1,354,883 research outputs found
Hundreds of variants clustered in genomic loci and biological pathways affect human height
No full textMost common human traits and diseases have a polygenic pattern of inheritance: DNA sequence variants at many genetic loci influence the phenotype. Genome-wide association (GWA) studies have identified more than 600 variants associated with human traits(1), but these typically explain small fractions of phenotypic variation, raising questions about the use of further studies. Here, using 183,727 individuals, we show that hundreds of genetic variants, in at least 180 loci, influence adult height, a highly heritable and classic polygenic trait(2,3). The large number of loci reveals patterns with important implications for genetic studies of common human diseases and traits. First, the 180 loci are not random, but instead are enriched for genes that are connected in biological pathways (P = 0.016) and that underlie skeletal growth defects (P<0.001). Second, the likely causal gene is often located near the most strongly associated variant: in 13 of 21 loci containing a known skeletal growth gene, that gene was closest to the associated variant. Third, at least 19 loci have multiple independently associated variants, suggesting that allelic heterogeneity is a frequent feature of polygenic traits, that comprehensive explorations of already-discovered loci should discover additional variants and that an appreciable fraction of associated loci may have been identified. Fourth, associated variants are enriched for likely functional effects on genes, being over-represented among variants that alter amino-acid structure of proteins and expression levels of nearby genes. Our data explain approximately 10% of the phenotypic variation in height, and we estimate that unidentified common variants of similar effect sizes would increase this figure to approximately 16% of phenotypic variation (approximately 20% of heritable variation). Although additional approaches are needed to dissect the genetic architecture of polygenic human traits fully, our findings indicate that GWA studies can identify large numbers of loci that implicate biologically relevant genes and pathways
The lango of Uganda: Identity, origin, migration, and settlements
No full textThis paper sheds new knowledge on the identity, origin, migration, and settlements of the Lango people, highlighting their unique sociopolitical and military structures. Overlooked print and documented oral histories of the Lango people and their neighbors show that they are of diverse backgrounds and cannot trace their identity to a single grandfather or group. Through migrations, conquests, and expansion wars, Lango people developed a unique language and culture; and perfected their sociopolitical and military structures
Practical Lango Grammar
No full textThese Grammar and Dictionary of the Lango language are the result of 28
years of research, study and day-to-day experience among the Lango people.
The book is more than just a Vocabulary, or list of words: it is a Dictionary.
Besides words, it gives examples of proper usage
The evolution of Lango political institutions, 1800 to 2017
No full textviii,114 p.:ill (some col)The purpose of the study was to examine the evolution of Lango political institutions from 1800 to 2017. It covered the pre-colonial to post-colonial periods. The study further aimed to show when and how Lango political institutions evolved. Two theories guided the study namely the Structural Regulation of Internal Affairs theory and the Rule of Political Practicality theory. The study employed a qualitative approach with a case study design in which the researcher applied snowball and convenience sampling techniques. The technique helped the researcher to locate the hidden population such as clan leaders and elders that would not have been known. Interview guides were used while conducting the oral interviews. The study revealed that despite the fact that Lango was a decentralised society, it had clan heads as the main political leaders from pre-colonial to post periods. The study concluded that the Lango originated from Abbysinia (Ethiopia) and that the Lango are of Galla stock. The study further examined the relationship between the Lango and other ethnic groups such as Acholi, Labwor, Karimojong, Iteso, Kumam and Banyoro and it showed that the relationship was based on raids, trade and intermarriages. It revealed that Lango political institutions evolved gradually during the pre-colonial, colonial and post-colonial periods and that is why the Lango political institutions is currently headed by a Won Nyaci ( a representative of clan leaders)
A study of indigenous yaws amongst the Lango
No full text(1) A clinical study of indigenous yaws, in an isolated Nilotic
tribe is presented.(2) An endeavour has been made to establish that yaws is common
in this tribe, and that syphilis is rare. The past history of
adjoining tribes is reviewed and it indicates that syphilis
should become common amongst the Lango.(3) With improving economic conditions, better standard of
living and more treatment, yaws will disappear from Lango.(4) The possibility of a fly vector is suggested.(5) The cutaneous manifestations of yaws are discussed, and the
clinical appearance of the lesions has been shown to be dependent upon the relative predominance of combinations of typical
histological features.(6) A classification of Common Framboesome, Annular Framboesom
and Impetiginous Framboesome is shown to be adequate for the
sango lesions.(7) Unusual looking lesions have been encountered and are explained as being caused by reparative processes.(8) The uniformity of the lesions in a given case is emphasised.(9) Late skin lesions, such as Hyperkeratosis Plantaris and
Palmaris have been referred to and their frequency commented on. The Lupoid type has been discussed at some length.(10) The importance of bone lesions has received attention.
The remarkable prevalence of dactylitis and periostitis in
children during the acute stage of the eruption is introduced.(11) The sociological effect of the disablement of parents by
late yaws lesions has been pointed out.(12) Treatment has been discussed, in general and also with
particular relation to the results achieved in Lango. The
importance of "Reservoir Cases" is mentioned.(13) Immunology, particularly the immunological relationship
between yaws and syphilis, has been studied, and the author
offers his clinical observations in this connection. In his
opinion yaws does not protect against venereal syphilis.(14) Syphilis amongst Bantu Uganda tribes has been described
briefly.(15) The absence of visceral changes amongst the Lango, resembling those caused by syphilis is alluded to
The comparative legal analysis of a Criminal Offence under Article 143/6 of the Criminal Code of Republic of Slovenia ("Revenge Pornography")
No full textMaščevalna pornografija je pojav, star najverjetneje vsaj toliko, kot je stara fotografija, svoj razmah pa je doživela z razcvetom interneta in socialnih omrežij. Za izrazom maščevalna pornografija se skriva nekonsenzualno objavljanje intimnih slik, ki so jih posamezniki sicer posneli s soglasjem, a vendar z implicitnim pričakovanjem, da bodo te slike ostale zaupne. Enostaven dostop do interneta in hitra ter anonimna možnost delitev fotografij na različnih spletnih platformah, skupaj s popularizacijo delitve intimnih fotografiji in posnetkov med zaljubljenci, sta prav gotovo prispevala k popularizaciji tega kibernetskega kaznivega dejanja. Na žrtvi objava takšnih fotografij in posnetkov pusti globok pečat, velikokrat imajo žrtve tudi hude psihološke in socialne posledice (izgubijo službo, prijatelje), nekatere storijo celo samomor. Nekontrolirano širjenje teh slik, ko se pojavijo na internetu, je zagotovo eden izmed bolj problematičnih aspektov, poleg tega žrtve nimajo ustreznih vzvodov in sodnih poti, s katerimi bi to širjenje lahko učinkovito zaustavile. Čeprav je izraz maščevalna pornografija popularen, je lahko zavajajoč, saj storilci niso vedno motivirani z maščevanjem. Nekatere motivira želja po dobičku, druge razvpitosti ali osebna zabava, nekateri pa sploh nimajo posebnega razloga za objavo. Večplastnost in kompleksnost tega kaznivega dejanja sta razloga, da so različne države ubrale različne pristope h kriminalizaciji. Na prvi pogled se morda zdi, da je kriminaliziranje tega dejanja relativno preprosto, a ko popraskamo pod površje, hitro naletimo na pravne praznine v različnih pravnih ureditvah po svetu. S pomočjo primerjalnopravne analize pridemo do zaključka, da je najboljši način za izboljšanje kazenskopravne zakonodaje za to kaznivo dejanje zapolnjevanje vrzeli, če nanje naleti praksa oz. nanje opozori stroka. »Maščevalna pornografija« bo namreč kot kibernetsko kaznivo dejanje vedno korak pred zakonodajalcem, naloga zakonodajalca pa je predvsem ta, da je pozoren na spremembe na področju informacijske tehnologije in ostaja dovolj kritičen do sebe in odprtih vprašanj, ki jih zakonodaja še ni uredila.Revenge pornography is a phenomenon at least as old as the invention of photography. Its popularity has grown with the rise of the Internet and social networks. The term revenge pornography refers to non-consensual dissemination of intimate images taken with the consent of an individual but with the implicit expectation that these images will remain private. Easy Internet access and the possibility of a simple and anonymous photo sharing on various online platforms, along with the popularization of sharing intimate photos among lovers, has done its fair share in popularizing this phenomenon. Revenge pornography may leave devastating and long-lasting consequences on the victimsmany feel severe psychological effects, lose their jobs, friends, in some cases even commit suicide. Once these images reach the Internet, they often spread uncontrollably. Victims often lack the appropriate leverage and litigation to stop the spreading of the photos online effectively. The term revenge porn, although popular, can be misleading, as perpetrators are not always motivated by revenge. Some act out of a desire for profit, notoriety, fun, there are even some who do it just for a thrill of it. Revenge poronography is a complex and multifaceted crime this is the reason different countries have taken distinct approaches to criminalize this phenomenon. At first glance, it may seem that criminalizing it relatively straightforward, but when scratching the surface, we quickly find legal gaps in almost all legal systems. Comparative legal analysis leads us to conclusion that the best way to improve criminal legislation is to amend it if we encounter any gaps along the way. The perpetrators of revenge pornography as it is a cybercrime will always be one step ahead of the legislator. The legislator\u27s task is, above all, to pay attention to changes in the field of information technology and to remain sufficiently critical and especially attentive to the open questions not yet regulated by the legislation
EXPULSION OF EU CITIZEN FROM A HOST MEMBER STATE ON THE IMPERATIVE GROUNDS OF PUBLIC SECURITY IN THE RECENT CASE LAW OF THE CORTE OF JUSTICE OF THE EU
No full textDiplomska naloga obravnava izgon državljana EU iz druge države članice EU iz »nujnih razlogov javne varnosti«. Ukrep izgona je eden izmed najostrejših varovalnih ukrepov in ima kot tak za posameznika in njegovo družino, če je sprejet, velike posledice. EU je za državljane EU, ki že dalj časa delajo in živijo v drugi državi članici EU, z evropskimi pravnimi akti in prakso Sodišča EU postavila določene omejitve, kdaj se lahko odločba o izgonu zoper njih sprejme.
Diplomska naloga je razdeljena na tri dele. V prvem delu se dotakne vprašanja, kaj je izgon in kako je ta urejen v pravnih virih EU in sodni praksi Sodišča EU. Za izgon državljana EU iz države članice gostiteljice veljajo namreč drugačna pravila kot pri izgonu tujca (prebivalci tretjih držav, ki niso članice EU). Vsi državljani držav članic EU imajo skupno državljanstvo EU, poleg tega pa je znotraj EU uveljavljena svoboščina prostega gibanja oseb. To je razlog, da je za izgon državljana EU iz države gostiteljice potrebno izpolniti ostrejše pogoje kot pri izgonu tujca. V zvezi z izgonom naloga odgovarja tudi na vprašanje, kdaj je ta ukrep dovoljen kot oblika omejitve prostega gibanja oseb znotraj EU in na katere pogoje in okoliščine mora biti država članica pozorna, preden izda odločbo o izgonu.
V drugem delu naloge je poudarek predvsem na praksi Sodišča EU in njenih dognanjih. Zanimivo je predvsem vpršanje, kdaj je možen izgon tujca, ki je v državi članici gostiteljici živel že deset let, zaradi »nujnih razlogov javne varnosti«. Diplomska naloga se na kratko dotakne tudi tega, kaj je o »nujnih razlogih javne varnosti« dorekla Direktiva 2004/38/ES, vendar pa je za razumevanje »nujnih razlogov javne varnosti« večjega pomena poznavanje in razumevanje sodne prakse Sodišča EU. Posebej se naloga posveti eni izmed pomembnejših zadev iz sodobne sodne prakse Sodišča EU, to je zadeva P. I. proti Oberbürgermeisterin der Stadt Remscheid (C-348/09). Skozi zadeve Sodišča EU poskuša naloga razložiti, kakšno mora biti osebno obnašanje posameznika in kakšno nevarnost mora njegovo ravnanje predstavljati za državo gostiteljico, da se lahko utemelji njegov izgon iz države članice gostiteljice zaradi »nujnih razlogov javne varnosti«.
V zadnjem, tretjem, delu naloga kritično analizira novonastalo tendenco glede izdaje odločb o izgonu znotraj EU v zadnjih letih. Obdobje ekonomske krize je namreč imelo pomembno vlogo, in sicer s kakšno mero odprtosti države članice gostiteljice sprejemajo državljane drugih držav članic.The thesis deals with the expulsion of European Union (EU) citizens from a host Member State on the »imperative grounds of public security«. Expulsion is one of the strictest measures a host Member State can use against another EU citizen, as it can have major consequences for the citizen and his family. The EU has, with the case law of the Corte of Justice of the EU and EU legislation, set some safeguards against expulsion of EU citizens who have been working and living in another EU Member State.
The thesis is divided into three parts. The first part answers the question what is expulsion and how it’s regulated in the EU legislation and case law of the Corte of Justice of the EU. The grounds for expulsion of an EU citizen from the host Member State are different from these for the expulsion of alien (residents of third countries which are not EU members). Freedom of movement is one of the fundamental freedoms within the EU and all the citizens of EU member states have common Union citizenship. This is the why there are stricter laws for the expulsion of EU citizens from the host Member State than there are for the expulsion of an alien. The thesis also answers the question when expulsion can be used as a safeguard for restricting the right of free movement of persons within EU and what conditions and circumstances host Member State has to take into account before expelling EU citizen.
The second part of the thesis focuses on the case law of the Corte of Justice of the EU and its findings. The primary focus is on the expulsion of the EU citizen who has already been living in the host Member State for 10 years and can only be expelled on the »imperative grounds of public security«. The thesis also looks at how does the Directive 2004/38/EC understands »imperative grounds of public security«, but for deeper understanding of "imperative grounds of public security" it’s especially important to know and understand the case law of the Corte of Justice of the EU. One of the most important cases regarding this question is P.I. vs Oberbürgermeisterin der Stadt Remscheid (C-348/09). With the help of the case P.I. vs Oberbürgermeisterin der Stadt Remscheid, the thesis tries to explain what personal conduct of the individual and what danger does his behavior have to represent for the host Member State in order to justify his expulsion on »imperative grounds of public security«.
In the last part the thesis critically analyzes the development of a growing number of expulsions of EU citizens from a host Member State in the recent years. It\u27s partly the Economic crisis, that plays a role to some degree in recent resentfulness of the host Member State towards, especially inactive EU citizens who are trying to live in the host Member State
Oral literature and its social background among the Acholi and Lango
No full textThis thesis is based on literary texts I collected in Acholi and Lango Districts of Uganda between April and October 1962, and those found in the published works of the following authors: J.P. Abe 'Ododo Acholi (Acholi Folk Tales in verse) in Acholi Magazine No. 4 1953. Mr. Abe also lent me his tape recordings of nanga songs; R. S. Anywar, Acholi ki ker Megi 1948; R.M. Bere 'An Outline of Acholi History', Uganda Journal Vol. II No.1, 'Land Tenure among the Acholi' Uganda Journal Vol. 19 No.l; Miss C.B. Cave 'Cardok Acholi' (Acholi Proverbs) in Acholi Magazine No.3 (1952); T.L. Cox 'Lango Proverbs', Uganda Journal Vol. 10; J.H. Driberg The Lango (1923); Rev. H.E. Lees Gang Fables (1930); Rev. Fr. A. Malandra Tekwaro Acholi (1946), 'The Ancestral Shrine of Acholi' Uganda Journal Vol. 7; Rev. Fr. P.A. Negri 'La Tribu niloltica delgi Acioli' La Nigrizia 1932, 1933, 1934. D. Oceng 'Land Tenure among the Acholi' Uganda Journal Vol. 19 No.l L. Okech Tekwaro ki ker Lobo Acholi (1953). D. Ongo 'Buk pa Kwari wa' (The Books of Our Ancestors - songs) Acholi Magazine No. 3.; Rev. Fr. v. Pelligrini Acholi Macon (1949); Rev . Fr. Tarantino 'The Origins of the Lango' Uganda Journal Vo.1. 10, 'Notes on the Lango' Uganda Journal Vol. 13 No. 2. A.C.A. Wright Fifteen Lango Folk Tales (l958), 'Lango Folk Tales - an analysis' Uganda Journal Vol. 24, 'The Supreme Being among the Acholi' Uganda Journal Vol. 7. A select bibliography is appended. The Introduction consists of brief descriptions of Acholi and Lango countries, and the political , social and economic organizations, and the recent history of the two peoples. There is a critical examination of Dr. F. Girling's claim that the Kings of Bunyoro had suzerainty over Acholi. In chapters 2 - 5, I examine Acholi and Lango myths and the historical songs of two Acholi dances: otole and bwala, and the mwoc - praise names , and also Lango Age - Sets songs . An attempt is made to give a sociological explanation for the striking contrast between the Acholi and Lango "in the conspicuous presence in the former and the no less conspicuous absence in the latter, of native history and tradition" (Codrington, R.H . The Melanesians,(l891), p.47). Chapters 6 - 9 consider Acholi Funeral Dirges , the Lango do not have special funeral songs; chants at ancestral spirit shrines in Acholi and Lango; and songs sung at spirit possession dances. Chapter 6 consists of a critical examination of views put forward by other students of Acholi and Lango religous ideas; and a classification of Acholi and Lango spiritual beings . A table of Acholi chiefdom Joks is appended. In Chapters 10 - 12, I consider songs of the Orak dance of the Acholi , Acholi and Lango proverbs and Folk tales as social sanctions and means of inculcating moral ideas. Throughout I have tried to discuss the texts within their proper social contexts, paying attention to the performers and the audience whether in dancing, singing or telling folk tales. Due to shortage of funds (the Acholi District scholarship was terminated in March 1962, and my field work was financed from personal loans and part time jobs) I was unable to do much work among the Lango. For most of the Lango texts I have therefore relied on the available literature.</p
Oral literature and its social background among the Acholi and Lango
No full textThis thesis is based on literary texts I collected in Acholi and Lango Districts of Uganda between April and October 1962, and those found in the published works of the following authors: J.P. Abe 'Ododo Acholi (Acholi Folk Tales in verse) in Acholi Magazine No. 4 1953. Mr. Abe also lent me his tape recordings of nanga songs; R. S. Anywar, Acholi ki ker Megi 1948; R.M. Bere 'An Outline of Acholi History', Uganda Journal Vol. II No.1, 'Land Tenure among the Acholi' Uganda Journal Vol. 19 No.l; Miss C.B. Cave 'Cardok Acholi' (Acholi Proverbs) in Acholi Magazine No.3 (1952); T.L. Cox 'Lango Proverbs', Uganda Journal Vol. 10; J.H. Driberg The Lango (1923); Rev. H.E. Lees Gang Fables (1930); Rev. Fr. A. Malandra Tekwaro Acholi (1946), 'The Ancestral Shrine of Acholi' Uganda Journal Vol. 7; Rev. Fr. P.A. Negri 'La Tribu niloltica delgi Acioli' La Nigrizia 1932, 1933, 1934. D. Oceng 'Land Tenure among the Acholi' Uganda Journal Vol. 19 No.l L. Okech Tekwaro ki ker Lobo Acholi (1953). D. Ongo 'Buk pa Kwari wa' (The Books of Our Ancestors - songs) Acholi Magazine No. 3.; Rev. Fr. v. Pelligrini Acholi Macon (1949); Rev . Fr. Tarantino 'The Origins of the Lango' Uganda Journal Vo.1. 10, 'Notes on the Lango' Uganda Journal Vol. 13 No. 2. A.C.A. Wright Fifteen Lango Folk Tales (l958), 'Lango Folk Tales - an analysis' Uganda Journal Vol. 24, 'The Supreme Being among the Acholi' Uganda Journal Vol. 7. A select bibliography is appended. The Introduction consists of brief descriptions of Acholi and Lango countries, and the political , social and economic organizations, and the recent history of the two peoples. There is a critical examination of Dr. F. Girling's claim that the Kings of Bunyoro had suzerainty over Acholi. In chapters 2 - 5, I examine Acholi and Lango myths and the historical songs of two Acholi dances: otole and bwala, and the mwoc - praise names , and also Lango Age - Sets songs . An attempt is made to give a sociological explanation for the striking contrast between the Acholi and Lango "in the conspicuous presence in the former and the no less conspicuous absence in the latter, of native history and tradition" (Codrington, R.H . The Melanesians,(l891), p.47). Chapters 6 - 9 consider Acholi Funeral Dirges , the Lango do not have special funeral songs; chants at ancestral spirit shrines in Acholi and Lango; and songs sung at spirit possession dances. Chapter 6 consists of a critical examination of views put forward by other students of Acholi and Lango religous ideas; and a classification of Acholi and Lango spiritual beings . A table of Acholi chiefdom Joks is appended. In Chapters 10 - 12, I consider songs of the Orak dance of the Acholi , Acholi and Lango proverbs and Folk tales as social sanctions and means of inculcating moral ideas. Throughout I have tried to discuss the texts within their proper social contexts, paying attention to the performers and the audience whether in dancing, singing or telling folk tales. Due to shortage of funds (the Acholi District scholarship was terminated in March 1962, and my field work was financed from personal loans and part time jobs) I was unable to do much work among the Lango. For most of the Lango texts I have therefore relied on the available literature
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