131,019 research outputs found
Investigation of in-situ parameter control in novel semiconductor optical amplifiers
No full textFibre optic networks form the backbone of modern communications systems. As demand for ever increasing bandwidth continues to grow, technologies that enable the
expansion of optical networks will be the key to future development. The semiconductor optical amplifier (SOA) is a technology that may be crucial in future optical networks, as a low cost in-line amplifier or as a functional element. As fibre networks extend closer to the end user, economical ways of improving the reach of these networks are
important. SOAs are small, relatively inexpensive and can be readily integrated in photonic circuits. Problems persist with the development of SOAs, however, in the form
of a relatively high noise figure and low saturation output power, which limits their use in many circumstances. The aim of this thesis is to outline a concept for control of these parameters such that the SOA can achieve the performance required. The concept relies on the control of the carrier density distribution in the SOA. The basic characteristics of the SOA and how they are affected by changes in the carrier density are studied. The performance of the SOA in linear and high power transmission of CW and pulsed signals is determined. Finally, the wavelength conversion characteristics of the SOA are outlined. The role of the carrier density control in shaping all of these characteristics will be explained
MeSH term explosion and author rank improve expert recommendations
No full textInformation overload is an often-cited phenomenon that reduces the productivity, efficiency and efficacy of scientists. One challenge for scientists is to find appropriate collaborators in their research. The literature describes various solutions to the problem of expertise location, but most current approaches do not appear to be very suitable for expert recommendations in biomedical research. In this study, we present the development and initial evaluation of a vector space model-based algorithm to calculate researcher similarity using four inputs: 1) MeSH terms of publications; 2) MeSH terms and author rank; 3) exploded MeSH terms; and 4) exploded MeSH terms and author rank. We developed and evaluated the algorithm using a data set of 17,525 authors and their 22,542 papers. On average, our algorithms correctly predicted 2.5 of the top 5/10 coauthors of individual scientists. Exploded MeSH and author rank outperformed all other algorithms in accuracy, followed closely by MeSH and author rank. Our results show that the accuracy of MeSH term-based matching can be enhanced with other metadata such as author rank
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
No full textThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
"Closing the R&D Gap, Evaluating the Sources of R&D Spending"
No full textBoth spending and tax policies have been implemented in the United States with the goal of stimulating private sector research and development (R&D). Karier questions whether current R&D policy, especially the research and experimentation tax credit, can contribute to closing the gap between nondefense expenditures on R&D in the United States and such expenditures in other countries, such as Japan and Germany. He also explores possible changes to our current R&D policy to make it more effective.
Petit dictionnaire des dictionnaires français illustré : extraits du Grand dictionnaire de Napoléon Landais (Nouvelle édition) / Napoléon Landais ; par D. Chesurolles
No full textAvec mode text
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
No full textWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Scholarly Communication and Publishing Lunch and Learn Talk #11: The ULS Open Access Author Fee Fund
No full textAt the May 2014 talk, you will learn about the ULS Open Access Author Fee Fund--what it is, why we do it, how it works, and how the program is going so far
The R&D Tax Incentives
No full textThis article sets out some background information and reflections of the author on the R&D tax incentive schemes included in the Common Corporate Tax Base (CCTB) Proposal. In particular the author analyzes the stimulus to private R&D through ad hoc tax incentives included in the CCTB Proposal and dives into the actual provisions included in the Proposal highlighting the most relevant issues connected with their design and interpretation. Moreover, the author explores the interaction between the CCTB Proposal and the granting by Member States of domestic R&D tax incentives
Compréhension des systèmes d\u27extraction d\u27objets dans la vidéo sous l\u27angle de l\u27adaptation
No full textA l\u27Institut National de l\u27Audiovisuel, l\u27extraction d\u27objets dans les flux audiovisuels est une tâche importante dans le cadre de l\u27aide à la documentation. La diversité des objets est telle qu\u27une adaptation des systèmes d\u27extraction est nécessaire pour maintenir un égal niveau de performances, quel que soit le document sur lequel ceux-ci sont appliqués. Cette thèse présente une méthodologie d\u27adaptation des ces systèmes dites autonome, c\u27est à dire ne reposant pas sur l\u27utilisation de connaissances à priori sur le mode de fonctionnement de ceux-ci. La méthodologie construite repose sur deux analyses : la première isole les comportements du système, appelée " diagnostique de responsabilité ", a pour objectif de déterminer, pour un comportement insuffisant donné (une erreur particulière), le module du système responsable de l\u27erreur, dont il conviendra d\u27ajuster les paramètres. Les expérimentations menées au cours de ces travaux portent sur l\u27objet " texte vidéo "
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