entry via CD46. However, the structural variations in the surface loops
that regulate receptor affinity might enable this virus to evade preexisting
neutralizing antibodies more efficiently. Together, my findings shed further
light on CD46 association by distinct adenovirus species and could aid in the
selection and development of second generation viral vectors.Adenoviren sind eine häufige Ursache von akuten Infektionen des
Respirationstraktes sowie der Augenbindehaut. Trotz der Pathogenität dieses
Viruses werden rekombinante Formen zum Gentranfer sowie zur Übertragung von
Impfstoffen eingesetzt. Bislang wurden mehr als 50 verschiedene
Adenovirustypen identifiziert, von denen die Mehrzahl das
Zelloberflächenprotein CAR als primären Rezeptor auf Wirtszellen nutzt.
Unlängst wurde festgestellt, daß Adenoviren der Gattung B sowie der zur
Gattung D gehörende Adenovirustyp 37, die nicht CAR als Rezeptor nutzen, das
integrale Membranprotein CD46 binden können. Durch einen Vergleich der Nutzung
von CD46 durch diese Viren konnte ich feststellen, daß Adenoviren der Gattung
B dieses Protein als primären Rezeptor nutzen, während Adenovirustyp 37 CD46
mit einem geringeren Wirkungsgrad nutzt und darüberhinaus noch weitere
Moleküle an der Zelloberfläche bindet, unter anderem Sialinsäure.
Überraschenderweise habe ich entdeckt, daß eine rekombinante Form der
Kopfdomäne des Ad37 Fiberproteins die Infektion mit Adenoviren auf eine bisher
unbekannte Weise fördert. Durch weitere Untersuchungen der Interaktion mit
CD46 konnte ich feststellen, daß die Domänen SCR1 und SCR2 dieses Rezeptors
die Bindungsstelle für das Fiberprotein von Adenoviren bilden. Eine Struktur-
und Funktionsanalyse der Bindungsstelle deutete auf eine erhebliche
Konservierung der Rezeptorinteraktion von Adenoviren der Gattung B2 hin. Eine
genaue kinetische Analyse der Interaktion von CD46 mit den Fiberkopfdomänen
von Adenoviren der Gattungen B2 (Ad11) und B1 (Ad16) zeigte jedoch deutliche
Unterschiede in der Rezeptorbindung auf, wobei insbesondere eine äußerst
niedrige Affinität von Ad16 für Cd46 auffiel. Durch weitere Struktur- und
Funktionsanalysen konnte eine vorstehende Schlaufe an der Oberfläche des Ad16
Fiberkopfes identifiziert werden, die eine wichtige Ursache für die reduzierte
Bindungsaffinität dieses Proteins darstellt. Trotz einer solch niedrigen
Affinität kann der Virus aufgrund von Aviditätseffekten mittels CD46 in
Wirtszellen eindringen. Die strukturellen Variationen in den
Oberflächenschlaufen des Fiberkopfproteins, die für Unterschiede in der
Bindungsaffinität verantwortlich sind, erlauben es dem Virus möglicherweise,
neutralisierenden Antikörpern auszuweichen. Meine Forschungsergebnisse geben
Aufschluß über die Interaktion von verschiedenen Adenovirustypen mit dem
Rezeptor CD46 und können so möglicherweise die Auswahl und Entwicklung von
viralen Vektoren der zweiten Generation erleichtern
European Identity in International Society — A Constructivist Analysis of the EU Charter of Fundamental Rights
No full textIn public discourse, the drawing up of the EU Charter of Fundamental Rights was frequently linked to the hope that this project contributes to forging a European identity. This paper's argument starts form the tension inherent in this idea: On the one hand, identity-building implies the visualisation of what is specific for the European Community and its members. On the other hand, human rights are anchored in supposedly universal rules and global regimes, constituting the "international society" belonging to which is a crucial feature of the Union's identity as an actor. paper develops two-dimensional model European and differentiates two types human rights discourse capture this tension. It then provides detailed empirical analysis debate in around Convention drew up EU Charter. demonstrates that while dimension was not at centre Charter project beginning, globally-oriented discourse, stresses Europe commitments responsibilities, gained prominence during significantly shaped discursive space for defining fundamental polity.constitution building; European identity; fundamental/human rights; international agreements; asylum policy; social policy
Three Towers Golden Ale - A Refreshing Take on \u27Foe\u27 by Iain Reid
No full textThe Feed Mill Brewery and Three Towers Golden Ale brand was inspired and interconnected with motifs, characters, and settings seen in Foe written by author Iain Reid. The packaging for this new age beer company has an overall aesthetic that aligns perfectly with the book itself and could easily be imagined as a product between the pages or promoting them. Three Towers Golden Ale is believably Junior\u27s drink of preference, which is a refined taste that could not be easily replaced.
Department: Design Studies
Faculty Mentor: Constanza Pache
Genome-wide siRNA screen in THP-1 cells infected with Influenza A virus
No full textTo identify host cell factors that impact viral replication, the human monocytic cell line THP-1 was treated with an arrayed library of siRNA pools and subsequently infected with influenza A/Wyoming/03/03 (H3N2) or A/Vietnam/1203/04 (H5N1) HALo virus in the presence or absence of interferon beta. The Influenza A/Vietnam/1203/04 (H5N1) HALo mutant virus is an attenuated H5N1 virus generated from wild-type Influenza A/Vietnam/1203/04 (H5N1) virus as described in Steel, J., et al. J Virol. 2009 Feb; 83(4):1742-53. Genome-wide siRNA screenA genome-wide siRNA screen was carried out in human macrophage THP-1 cells to identify novel host cell factors that affect the replication of influenza A virus. The screen was performed using the arrayed genome-wide ON-TARGETplus SMARTpool siRNA library (Dharmacon), where each pool contains 4 unique siRNAs targeting a given gene. In addition, two non-targeting siRNAs (scr76, scr77) were added to each plate as negative controls, and siRNAs targeting IRF9 and the influenza A virus protein NP were included as positive controls. THP-1 cells were differentiated using 10 ng/ml phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate (PMA) for 72 hours at 37C, 5% CO2. Pooled siRNAs were arrayed in 384-well plates at a concentration of 12.5 nM siRNA per well. To enable the formation of siRNA-transfection reagent complexes, 0.075ul Lipofectamine RNAiMAX transfection reagent diluted in 9.925 ul Opti-MEM media (both reagents Thermo Fisher Scientific) were added to each well. Following a 20 min incubation period at room temperature, 15,000 differentiated THP-1 cells diluted in 20 ml RPMI media supplemented with 10% FBS, 1% PenStrep and 1% HEPES were seeded on top of the complexes and incubated for 48 hours at 37C, 5% CO2. Cells were then mock-treated or treated with 100 IU/ml universal interferon beta (IFN) diluted in 10 ul of serum free RPMI media. After 6 hours of incubation at 37C, 5% CO2, media was removed, and cells were infected with the influenza A virus strain A/Wyoming/3/2003 H3N2 or A/Vietnam/1203/2004 H5N1 HALo at a multiplicity of infection (MOI) of 0.50 (H3N2) or 0.25 (H5N1 HALo) diluted in in 20 ul serum free RPMI media. After a 1-hour incubation at room temperature, the inoculum was removed and replaced with 40 ul of serum-free RPMI media and cells were incubated for 24 hours at 37C, 5% CO2. Cells were then fixed with 4% PFA for 30 min at room temperature and washed twice with PBS. Cells were permeabilized with 0.5% Triton X-100 for 20 min, followed by blocking with 3% BSA for 1 hour at room temperature. Primary anti-NP mouse monoclonal antibody (HT103, provided by Dr. Adolfo García-Sastre, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai) was added for 2 hours at room temperature, followed by three washes with PBS and a 1-hour incubation with Alexa Fluor 488-conjugated anti-mouse secondary antibody (Thermo Fisher Scientific, Cat# A-11001) diluted in 3% BSA. Following three washes with PBS, cells were stained with DAPI (4,6-diamidine-2-phenylindole), and plates were sealed and stored at 4C until imaging. Imaging and data analysisReplication of influenza A virus in the assay plates was assessed using high-throughput microscopy (high-content screening, HCS). The assay plates were analyzed by high-content imaging using a Vala Sciences IC200 microscope. Using automated analysis software Columbus v2.5 (Perkin Elmer), the number of nuclei per well was counted and the number of cells positive for Alexa 488 staining was used to calculate the percentage of infected cells. Infection data from each well was normalized to the plate median, and the Z score was calculated. Cytotoxicity resulting from siRNA transfections was evaluated by normalizing the total number of cells per well to the average value of wells treated with the non-targeting control siRNA scr76 in the same plate. Screens were performed in duplicate and replicate data was averaged. siRNA pools with a cell viability 1.5 host restriction factors hits.</p
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Identifying HIV-1 host cell factors by genome-scale RNAi screening.
No full textAdvances in the application of RNA interference (RNAi) have facilitated the establishment of systematic cell-based loss-of-function screening platforms. Widespread implementation of this technology has enabled genome-wide genetic analysis of a diverse array of cellular phenotypes, including the identification of host cell factors involved in viral replication. Four recent studies employed whole-genome RNAi technologies to elucidate cellular genes important for the replication of HIV-1. While these four genome-scale screens shared a common objective, they differ in their scope and experimental design. In this review we explore alternative strategies for developing RNAi screens, and discuss potential pitfalls of the technology. Important technical considerations include the choice of silencing reagents, experimental systems, assay readout and analysis methods. We focus on experimental and computational parameters that can impact the outcome of high-throughput genetic screens, and provide guidelines for the development of reliable cell-based RNAi screens
La representación literaria de la feminidad: Los Abel de Ana María Matute
No full textThis article examines the representations of women appeared in Ana Maria Matute`s novel Los Abel (1948). This analysis is focused on the different functions that literary portrait has in order to explain the personal style of the author. Besides, these representations have something to do with the society where they are created and read. Thus, they end up being part of the national identity.Este artículo ofrece un análisis de las representaciones femeninas que aparecen en la novela Los Abel (1948), de Ana María Matute. Para ello, se parte de diferentes atribuciones funcionales que tiene el retrato literario, estampado por el estilo personal de la autora. Las figuraciones femeninas, de este modo, tienen que ver con la sociedad en la que se registran y se leen, puesto que estas acaban constituyendo parte de su identidad
La brevedad como forma de vida : la narrativa de Enrique Vila-Matas
No full textEste trabajo pretende dibujar un recorrido por las obras del escritor Enrique Vila-Matas (1948) que, de un modo u otro, participan de la brevedad, una forma propia de vida literaria. Más allá de sus libros publicados bajo el marbete de cuento, como pueden ser Suicidios ejemplares (1991), Hijos sin hijos (1993), Exploradores del abismo (2007), Recuerdos inventados (1993) o Chet Baker piensa en su arte (2011), pueden identificarse en otros títulos del autor características que participarán de una concepción peculiar de lo breve, de hecho en gran parte de su producción. Así, un género flexible y abierto como es el cuento se coloca en el centro de la narrativa vilamatiana, atendiendo a aspectos como la hibridación, la modernidad o la intertextualidad, diseminadas en toda su creación.This work aims at surveying the works of Enrique Vila-Matas (1948) which, in one way or another, can be ascribed to brevity, a form of literary life of its own. Beyond his books published under the short story label, such as Suicidios ejemplares (1991), Hijos sin hijos (1993), Exploradores del abismo (2007), Recuerdos inventados (1993) or Chet Baker piensa en su arte (2011), some other titles by the author, indeed in a large part of his production, can be said to feature some peculiar conception of brevity. Thus, a flexible and open genre such is short story is placed here at the centre of this vilamatian narrative, taking into consideration aspects like hybridization, modernity or intertextuality, disseminated all along his work
Dream Maker and Heart Breaker - Engendering Epic in Kings and Queens
No full textArnaud Desplechin’s 2004 Kings and Queen tells the story of two former lovers, Nora and Ismael, as they remember their past and start new lives. Alternating between a first-person confessional perspective and a more impersonal style, the story line combines tragedy and comedy. The two perspectives meet, intertwine, and collide with one another much as the relationship between Nora and Ismael evolves through time. While ostensibly about ordinary people facing everyday joys and disappointments, the film begins with an arpeggio played on a harp and a voiceover describing how Zeus loved the beautiful Leda and came to her as a swan, an opening gesture that places the narrative firmly in the realm of epic. Like Yeats, author of the famous poem “Leda and the Swan,” Desplechin sees myth as a source of inspiration and self-understanding. Critics have noted the important place given to modern poetry and psychoanalysis in Desplechin’s film, but it is Greek myth that is at the core of and provides a key to understanding Kings and Queen. In the following pages, I trace the visual and poetic motifs that link Kings and Queen to Greek myth in general, and more particularly to the Odyssey, and show how Desplechin uses the classical tradition to engender —to use Yeats\u27 word—a modern epic of homecoming that transforms and transcends its ancient models
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