1,720,965 research outputs found
Uncertainty in microsimulation : Assessing sampling variability in inequality and poverty indicators through variance estimation
No full textEconometric microsimulation models that simulate the effects of taxation and social benefit legislation on the disposable incomes of individuals and households are widely used by social scientists and policymakers worldwide. The results produced by these models have a degree of uncertainty arising from multiple sources. One of these is sampling error that is caused by the fact that the simulation is performed on a sample of the total population of interest. However, assessment of the accuracy of results through the estimation of sampling variability caused by this error is still largely absent in the microsimulation literature.
The users of econometric microsimulation models are often interested in the values of certain inequality and poverty indicators. This thesis presents variance estimation methods that can be employed to produce variance estimates for these indicators. The main focus is on bootstrap and linearization methods for variance estimation and the indicators considered are the at-risk-of-poverty threshold (ARPT), the at-risk-of-poverty rate (ARPR) and the Gini coefficient. The efficiency of variance estimation methods is tested in a simulative study performed on a data set produced by the SISU microsimulation model developed by Statistics Finland. The methods are also employed in a hands-on case study to help assess the effects of an actual legislative reform simulated by the SISU model.
It is found that both bootstrap and linearization methods for variance estimation produce relatively good variance estimates for the indicators considered, with linearization being the more effective of the two. However, high outlier incomes are shown to cause difficulties in the variance estimation of the Gini coefficient with both methods
ELSI: The Finnish pension microsimulation model
Full text linkThis report is an overview of the structure and functionalities of the pension microsimulation model ELSI. Developed and maintained by the Finnish Centre for Pensions, ELSI is used to simulate the life courses of individuals in order to forecast the long-term development of Finnish earnings-related pensions and national and guarantee pensions
Työkyvyttömyyseläkkeiden kustannus
Full text linkTyöeläkelakien mukaisella työkyvyttömyyseläkkeellä olevien henkilöiden työkyvyttömyyden kokonaistaloudellinen kustannus on työkyvyttömyyden takia menetetyn työpanoksen arvo. Esitämme yksilödataan perustuvan arvion näiden henkilöiden menetetyn työpanoksen arvosta vuonna 2021. Vertailukohtamme on kuvitteellinen tilanne, jossa kaikki edellä mainittuun ryhmään kuuluvat henkilöt olisivat jatkaneet työelämässä ansioilla, joihin heidän havaittu ansiohistoriansa viittaa. Arviomme mukaan menetetyn työpanoksen arvo oli vuonna 2021 vähintään 3,0 miljardia euroa. Tämä on oleellisesti pienempi kuin sosiaali- ja terveysministeriön tekemä, vuotta 2012 koskeva vastaava arvi
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Työkyvyttömyyseläkkeiden kustannus
Full text linkTyökyvyttömyyden kokonaistaloudellinen kustannus on menetetty työpanos. Esitämme yksilödataan perustuvan arvion työeläkelakien mukaisella työkyvyttömyyseläkkeellä olevien henkilöiden menetetyn työpanoksen arvosta vuonna 2021. Vertailukohtamme on kuvitteellinen tilanne, jossa kaikki edellä mainittuun ryhmään kuuluvat henkilöt olisivat jatkaneet työelämässä ansioilla, joihin heidän havaittu ansiohistoriansa viittaa. Arviomme mukaan työpanoksen menetys oli vuonna 2021 noin 3,0 miljardia euroa. Tämä on oleellisesti pienempi arvio, kuin STM:n vuotta 2012 koskeva vastaava arvio
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Liikenteeseen ja autoiluun liittyvien verojen simulointimallin rakentaminen
No full textSISU-mikrosimulointimalli on henkilöverotuksen ja sosiaaliturvalainsäädännön suunnitteluun, seurantaan ja arvioimiseen tarkoitettu laskentaväline. Mallia käytetään mm. julkisen sektorin verotulojen arvioimiseen, kansalaisten ja kotitalouksien taloudellisen aseman tarkasteluun sekä tuloerojen ja kannustinvaikutusten tutkimiseen. SISU-mallia on ollut tarkoitus laajentaa auto-, ajoneuvo- ja polttoaineverojen osalta. Luotettavan ja lainsäädännön muutosten tarkastelun mahdollistavan simulointimallin rakentamiseksi, ensisijaisena tehtävänä hankkeessa on ollut varmistaa tarvittavien ja tarpeeksi kattavien aineistojen saanti ja käytettävyys simuloinnissa. Lähdeaineistoista on poimittu tai päätelty tarpeelliset muuttujat ja aineistot on muokattu simulointia varten autoverojen ja polttoaineverojen osalta. Tässä raportissa kuvataan aineistojen muodostuksen lisäksi simulointimallien muodostus ja esitellään joitain mallilla tuotettuja tuloksia. Autoverojen kohdalla aineistojen suppea saatavuus, autoverovelvollisten tietojen huono linkattavuus lähdeaineistoissa sekä käytettyjen ajoneuvojen mikroaineiston puuttuminen, ovat johtaneet ratkaisuun, jossa autoveroja ei ole mahdollista simuloida. Autoverotietoja vuoden 2016 osalta on mahdollista hyödyntää simulointien yhteydessä niiltä osin kuin tiedot ovat olleet saatavilla ja linkattavissa
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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